Gross Anatomy Pharyngeal Arches Of The Head

Front 1

What do the face, pharyngeal arches, and surrounding structures develop from?

Back 1

Neural Crest Cells

Front 2

From what does the thyroid gland descend as it develops?

Back 2

its origin is the tongue, leaves the foramen cecum during its decent

Front 3

What can be the result of the failure of the obliteration of the cervical sinus?

Back 3

branchial sinus, cyst or fistula

Front 4

What are branchial sinuses?

Back 4

blind sacs that open at the skin of the neck (external sinus) or inside the pharynx (internal sinus)

Front 5

What are branchial cysts?

Back 5

isolated, fluid-filled sacs that do not open to either the skin or pharynx

Front 6

What is a branchial fistula?

Back 6

it connects the skin to the pharynx, it is open on both sides

Front 7

What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch develop in to?

Back 7

the inner portion of the ear and the pharyngotympanic (Eustacean) tube

Front 8

What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch develop in to?

Back 8

-It becomes a bed for the pharyngeal tonsil
-Immune tissue migrates to this site

Front 9

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch develop in to?

Back 9

-dorsal expansion -> inferior parathyroid gland
-ventral expansion -> thymus

Front 10

What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch develop in to?

Back 10

-dorsal expansion -> superior parathyroid gland
-ventral expansion -> ultimopharyngeal body (C-cells of thyroid gland)

Front 11

What does the 1st pharyngeal groove develop in to?

Back 11

external ear

Front 12

What do the 2nd-4th pharyngeal grooves develop in to?

Back 12

-cervical sinus -> dissapears, but may persist as a cervical cyst, sinus or fistula

Front 13

Where is the tongues motor innervation from?

Back 13

All motor to intrinsic tongue muscles is from CN XII

Front 14

What is the Anterior 2/3 of the tongue derived from?

Back 14

-derived from 1st pharyngeal arch - distal tongue buds
-sensation from CN V3
-taste from CN VII (Chorda Tympani)

Front 15

What is the posterior 1/3 of the tongue derived from?

Back 15

-derived from 3rd pharyngeal arch
-sensation and taste from CN IX

Front 16

What is the pharyngeal portion of the tongue derived from?

Back 16

-derived from 4th pharyngeal arch
-sensation and taste from CN X

Front 17

What is the truncus arteriosis?

Back 17

proximal part of the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Front 18

What does the aortic sac turn into?

Back 18

ascending aorta and right brachiocephalic trunk

Front 19

What happens to the 1st and 2nd aortic arches?

Back 19

Dissapear

Front 20

what happens to the 3rd aortic arch?

Back 20

becomes left and right common and internal carotid arteries

Front 21

What happens to the 4th aortic arch?

Back 21

-right -> part of the right subclavian artery
-left -> part of aortic arch

Front 22

What happens to the 5th aortic arch?

Back 22

It is nonexistant in humans

Front 23

What happens to the 6th aortic arch?

Back 23

becomes the pulmonary trunk
-right - right pulmonary artery
-left - left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus/ligamentum arteriosum

Front 24

What happens to the dorsal aorta?

Back 24

-right - part of the right subclavian artery
-left - arch of the aorta and descending aorta

Front 25

What would one find in First Rch Syndrome?

Back 25

There are several conditions that involve underdevelopment of first arch structures.
Will commonly see underdevelopment of the chin and external ear.

Front 26

What is agnathia?

Back 26

Failure of the mandible to form.
Will also see close set ears and temporal bones.
Is sometimes associated with cyclopia.

Front 27

What cranial nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 1, and what muscles does it innervate?

Back 27

-innervated by CN V
-innervates maxilla, mandible, malleus, incus
-also innervates the muscles of mastication: tensor palatini, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric muscles

Front 28

What cranial nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 2, and what muscles does it innervate?

Back 28

-innervated by CN VII
-Innervates the stapes, styloid, and part of the hyoid bone
-Also the muscles of facial expression: stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric muscles

Front 29

What cranial nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 3, and what muscles does it innervate?

Back 29

-innervated by CN IX
-innervates body and greater horn of hyoid bone
-also one pharyngeal muscle - stylopharangeus

Front 30

What cranial nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 4 and 6, and what muscles do they innervate?

Back 30

-innervated by CN X (6th arch by recurrent laryngeal of CN X)
-innervates laryngeal cartilages
-also pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles: swallowing and phonation

Front 31

What part of the face and palate does the 1st pharyngeal arch develop into?

Back 31

the maxillary process and the mandible

Front 32

What does the frontonasal prominence develop into?

Back 32

forehead, lateral nasal prominences, medial nasal prominences

Front 33

What do the right and left medial nasal prominences form when they fuse?

Back 33

The philtrum of the lip and incisor teeth and anterior portin of the hard palate

Front 34

What is formed when the lateral nasal prominences fuse with the maxillary processes?

Back 34

The nasolacrimal groove

Front 35

What is formed when the medial nasal prominences fuse with the maxillary processes?

Back 35

Continuity of the upper lip

Front 36

What occurs if the medial nasal prominences fail to fuse with the maxillary processes?

Back 36

results in a cleft lip (can be unilateral or bilateral)

Front 37

What forms the palate?

Back 37

Is formed when the lateral palatine processes zip together

Front 38

What does the lateral palatine process fuse with (other than itself)?

Back 38

The midline nasal septum, which extends inferiorly from the nasal septum

Front 39

What do failures in secondary palate formation cause?

Back 39

A cleft palate

Front 40

What are the auricles (external ears) formed from?

Back 40

form at the base of the neck from six auricular hillocks off of the 1st (1,2,3) and the 2nd (4,5,6)pharyngeal arches