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177 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the nervous system divided into? |
*Central Nervous System (CNS) *Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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What is part of the CNS? |
Brain and spinal cord |
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What does the brain and spinal cord do? |
*Interpret integrate and stimuli *Generate Motor Response |
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What is contained in the PNS? |
Spinal and cranial nerves |
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What do the spinal and cranial nerves do? |
Link the body to the CNS |
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About how many sensory neurons are there? |
About 10 million |
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What do sensory neurons do |
Deliver information to CNS |
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About how many motor neurons are there? |
About 1/2 million |
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What do motor neurons do? |
Deliver commands from CNS |
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About how many interneurons are there in the body? |
About 20 million |
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What do interneurons do |
*Interpret *Integrate *Coordinate a response |
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What is A for? |
CNS |
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What is B for? |
PNS |
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What is a simple path of sensory receptor to effector muscle |
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What is a path from the sense organs to the affarent and to different autonomic pathways |
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What is A? |
Cerebral Hemisphere |
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What is B? |
Cerebellum |
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What is C? |
Spinal Cord |
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What is D? |
3rd Ventricle |
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What is E? |
Corpus Callosum |
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What is F? |
Pituitary Gland |
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What is G? |
Pons |
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What is H? |
Medulla |
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What is A? |
Longitudinal Fissure |
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What is B? |
Precentral gyrus |
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What is C? |
Central Fissure |
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What is D? |
Postcentral gyrus |
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What is E? |
Lateral Fissure |
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What is F? |
Superior Temporal Gyrus |
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What is G? |
Cerebellum |
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What is H? |
Postcentral Gyrus |
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What is I? |
Central Fissure |
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What is J? |
Postcentral gyrus |
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What lobe is somatic movement with |
Frontal |
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What lobe is sensation mainly with |
Parietal |
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What is optic radiation?> |
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What are the three meninges |
*Pia mater (Inner) *Arachnoid mater (Middle) *Dura mater (Outer) |
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Where do meninges surround? |
The brain and entire CNS |
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What is A? |
Tentorial notch |
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What is B? |
Falx cerebelli |
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What is C? |
Tentorium Cerebelli |
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What is D? |
Falx Cerebri |
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What is A? |
Dural Venous Sinus |
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Do meninges continue throughout the entire CNS? |
Yes |
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What does cerebrospinal fluid (cSF) contain? |
Wastes, nutrients, dissolved gases |
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Where can CSF be found |
In the subarachnoid space |
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What does the CSF do? |
Bathes brian and provides support. (The brain is not attached to the skull and is just kind of floating there os it provides support and protection when bangs head) |
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Will anything that affect CSF effect the rest of the body? |
Yes |
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Which set is normal and which set is abnormal and why? |
Top set is abnormal because higher pressure in the CSF that is pressing against the nerve causing it to be swollen |
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About how long is the spinal cord in the adult? |
About 18 inches (45 cm) long |
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About how wide is the spinal cord in the adult |
1/2 inch (14 mm) wide |
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Where does the spinal cord end? |
Between vertebrae L1 and L2 |
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What is the Cauda equina and is it still filled with CSF? |
It is the end of the spinal cord and it IS still filled with cSF |
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Where can you sample CSF without damage to the psinal cord (do a spinal tap)? |
Line between the 2 iliac crest is a good landmark for a spinal tap |
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How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have? |
31 |
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How many cervical nerves do we have |
8 (c1 to C8) |
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How many thoracic nerves do we have? |
12 (T1 to T12( |
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How many lumbar nerves do we have? |
5 (L1 to L5) |
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How many sacral nerves do we have? |
5 (S1 to S5) |
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How many coccygeal nerves do we have? |
1 (Co or Cx) |
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How do we name the spinal nerves until C7 (from C7 up) |
Carry name of the inferior vertebrae |
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How do we name spinal nerves below C7 |
For the vertebrae above it |
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Where do spinal nerves emerge from |
Intervertebral foramen |
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What is A? |
Nucleus Pulposus |
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What is B? |
Spinal cord in spinal canal |
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What is C? |
Anulus Fibrosus |
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What is D? |
Compressed Nerve Root |
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Can discs herniate out onto nerve root? |
Yes, it is a rediculopathy |
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What are the spinal nerves made up of? |
Doral root and ventral root |
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Does the ventral root have axons of the motor or the sensory neurons |
Motor |
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Does the dorsal root have axons of the sesnory or the motor neurons? |
Sensory |
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What is the dorsal root ganglia |
Cell bodies of sensory neurons |
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What to dorsal and ventral roots join to form |
(Mixed) spinal nerve |
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What is A? |
Ventral Root |
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What is B? |
Dorsal Root |
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What is C? |
(Mixed) spinal nerve |
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What does the spinal nerve immediately split into |
Rami |
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Does the ramis contain motor, sensory or both motor and sensory neurons? |
Both |
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Where does the posterior (dorsal) ramus innervate to? |
Skin and muscles of the posterior trunk |
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What does the anterior (ventral) ramus innervate to |
Forms network (plexus) for the limbs |
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What is a plexus |
A network of ventral rami that exchange fibers *Crisscross & Redistribute *Mainly innervate the limbs |
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Do thoracic ventral rami form nerve plexuses? |
No |
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What are cervical enlargements? |
Nerves of shoulders and upper limbs |
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What are lumbar enlargements? |
Nerves of pelvis and lower limbs |
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What do peripheral nerves contain |
Fibers from multiple spinal segments |
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Phrenic Nerve |
Innerates the diaphragm |
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What do the rami communicantes communicate with |
Sympathetic ganglia |
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What is A? |
Sympathetic Chain |
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What is B? |
Rami Communicantes |
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What is C? |
Sympathetic Chain Ganglion |
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What is A? |
Sympathetic Chain |
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What is B? |
Rami Communicantes |
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What is C? |
Sympathetic Ganglion |
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Where do cranial nerves emerge? |
Directly from brainstem |
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How many pairs of cranial nerves do we have? |
12 |
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How many total cranial nerves? |
24 |
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What are the cranial nerves? |
I Olfactory II Optic III Oculomotor IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Accessory XII Hypoglossal |
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What is A? |
Olfactory Bulb |
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What is B? |
Olfactory Tract |
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What is C? |
Optic Tract |
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What is D? |
Vestibulocochlear |
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What is E? |
Hypoglossal |
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What is F? |
Vagus Nerv |
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What is G? |
Olfactory Nerve |
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What is H? |
Optic Nerve |
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What is I? |
Oculomotor Nerve |
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What is J? |
Trochlear |
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What is K? |
Trigeminal Nerve |
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What is L? |
Abducens |
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What is M? |
Facial |
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What is N? |
Glossopharyngeal |
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What is O? |
Accessory Nerve |
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Where does the olfactory nerve exit the skull |
Cribiform plate |
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Where does the optic nerve exit the skull |
Optic canal |
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Where does the oculomotor exit the skull? |
Superior orbital fissure |
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Where does the trochlear nerve exit the skull |
Superior Orbital Fissure |
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Where does the trigeminal - Opthalmic branch exit the skull? |
Superior Orbital Fissure |
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Where does the trigeminal - Maxillary branch exit the skull |
Foramen Rotundum |
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Where does the trigeminal nerve - Mandibular branch exit the skull? |
Foramen Ovale |
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Where does the abducens nerve exit the skull |
Superior Orbital Fissure |
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Where does the facial nerve exit the skull |
Internal acoustic meatus |
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Where does the vestibulocochelar nerve exit the skull |
Internal acoustic meatus |
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Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull |
Jugular Foramen |
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Where does the vagus nerve exit the skull |
Jugular foramen |
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Where does the Spinal accessory nerve exit the skull |
Jugular Foramen |
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Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull? |
Hypoglossal Canal |
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The the olfactoyr nerve really a nerve |
More like a nerve tract |
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What is the olfactory nerve for |
Smell |
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What happens if the cribiform plate breaks |
Since it is fragile, in head trauma is can break so can loose smell Additionally, dura covers the nerves so if the cribiform breaks the CSF can run out and if dura damaged bacteria can get in and get to the brain because lots of bacteria in nose |
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What is the optic nerve for |
Sight |
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What is the oculomotor nerve for |
Move extrinsic and intrisic eye muscles |
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What muscles does the oculomotor nerve not move? |
*Superior oblique *Lateral Rectus |
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What is A? |
Superior Orbital Fissure |
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What is B? |
Cavernous Sinus |
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What is C? |
Nucleus |
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What is A? |
Superior Divison of the Oculmotor Nerve |
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What is B? |
Inferior Divison of the Oculomotr Nerve |
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What is C? |
Ciliary Ganglion |
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What is the ciliary ganglion |
Oculomotor motor synapses with this ganglion and then it goes into the eye |
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Is the oculomotor nerve, parasympathetic or sympathetic? |
Parasympathetic |
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Is the oculomotor nerve parasympathetic to the intrinsic or extrinsic eye muscles |
Intrinsic |
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What are the intrinsic eye muscles that the oculomtor is parasympathetic to? |
Pupillary sphincter Cilliary muscle |
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What is the trochlear for? |
To the superior oblique muscle |
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Does the trochlear nerve has a long or short intra-cranial course? |
Long |
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Does the trochlear nerve exit the brainstem dorsally or ventrally |
Dorsally |
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Is it easy to damage the trochlear |
Yes, because such a long pathway |
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What is the motor branch of the trigeminal for |
Muscles of mastication |
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What is the sensory branches for the trigeminal nerve for |
*Opthalmic (Sensory around eyes) *Maxillary (sensory of upper jaw and teeth) *Mandibular (Sensory of lower jaw and teeth) |
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What is the area of the opthalmic division? |
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What is the area of the maxillary division? |
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What is the area of the mandibular division? |
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What is the facial sensory innverations like? |
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What does the abducens nerve do |
Innervate the lateral rectus muscle |
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Does the abudences also travel a long path? |
Yes |
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What is A? |
Cavernous Sinus |
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What is B? |
Abducent Nerve (Sixth Nerve) |
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What area does the abducens nerve run? |
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What kind of consequence can occur from where the abducens nerve runs? |
Could be pinched which would lead to double vision |
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Is the facial nerve sensory, motor or mixed |
Mixed |
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What does facial nerve innervate for motor? |
Muscles of facial xpression |
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What muscles does facial innervate |
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Draw out where on body, facial nerve innervates |
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What is the vestibulocochlear Nerve for? |
Vestibular sense and hearing |
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What sensory does Facial nerve innervate |
Taste to the anterior 2/3 of tongue |
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What is A? |
Chora Tympani |
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What does glossopharyngeal innervate for? |
*Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue *Visceral sensations (from throat IE gag reflex( *Motor to stylopharyngeus muscle (assists with swallowing) *Parasympathetic to parotid gland |
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What is the vagus nerve for? |
Motor to pharynx and larynx |
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Where does the vagus run down |
The neck i nthe carotid sheath (Runs down in the sheath with the jugular vein and cartoid artery |
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What is A? |
Right Vagus Nerve |
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What is B? |
Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve |
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What is D? |
Left Vagus Nerve |
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What is E? |
Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve |
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What does the right vagus nerve loop under |
Subclavian |
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What does the left vagus nerve loop under |
Aorta |
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What does the vagus nerve give parasympathetic innervation to? |
*Respiratory tract *Digestive Tract (upt to the second third of the large intestine) |
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What does the accessory nerve do |
Motor to: -Sternocleidomastoid -Trapezius |
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What does the hypoglossal nerve do? |
Motor to tongue muscle |
