Gross Anatomy Of The Respiratory System

Front 1

talk briefly about the development of the pulmonary system

Back 1

The ventral wall of the foregut grows a laryngotracheal diverticulum, which is then separated from the foregut by the tracheoesophageal septum.
Ventral to the septum is the laryngotracheal tube – the primordium of the lower respiratory system.
Dorsal to the septum is the primordium of the oropharynx and esophagusq

Front 2

talk briefly about the pleural cavities

Back 2

Two on either side of the mediastinum
Do not communicate with each other.
Extend superiorly above rib 1 into the root of the neck and inferiorly just below the costal margin.

Front 3

talk briefly about the different pleura in the thorax

Back 3

Visceral pleura lines the lungs and reflects off the hilum to line the pleural cavity as parietal pleura.
Parietal pleura has sections
Costal – lines the ribs
Diaphragmatic – lines the diaphragm
Mediastinal part – lines the mediastinum
Cervical pleura – lines the apical extension above rib 1
Diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura are innervated by the phrenic nerve while the costal pleura is innervated by intercostal nerves.
The parietal pleura is very sensitive to pain receptors, while the visceral pleura has stretch receptors.
Pleural Recesses
Costodiaphragmatic recess
Costomediastinal recess

Front 4

surface anatomy of the lungs
lungs have:

Back 4

Base – Sits on the diaphragm
Apex – Projects above rib 1
Costal Surface
Mediastinal surface
Anterior, posterior, and inferior borders.

Front 5

The oblique fissure of the right lung begins at the head of the ____ and follows the ____ anteriorly.

Back 5

5th rib
6th rib

Front 6

The horizontal fissure runs from the oblique fissure at the midaxillary line of the ____ and runs forward at the ____.

Back 6

6th rib
4th ICS.

Front 7

The oblique fissure of the left lung follows the line of the ___.

Back 7

6th rib

Front 8

what is in the hilum?

Back 8

1 Pulmonary Artery
2 Pulmonary Veins (inferior)
Main Bronchus
Bronchial Vessels
Nerves
Lymphatics
In the right hilum, the pulmonary artery is anterior to the bronchus. In the left hilum, the pulmonary artery is superior to the bronchus.

RALS

Front 9

what is the bronchial tree

Back 9

The trachea extends from the cricoid cartilage (C6) to T 4-5 where it bifurcates into right and left main stem bronchi.
The right main bronchus is wider and more vertical causing inhaled objects to enter here more so than on the left.
Main bronchi separate into lobar (secondary) bronchi and each one feeds its own lobe.
Lobar bronchi separate into segmental bronchi and each one feeds its own bronchopulmonary segment. Each segment has its own pulmonary artery branch.

Front 10

bronchopulmonary segments...

Back 10

Segments are functionally and anatomically separate and act as independent respiratory units of the lung.
There are 10 in each lung.
Each segment is fed by a segmental bronchus, a branch of the pulmonary artery, and a bronchial artery.
Pulmonary veins are intersegmental because their tributaries run between the segments.
Clinical importance of this anatomical feature:
Resection – Since it is an functionally independent region, it can be removed without affecting neighboring segments.
Auscultation

Front 11

talk about bronchial circulation

Back 11

Nutritive circulation for the bronchial walls & glands, walls of large vessels, and visceral pleura.
Originates from branches of the thoracic aorta:
Right bronchial artery
2 left bronchial arteries
The bronchial arteries run on the posterior surfaces of the bronchi.
The bronchial veins drain into the azygos vein on the right and hemiazygos or the superior intercostal vein on the left.

Front 12

lymphatics of the resp system

Back 12

Intrapulmonary nodes -> Bronchopulmonary nodes -> Tracheobronchial nodes -> Paratracheal nodes -> Brachiocephalic nodes -> bronchomediastinal trunks. These trunks drain into deep veins of the neck, right lymphatic duct, or thoracic duct on the left.