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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Early civilization thought illness was attributed to.....
natural and supernatural forces.
Illness was thought to be the result of.....
some evil wrongdoing.
Diseases were often warded off by......
incanations, magic, or charms or with the use of herb concoctions.
Who was the first physician to believe that treatment should be based on the belief that nature has a strong healing conponent?
Hippocrates
What during the 20th century was a major cause for death?
Infectious Disease
What environmental improvements improved the quality of life in the 20th century?
sanitation, water, and food supply
What diseases reappeared in the 20th century?
TB and measles
What new infectious diseases appeared in the 20th century?
HIV/AIDS, Ebola virus, and drug-resistant strains of organisms (Stapphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Salmonella)
Primary care physicians (PCP) purpose of being used is.....
to reduce the numbers of hospital admissions, costly procedures and referrals.
WHO stands for and is.....
World Health Organization, exists at the international level in that it is concerned with worldwide health promotion and disease prevention and treatment.
anxiety
the response to a stressful situation.
anxiety
the response to a stressful situation.
apathy
a lack of interest in one's surroundings.
disease prevention
divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary. Aimed at disease prevention, includes proper education, nutrition, exercise, and immunization. Early diagnosis and treatment help to prevent permanent disability. When permanent disabilitiy arises, the aim is to maximize the level of functioning.
emotions
experessed feeling tones that influence a person's behavior.
empowerment
a form of self-responsibility that demands that people take charge of their own decision making.
equilibrium
a balance or a state of homeostasis.
fight-or-flight response
a state of readiness to attack or flee caused by a perceived threat.
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
a physiological response to stress that was described by Hans Selye, and involves these three distinct stages:
1) Alarm stage: Hormones from the adrenal cortex place the body in a state of readiness known as fight-or-flight response.
2) State of resistance: The body attempts to adapt to the stressors.
3) State of exhaustion: After prolonged exposure to stress, the body's energy becomes depleted. This may result in disease or destruction.
health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
health promotion
health care directed toward increasing one's optimum level of wellness.
health restoration
that which begins once the disease process is stabilized.
holistic
including not only physical aspects of health but also psychological, social, cognitive, and environmental influeces.
life expectancy
the average number of years person is likely to live.
lifestyle
a person's habits and usual practices common to daily living.
malnutrion
poor dietary practice that results from the lack of essential nutrients or from failure to eat available foods.
regression
a return to an earlier stage of development during stressful periods.
separation anxiety
anxiety brought on by stress when the young child is separated from family by school, hospitalization, or family death.
stress
anything that upsets psychological or physiological balance.
wellness
a relative state of health.
Freud
psychoanalytic theory
Primary prevention
a/k/a health promotion, and examples of this type of prevention includes patient education on basic hygience, nutrition, and exercise. Also, immunizations against infectious diseases, avoidance of substance abuse, and regular dental examinations.
Secondary Prevention
begins with diagnosis of disease or infectious processes. It focuses on the need for early diagnosis and treatment of disease to prevent permanent disability. It includes all interventions used to halt the progress of an already existing disease state.
Tertiary prevention
a/k/a health restoration, begins when a permanent disabiltiy occurs. Health restoration begins once the disease process is stabilized. Nursing care is directed toward rehabilitation and restoring the person to an optimal level of functioning.
Healthy-promotiong behaviors
1) Sound nutritional practice
2) Chemical avoidance
3) Regular physical exercise
4) Stress management
5) disease prevention
6) Healthy self-concept.
How many minutes of exercise is recommended for adults?
30 minutes
How many minutes of exercise is recommended for children?
60 minutes
In the future, the practical nurse will have five roles and responsibilites:
1) Caregiver: Delivering health-care services
2) Teacher: Educating the client, flamily, and community
3) Advocate: helping clients choose between available options
4) Collaborator: Working as a member of a team, sharing and exchanging information
5) Role model: Practicing healthy lifestyle behavior that will influence and reinforce clients' actions.