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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The rudder is used to control the ______ about the airplanes _________ axis.
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Yaw & Vertical
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What is the function of the flaps?
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Increase wing lift which allows an increase in the angle of descent without adding speed.
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4 aerodynamic forces acting on an airplane during flight.
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Lift(upward) , weight(downward) , thrust(forward) , drag(rearward)
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All the forces are ______ when in unaccelerated flight.
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equilibrium ( even )
Lift=weight Thrust=Drag |
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Define "wing chord"
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imaginary line from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the wing.
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Define "relative wind"
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Direction of airflow relative to the wing when the wing is moving through the air.
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Define "angle of attack"
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the angle between the chord line and the direction of the wind.
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Define "stall"
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a stall is when the angle of attack is exceeded.
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Define "spin"
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when one wing is lessed stalled than the other.
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What is one defining factor that relates to all spins?
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The plane must first be stalled.
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What effect does frost have on wings?
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Decreases lift and causes friction and increases drag.
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T or F. Frost can cause a plane to not take off.
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T
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T or F. Frost MUST be removed prior to take off.
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T.
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Define "ground effect"
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interference of the ground (or water) surface with the airflow patterns about a plane.
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When producing lift, a wing generates strong swirling masses of air off both its wingtips called ________.
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Wingtip Vortices.
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How is lift on a wing generated?
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a wing generates lift because there is a lower pressure on its upper surface than on its lower surface
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What does downwash cause?
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an induced angle of attack which reduces lift.
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If the atmosphere has ______ _______, you can see the wind vortex.
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High Humidity.
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Define "downwash"
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the forcing of air downward during the creation of lift.
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What are the components to turn an aircraft.
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coordinate rudder, aileron and elevator.
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What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?
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the center of gravity in conjunction with the center of lift.
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When an airplane is powered down, the nose ______.
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drops.
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When is the torque ( left turning tendency) worst?
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At low airspeeds.
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The torque effect ( left-turn tendency ) is worst at time?
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Low airspeed, High angle of attack, high airspeed( take off)
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Define " p-factor "
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Propellor causing the plane to yaw to the left to due to the right side of the propellors "higher" angle of attack.
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define "load factor"
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Amount of weight a planes wings can withstand from added weight.
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How can you determine the amount of excess load can be added?
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the speed and excess lift available.
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T or F . At high speeds, excess weight can affect the safety limits.
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T
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T or F. The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will remain the same regardless of gross weight.
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TRUE. a plane will always stall at the same angle of attack regardless of airspeed,weight, load factor, or density altitude.
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All the performances of an airplane are dependant up on _____ _____.
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air density.
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As air density decreases, the airplane stalls at a _______ true airspeed.
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HIGHER.
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T or F. Induced drag decreases while in "ground effect"
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T
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Becoming airborne before suggested take off speed is an example of _____ _____
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Ground effect.
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What force makes a plane turn?
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Horizontal lift.
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T or F. an inherintley stable airplane will require less effort to control.
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T
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What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?
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Location of the center of gravity with respect to the center of lift.
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define " forware cg limit"
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The forward cg limit is determined by the elevator's power to flare the aeroplane in a landing configuration.
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What causes an airplane to pitch down when power is reduced?
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the downwash of the elevators from the propellor is reduced.
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Loading an aircraft to the most aft cg will cause the plane to be.....
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less at all speeds.
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when does p-factor cause the plane to yaw to the left?
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at high angles of attack.
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T or F. Magnetic compass's are only accurate during straight and level flight.
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T
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The Pitot-Static system runs the ........
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Altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator.
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T or F. The Pitot tube provides impact pressure for the airspeed indicator only.
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T
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In the airspeed indicator, the white arc indicates the .......
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full flap operating range.
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Vso ( air speed indicator )
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lower limit stalling speed with landing gear and flaps in place.
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Vfe ( air speed indicator )
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max full flaps speed
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Green arc ( air speed indicator )
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Normal operation speed.
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Vs1 ( air speed indicator )
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stalling speed with flaps/gear up.
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Vno ( air speed indicator )
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max cruising speed in normal operation
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Yellow arc ( air speed indicator )
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safe speed in smooth air only
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yellow arc ( air speed indicator )
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caution color
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Vne(red) ( air speed indicator )
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bad( never exceed)
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Va ( most important, not shown, color ) ( air speed indicator )
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maneuvering speed.
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