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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A group is a collection of individuals who are BLANK to be bonded together in a BLANK unit to some degree. |
perceived, coherent |
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The extent to which a group is perceived as a coherent entity is perceived as |
entitativity |
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Entitativity is determined by: 1. BLANK of interaction 2. BLANK of group 3. BLANK goals 4. Member BLANK |
1. Frequency 2. Importance 3. Common 3. similarity |
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Highly entitative groups: 1. Are more BLANK and BLANK 2. Have BLANK group boundaries |
1. structured and homogenous 2. clearer |
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THREE types of groups are |
1. Common bond groups (includes intimacy groups) 2. Common identity groups 3. Task groups |
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Intimacy groups are a type of |
common bond group |
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According to the Stage Model of Group Development, the FIVE stages of group development are: |
1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Performing 5. Adjourning |
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In the Forming stage, members: |
1. Orientate and gather information 2. Seek acceptance and avoid conflict |
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The Storming stage is characterized by |
conflict |
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The Norming stage is when: 1. BLANK of engagement are established 2. BLANK emerge |
1. Rules 2. common identity/purpose |
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The Performing stage is characterized by |
1. Interdependence and flexibility 2. Good relations, focus on task |
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The Adjourning stage is where tasks are BLANK and there is a BLANK of interest and motivation. |
1. completed 2. loss |
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The Temporal Model of Group Membership describes 5 BLANK phases
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MEMBERSHIP / GROUP SOCIALIZATION |
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The 5 phases of of group membership according to the Temporal Model of Group Membership are |
1. Investigation 2. Socialization 3. Maintenance 4. Resocialization 5. Remembrance |
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Stage 1: Investigation, involves: - seeking out the BLANK member - BLANK and recruitment |
- prospective - reconnaissance |
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Stage 2: Socialization, involves: - here one is a BLANK member - there is inBLANK and inBLANK |
- marginal - indoctrination and innovation |
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Stage 3: Maintenance, involves: - being a(n) BLANK member - role BLANK and BLANK - failure - "BLANK criterion" |
- accepted - negotiation and definition - divergence |
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Stage 4: Resocialization, involves: - being a BLANK member again - BLANK of expectations - BLANK than socialization of new members - "BLANK effect" |
- marginal - renegotiation - harsher - Black sheep |
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Stage 5: Remembrance, involves: - being a(n) BLANK - BLANK of contributions, BLANK of benefits and costs |
- ex-member - consensus, reminiscence |
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What are some ways groups have influence on the individual? |
1. Social Facilitation (The Drive Theory of Social Facilitation) 2. Social Loafing (Drive Model Explanation, Output Equity Explanation) 3. Deindividuation |
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What is Social Facilitation? |
It's when others have an effect on one's performance of a task, where dominant and well-rehearsed responses are enhanced. |
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According to the Drive Theory of Social Facilitation, the presence of others affects performance by first creating BLANK. This strengthens BLANK responses. If the BLANK responses are correct, performance is BLANK. If these responses are incorrect, performance is BLANK. |
- arousal. - dominant - dominant, enhanced - impaired |
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Some explanations for social facilitation are: 1. BLANK presence 2. BLANK apprehension : concern about being evaluation by observers 3. BLANK Conflict Theory: too focused on evaluation, hinders performance of difficult tasks 4. BLANK Self-awareness: conscious focus on behavior inhibits automaticity, can lead to social inhibition |
1. Mere 2. Evaluation 3. Distraction 4. Public |
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Social Loafing is the tendency for individual's performance to decrease in a group when |
they are not individually responsible for their actions |
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Social Loafing is evidenced by the 1. BLANK effect: As group size increases, individual effect decreases 2. BLANK effect: Tendency to take advantage of a shared resource without making appropriate contribution |
1. Ringelmann 2. Free rider |
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Social loafers do make a contribution, just not ...... |
his/her fair share, and they're not always aware of their behavior |
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The Drive Model Explanation of social loafing states that it is the BLANK of others that leads to BLANK efforts not being evaluated, which means there is no evaluation BLANK, and so people become BLANK and therefore demotivated, since motivation is dependent on task BLANK, and that's how social loafing happens. |
presence individual apprehension relaxed difficulty |
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According to the Output Equity Explanation, people want everyone to pull their weight, but tend to perceive that others BLANK |
social loaf, which causes reduced motivation and effort since there are no clear standards to gauge own effort by |
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What are some ways to reduce social loafing? 1. Make each individual's contribution BLANK 2. Make tasks BLANK, BLANK, and BLANK 3. Give attractive rewards in exchange for BLANK 4. Allow groups to be composed of BLANK 5. BLANK responsibility and accountability completely |
1. identifiable 2. challenging, appealing, involving 3. effort 4. friends 5. Take away |
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Deindividuation is the temporary loss of BLANK identity characterized by reduced BLANK, resulting from BLANK factors (e.g. being anonymous in a crowd) |
1. individual 2. self-awareness 3. external |
