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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A 32-year-old patient who weighs 275 lb comes to the doctors office. On the surface of the chest, the physician is able to locate the apex of the heart:
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In the left fifth intercostal space
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A 43-year-old female patient has been lying down on the hospital bed for more than 4 months. Her normal, quiet expiration is achieved by contraction of which of the following structures?
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Elastic tissue in the lungs and thoracic wall
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A 27-year-old cardiac patient with an irregular heartbeat visits her doctor's office for examination. Where should the physician place the stethoscope to listen to the sound of the mitral valve?
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In the left fifth intercoastal space at the midclavicular line
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A 19-year-old man cdame to the emergency department, and his angiogram exhibiited that he was bleeding from the vein that is accompanied by the posterior interventricular artery. Which of the following veins is most likely to be ruptured?
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Middle cardiac vein
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A 37-year-old patient with palpitation was exained by her physician, and one of the diagnostic records included a posterior-anterior chest radiograph. Which of the following comprises the largest portion of the sternocostal surface of the heart seen on the radiograph?
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Right ventricle
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A 5-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of difficulty breathing (dysapnea), palpitations and shortness of breath. Doppler study of the heart reveals an atrial septal defect (ASD). This malformation usually results from incomplete closure of which of the following embryonic structures?
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Foramen ovale
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A 54-year-old patient is implated with an artificial pacemaker. Which of the following conductive tissues had a defective function that required the pacemaker?
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Sinoatrial node (SA)
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A thoracic surgeon removed the right middle lobar (secondary) bronchus along the lung tissue from a 57-year-old heavy smoker with lung cancer. Which of the following bronchopulmonary segments must contain cancerous tissue?
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Medial and lateral
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The bronchogram of a 45-year-old female smoker shows the presence of a tumor in the eparterial bronchus. Which airway is most likely blocked?
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Right superior bronchus
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An 83-year-old man with a typical coronary circulation has been suffering from an embolism of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. This condition would result in ischemia of which of the following areas of the heart?
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Posterior part of the left ventricle
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A 44-year-old man with a stab wound was brought to the emergency department, and a physician found that the patient was suffering from a laceration of his right phrenic nerve. Which of the following conditions has likely occured?
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Loss of sensation in the fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura
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An 8-year-old boy with ASD presents to a pediatrician. This congenital heart defect shunts blod from the left atrium to the right atrium and causes hypertrophy of the right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. Which of the following veins opens into the hypertrophied atrium?
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Anterior cardiac vein
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A 37-year-old patient with severe chest pain, shortness of breath, and congestive heart failure was admitted to a local hospital. His coronary angiograms reveal a thrombosis in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. which of the following conditions could result from the blockage of blood flow in the circumflex branch?
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Mitral valve insufficiency
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A 75-year-old patient has been suffering from lung cancer located near the cardiac notch, a deep indentation on the lung. Which of the following lobes is most likely to be excised?
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Superior lobe of the left lung
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a thoracentesis is performed to aspirate an abnormal accumulation of fluid in a 37-year-old patient with pleural effusion. A needle should be inserted at the midaxillary line between which of the following two ribs so as to avoid puncturing the lung?
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Ribs 7 and 9
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A newborn baby is readmitted to the hospital with hypoxia and upon testing is found to have pulmonary stenosis, transposition of the aorta, interventricular setal defect and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. Which of the following is best described by these symptoms?
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Tetrology of Fallot
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A 33-year-old patient is suffering from a sudden occulsion at teh origin of the descending (thoracic) aorta. This condition would most likely decrease blood flow in which of the following intercostal arteries?
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Lower six posterior
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A 56-year-old patient recently suffered a myocardial infarction in the area of the apex of the heart. The occlusion by atherosclerosis is in which of the following arteries?
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Anterior interventricular artery
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A 75-year-old woman was admitted to a local hospital, and brochograms and radiographs reveal a lung carcinoma i her left lung. Which of the following structures or characteristics does the cancerous lung contain?
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Lingula
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an 18-ear-old girl is thrust into the steering wheel while driving and experiences difficulty in expiration. Which of the following muscles is most likely damaged?
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Muscles of the abdominal wall
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A 23 year old man received a gunshot wound, and his greater splanchnic nerve was destroyed. Which nerve fibers would be injured?
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GVA and preganglionic sympathetic fibers
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A 17 year old boy was involved in a gang fight and a stab wound severed the white rami communicantes at the level of his sixth thoracic vertebra. This injury would result in degeneration of nerve cell bodies in which of the following structures?
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Dorsal root ganglion and lateral horn of the spinal cord
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A 75-year-old patient has been suffering from lung cancer located near the cardiac notch, a deep indentation on the lung. Which of the following lobes is most likely excised?
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Superior lobe of the left lung
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A 78-year-old patient presents with an advanced cancer in the posterior mediastinum. the surgeons are in a dilemma as to how to manage the condition. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?
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Hemiazygos vein
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A 46-year-old patient comes to his doctor's office and complains of chest pain and headache. His computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a tumor located just superior to the root of the right lung. Blood flow in which of the following veins is most likely blocked by this tumor?
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Arch of the azygos vein
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A 21-year-old patient with a stab wound reveals a laceration of the right vagus nerve proximal to the origin of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Which of the following conditions would most likely result from this lesion?
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Dilation of the bronchial lumen
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A 5-year-old boy with breathing difficulty, chest pain and cough was admitted to a local hospital. The pediatrician who examined the boy, along with laboratory results, diagnosed the child as having cystic fibrosis. Which of the following structures is most likely blocked?
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Terminal bronchioles
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A 12-year-old boy was admitted to a local hospital with a known history of heart problems. His left ventricular hypertrophy could result from which of the following conditions?
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Stenosis of the aorta
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A 31-year-old man was involved in a severe automobile accident and suffered laceration of the left primary bronchus. The damaged primary bronchus:
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Is longer than the right primary bronchus
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A 62-year-old woman who is a heavy smoker has an advanced lung cancer that spread into her right third intercostal space posterior to the midaxillary line. If cancer cells are carried in the venous drainage, they would travel first to which of the following veins?
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Right superior intercostal vein
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A radiologist examines posterior-anterior chest radiographs of a 27-year-old victim of a car accident. Which of the following structures forms the right border of the cardiovascular silhouette?
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SVC
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A 37-year-old man is brought to the emergency department complaining of severe chest pain. His angiogram reveals thromboses of both brachiocephalic veins. This condition would most likely cause a dilation of which of the following veins?
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Left superior intercostal
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A cardiologist is on clinical round with her medical students. She asks them, "During the cardiac cycle, which of the following events occurs?"
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Blood flow in coronary arteries is maximal during diastole
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Coronary angiographs of a 44-year-old male patient reveal an occlusion of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. This patient has been suffering from myocardial infarction in which of the following areas?
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Left atrium and ventricle
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a patient has a small but solid tumor in the mediastinum, which is confimed at the level of the sternal angle. Which of the following structures would most likely be found at this level?
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Bifurcation of the trachea
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a 37-year old house painter fell from a ladder and fractures his left third rib and the structures with which it articulated. Which of the following structures would most likely be damaged?
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Body of the second thoracic vertebra
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A 45-year-old woman presents with a tumor confined to the posterior mediastinum. this could result in compression of which of the following structures?
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Descending aorta
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A 62-year-old patient with pericardial effusion comes to a local hospital for aspiration fo the pericardial fluid by pericardiocentesis. The needle is inserted into the pericardial cavity through which of the following intercostal spaces adjacent to the sternum?
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Left fifth intercostal space
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The attending faculty in the coronary intensive care unit demonstates to his students a normal heart examination. The first heart sound is produced by near-simultaneous closure of which of the following valves?
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Tricuspid and mitral
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A 27-year-old patient with Marfan's syndrome has an aneurysm of the aortic arch. This may compress which of the following structures?
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Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
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A 47-year-old man with a knwn atrial fibrilation returns to see his cardiologist for follow-up of his cardiac health. The right atrium is important in this case because it:
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Contains the SA node
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A 57-year-old patient has a heart murmur resulting from the inability to maintain constant tension on the cusps of the AV valve. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?
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Chordae tendineae
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A mother with diabetes gives birth to baby who is diagnosed as having dextroposition of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk with cyanosis and shortness of breath. Which of the following structures is required to remain patent until surgical correction of the deformity?
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Ductus arteriosus
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During early development of the respiratory system, the laryngotracheal tube maintains commication with the primitive foregut. Whch fo the followint embryonic structures is most likely responsible for partitioning these two embryonic structures?
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Tracheoesophageal septum
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A 32-year-old patient has a tension pneumothroax that can be treated with needle aspiration. To avoid injury of the intercostal neurovascular bundle, the needle may be inserted in which of the following locations?
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Above the upper border of the ribs
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A 9-month-old girl was admitted to the children's hospital with tachypnea (fast breathing) and shortness of breath. Physical examination further exhibits tachycardia (fast heart rate), a bounding peripheral pulse, and her angiographs reveal a patent ductus arteriosus. Which of the following embryonic arterial structures is most likely responsible for the origin of the patent ductus arteriosus?
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Left sixth arch
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A 7-day-old baby is diagnosed as having congenital neonatal emphysema, which is caused by collapsed bronchi because of failure of bronchial cartilage development. Bronchial cartilages are derived from which of the the following derivations?
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Mesoderm
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