Gross And Fine Anatomy Of Coronary Blood Vessels

Front 1

Name the two branches of the left coronary artery

Back 1

anterior interventricular artery (or left anterior descending artery) and left circumflex artery

Front 2

True or false... the left anterior descending artery travels in the coronary groove.

Back 2

False, it travels in the anterior interventricular sulcus/groove

Front 3

Which parts of the heart does the left anterior descending artery supply?

Back 3

most of the left ventricle, part of the right ventricle, anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum

Front 4

what does the circumflex artery often anastomose with?

Back 4

posterior interventricular artery

Front 5

true or false... the right coronary artery travels in the coronary (atrioventricular) groove

Back 5

true

Front 6

what does the right coronary artery supply?

Back 6

right atrium

Front 7

what supplies the inferior border of the heart?

Back 7

marginal artery (branch of RCA)

Front 8

Which artery supplies both ventricles and the posterior 1/3 of the IV septum?

Back 8

posterior interventricular artery (from RCA)

Front 9

True or false... the coronary sinus receives the great and middle cardiac veins at its left end and the small cardiac vein at its right end

Back 9

false, it receives the great cardiac at its left end and the middle and small at its right end.

Front 10

Where is the coronary sinus?

Back 10

in the posterior part of the coronary groove, running from left to right

Front 11

what does the circumflex artery supply?

Back 11

left atrium and part of the left ventricle

Front 12

where does the great cardiac vein begin?

Back 12

near the apex

Front 13

which artery/ies does the great cardiac vein travel with?

Back 13

it ascends with the left anterior descending then travels with the circumflex artery to the coronary sinus

Front 14

which part of the heart does the great cardiac vein drain?

Back 14

the area supplied by the left coronary artery i.e. left ventricle, left atrium, anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum and part of right ventricle

Front 15

which vein travels with the posterior interventricular artery?

Back 15

middle cardiac vein

Front 16

which artery does the small cardiac vein travel with?

Back 16

marginal branch of right coronary artery

Front 17

which vein/s drain the area of the heart supplied by the right coronary artery?

Back 17

the middle and small cardiac veins

Front 18

true or false... the venae cordis minimae begin in the capillary beds of the myocardium and open directly into the chambers of the heart, mainly the atria

Back 18

true

Front 19

do the venae cordis minimae have valves?

Back 19

no

Front 20

where are the superficial and deep cardiac plexuses located?

Back 20

anterior to the bifurcation of the trachea and posterior to the ascending aorta

Front 21

what does the intima of an artery consist of?

Back 21

single layer of endothelial cells resting on a basal lamina and loose connective tissue

Front 22

what type of cells are in the media?

Back 22

smooth muscle cells

Front 23

what is the adventitia composed of?

Back 23

longitudinally arranged collagenous tissue, some elastic fibres

Front 24

which type of arteries have a diameter greater than 1 cm?

Back 24

elastic arteries

Front 25

which arteries have the most prominent internal elastic membranes as part of the intima?

Back 25

muscular arteries

Front 26

how many layers of smooth muscle cells are there in the media of arterioles?

Back 26

1-2 layers

Front 27

which nerve gives parasympathetic supply to the heart?

Back 27

vagus

Front 28

the stimulation of which fibres results in inhibition of vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries?

Back 28

sympathetic

Front 29

what is the most anterior structure in the superior mediastinum?

Back 29

thymus

Front 30

in which part of the mediastinum is the azygos vein located?

Back 30

posterior mediastinum

Front 31

name the structures in the middle mediastinum

Back 31

heart, pericardium, roots of great vessels (SVC, IVC, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins), phrenic nerve

Front 32

where in the mediastinum is the oesophagus?

Back 32

superior and posterior mediastinum

Front 33

which two structures lie in both the superior and posterior mediastinum?

Back 33

oseophagus and thoracic duct

Front 34

at which level is the superior border of the heart?

Back 34

T4/5

Front 35

is the heart closer to the sternum or the vertebral column?

Back 35

sternum

Front 36

what forms the right border of the heart?

Back 36

right atrium

Front 37

name the muscles on the anterior wall of the right atrium

Back 37

pectinate muscles

Front 38

in which chamber of the heart is the crista terminalis located?

Back 38

right atrium

Front 39

true or false... the traberculae carnae are located in the right atrium

Back 39

false, they are in the right ventricle

Front 40

what is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

Back 40

retains heart in position, limits acute overdistension

Front 41

what is the epicardium?

Back 41

the visceral layer of serous pericardium

Front 42

what is the function of the serous pericardium?

Back 42

allows frictionless movement of the heart

Front 43

what is the endocardium blood supply?

Back 43

the blood inside the chambers

Front 44

which region of the heart is most vulnerable to ischaemia and infarct?

Back 44

subendocardial region

Front 45

true or false... most coronary blood flow occurs in systole

Back 45

false, it occurs in diastole

Front 46

which coronary artery supplies the sinoatrial node?

Back 46

60% of people - RCA
40% of people - LCA

Front 47

which part of the left ventricle is supplied by the right coronary artery?

Back 47

diaphragmatic surface

Front 48

which coronary artery supplies the atrioventricular node?

Back 48

left coronary artery

Front 49

where is the SA node located?

Back 49

junction of SVC and right atrium (at sulcus terminalis)

Front 50

where is the AV node located?

Back 50

posteroinferior region of interatrial septum (opening of coronary sinus)

Front 51

what is the intrinsic depolarisation rate of the AV node?

Back 51

50/min

Front 52

what is the spontaneous depolarisation rate of the bundle of His

Back 52

30/min

Front 53

regarding sensory innervation of the heart, which fibres travel with the vagus nerve and which travel with sympathetic fibres?

Back 53

reflexes travel with vagus, pain fibres travel with sympathetic fibres

Front 54

what innervates the parietal layer of serous pericardium and the fibrous pericardium?

Back 54

phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

Front 55

Where is the ligamentum arteriosum located?

Back 55

between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk

Front 56

what is the sympathetic supply to the heart?

Back 56

T1-4 via the sympathetic trunk

Front 57

what attaches the fibrous pericardium to the diaphragm?

Back 57

pericardiophrenic ligament

Front 58

what attaches the pericardium to the sternum?

Back 58

sternopericardial ligament

Front 59

what is the arterial supply to the pericardium?

Back 59

pericardiophrenic branch of internal thoracic artery

Front 60

which structures form the base of the heart?

Back 60

left atrium and part of the right atrium