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65 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The innominate/brachocephalic artery
Arises on the right only; it is the first branch off of the aortic arch.
Divides into the right common carotid and subclavian arteries
The left common carotid artery
is the second branch off of the aortic arch
terminates at the carotid bifurcation
The left subclavian artery
is the third branch off of the aortic arch. Terminates at the thoracic outlet.
Subclavian Artery
The subclavian artery becomes the axillary as it travels along the shoulder to the upper arm
it arches above the clavicle, in front of the apex of the lung and behind the scalenus anterior muscle
Subclavian artery
it runs laterally and downward to the outer border of the first rib; there it becomes the axillary artery
its most important branches are the vertebral, thyrocervical, internal thoracic, and costocervical arteries
The Axillary artery becomes the brachial after giving off seven branches
superior artery
thoracic artery
thoracocoacromial artery
lateral thoracic artery
subscapular artery
anterior and posterior humeral artery
thorocodorsal artery
The brachial artery courses down the upper arm, ending about 1 cm beyond the bend of the elbow where it divides into
the radial and ulnar ateries
the antecubital fossa is
a triangular region located anterior to and below the elbow
The radial artery
originates from the brachial artery and travels down the lateral side of the forearm into the hand
branches of the radial artery
gives off a branch in the hand to form the superficial palmar arch and terminates in the deep palmar arch of the hand by joining the deep branch of the ulnar artery
The ulnar artery
originates from the brachial artery and travels down the medial side of the forearm into the hand
Branches of the Ulnar artery
deep palmar branch and then terminates in the superficial palmar arch
The superficial palmar arch (volar) consists of the
deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery and the distal portion of the radial artery
The digital arteries
arise from the palmar arches
extend into the fingers/toes
divide into lateral and medial branches
Ascending aorta
arises from the left ventricle
has 2 branches, the right and left coronary arteries
The aortic arch
formed by the ascending aorta
descending thoracic aorta
extends downward from the aortic arch to just above the diaphragm
Major visceral branches of the abdominal aorta
Celiac artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Renal arteries
inferior mesenteric artery
Celiac artery
feeds the stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, and spleen
Celiac artery branches
left gastric
splenic
common hepatic arteries
The Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)
feeds the small intestines, cecum, ascending colon, and part of the transverse colon
SMA
located approximately 1 cm distal to the celiac artery.
SMA and Celiac artery
Occasionally share a common truck
Renal Arteries
supply blood to the kidneys, suprarenal glands, and ureters. Can sometimes have multiple renal arteries bilaterally
Left Renal artery
a common landmark to located the left renal artery is the left renal vein which crosses the aorta anteriorly and is positioned superior to the artery
Right renal artery
courses underneath the inferior vena cava (IVC)
Inferior Mesenteric artery
supplies the left half of the transverse colon, the descending, iliac, and sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum
Inferior Mesenteric artery (IMA)
arises from the distal abdominal aorta approximately 3-4 cm above the arortic bifurcation and can act as a collateral connection
Major parietal branches of the abdominal aorta
Inferior phrenic artery
lumbar arteries
middle sacral artery
Terminal branches of the Abdominal Aorta (AA)
Left Common iliac artery
Right Common iliac artery
Right and Left Iliac Arteries
carry blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall, and lower limbs
Branches of the Common iliac arteries
internal (hypogastric) iliac arteries
external iliac arteries
Internal Iliac arteries
3-4 cm in length
they descend into the pelvis and divided into two vessels
Branches of the internal iliac arteries
anterior and posterior internal iliac arteries they bifurcate at the upper margin of the greater sciatic foramen
Internal iliac arteries
provide arterial inflow to the pelvic wall, gluteal muscle, pelvic viscera, thigh, and perineum. some of these branches anastomose with other arterial branches and can provide collateral flow when necessary.
External iliac arteries
essentially continuous of the corresponding common iliac artery. they are larger than the internal iliac artery in adults.
External iliac artery pathways
travels in the lateral and inferior direction along the medial side of the psoas major muscle. when it passes underneath the inguinal ligament, the external iliac becomes the common femoral artery
Inferior epigastric artery
arises from the external iliac just above the inguinal ligament supplying vessels to the abdominal muscles and skin
the deep circumflex iliac artery
arises from the lateral aspect of the external iliac near the inginal ligament and supplies abdominal muscles
Both External iliac branches
anastomose with other arterial branches can serve as collateral connections when necessary
Common Femoral Artery (CFA) branches
Superficial femoral artery
Deep femoral artery
popliteal artery
Superficial femoral artery (SFA)
runs the length of the thigh and enters the popliteal fossa behind the knee
Hunter's/Adductor Canal
Created by the confluence of the guadriceps and adductor muscles in the mid to distal thigh.
It is the channel for the femoral vessels
Hunter's/adductor Canal
a landmark for the point at which the superficial femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery
The Deep Femoral Artery (profunda femoris)
a large branch and arises approximately 5 cm from teh inguinal ligament on the lateral side. it can act as a collateral connection.
Popliteal artery
is a distal continuation of the superficial femoral artery
branches of the popliteal artery
anterior tibial artery
tibioperoneal trunk
Tibioperoneal trunk branches
posterior tibial artery
peroneal artery
Anterior tibial artery (ATA)
first branch of the distal popliteal artery
passes superficial to the interosseous membrane and runs deep in the front of the leg along the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane
Distal Anterior tibial artery
it courses toward the anterior aspect of the tibia and becomes the Dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) as it passes in front of the ankle joint
Dorsalis Pedis Artery (DPA)
Forms 2 branches:
First Dorsal Metatarsal and Deep Plantar Arteries
Plantar Arch of the Foot
Deep plantar artery penetrates into the sole of the foot uniting with the lateral plantar artery to form the arch
Posterior Tibial Artery
Extends obliquely down the posterior and medial side of the leg. It is commonly referred to as one of the two branches of the tibioperoneal trunk
Posterior Tibial Artery (PTA)
Divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries in the foot below the medal malleolus, to supply the sole of the foot
Peroneal Artery
arises at the distal end of the peroneal truck, passes toward the fibula and travels down the medial side of the bone to supply structures in the lateral side of the leg and the calcaneal region of the foot
Digital arteries
the plantar arch and the lateral plantar artery and the dorsal metatarsal arteries distribute blood into the digits
Capillaries
are vessels of micro circulation
are not much more than a millimeter long
are 8-10 microns in diameter (about the same as a red blood cell)
Flow quality is stead with low flow velocity
Have walls that consist of endothelial cells forming a layer on cell thick
form vast networks with a total surface area of about 1.5 acres or 6,000 square meters
are supplied by arteries which transport gases nutrients and other essential substances to the capillary beds.
capillaries
constitute a most vital part of the circulatory system it is through the walls of the capillaries that nutrients and waste products are exchanged between tissue and blood to maintain the constancy of the internal environment. it has been said that all other circulatory system organs exist only to serve the capillary beds
Microscopic anatomy of the arterial wall
function is to transport blood and gases, nutrients, and other essential substances it contains away from the heart and out to the tissues
3 Layers of arterial Walls
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa (adventitia)
Tunic Intima
The innermost layer of the arterial wall, is thin, and consists of a surface layer of smooth endothelium over a base membrane and connective tissue
Tunic Media
intermediate layer of the arterial wall, is thicker and composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, largely of the elastic type these components are usually arranged in a circular pattern
Tunica externa (adventitia)
outer layer of the arterial wall somewhat thinner than the media and contains white fibrous connective tissue and at times a few smooth muscle fibers all arranged longitudinally. The adventitial layer usually contains the vaso vasorum.
Vaso vasorum
tiny vessels that carry blood to the walls of the larger arteries
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What is this structure?
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What is this structure?
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Artery
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Vein
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