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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is growth |
Introduction in physical size of the body |
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What is development |
Increase in the complexity of function |
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What is the growth curve |
Shared by all primates, but no other animals |
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What are the 3 principles of growth |
1. Growth is a continuous process 2. There are inter-individual differences in growth rates (person to person) 3. There are intra-individual differences in growth rates of organs and systems (within the same person) |
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How is growth illustrated |
Growth curve (absolute height of person over time) Growth velocity curve (rate of growth each year over time) Changes in body shape (changes in proportions) |
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How is bone formed |
The deposition of crystals of calcium in a matrix of fibres and carbohydrates |
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What is needed for bone to form properly |
Must be a constant supply of matrix & calcium & vitamins C & D |
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What is the growth process of long bones? |
1. Ossification of long bones begins at the bone shaft, forming a bone collar 2. Bone enlarges and elongates by adding bone to surface, after removing it from interior of shaft 3. Secondary ossification centres are formed at ends & longitudinal growth continues at epiphyseal plates |
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What are the 2 stages of growth from birth |
Embryonic Period (1-2 months) Foetal Period (2 months onwards) |
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What is involved in the embryonic period of growth |
Fertilisation Mitosis (division of first ovum) Division of daughter cells (doubling) |
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What is in the endoderm |
Digestive tract Liver Pancreas |
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What is in the mesoderm |
Bone Muscle |
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What is in the ectoderm |
Nervous tissue Skin epidermis Hair |
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What is in the foetal period |
Increase in length, bulk and complexity |
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What is the control of the growth process |
3 way interaction between genes, hormones and the environment |
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What sort of characteristics are inherited |
Height Eye & Hair colour |
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What is hormonal control |
Control over all glands is the hypothalamus, linked directly to the hypophysis or pituitary gland |
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Where are hormones produced |
In the endocrine glands |
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What is the Human Growth Hormone |
Needed for growth and development |
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What is a result of over secretion of human growth hormone |
Giantism |
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What is a result of an under secretion of the human growth hormone |
Dwarfism |
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What causes acromegaly |
Oversecretion of human growth hormone in adults |
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What is acromegaly |
Increase in growth of short bones Bones and skin thicken |
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What is the Adrenocortiotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
Growth spurts, secondary sex characteristics develop |
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What hormones are secreted from the parathyroid gland |
Parathormone & Calcitonin |
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What do the hormones secreted from the parathyroid do? |
Control the amount of calcium in the blood to assist with ossification |
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What are the environmental controls? |
Climate Nutrition Secular Trends
Physiological Factors Economic |
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What is agenesis |
Total failure of an organ to grow |
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What is cleft palate |
Part failure of a structure to develop |
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What is polydactyly |
Excessive growth in the number of structures |
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What is syndactyly |
Fusion of structures |
