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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A 32 year old patient who weighs 275 pounds comes to the doctor's office. On the surface of the chest, the physician is able to locate the apex of the heart:
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In the left fifth intercostal space
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A 43 year old female patient has been lying down on the hospital bed for more than 4 months. Her normal, quiet expiration is achieved by contraction of which of the following structures?
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Elastic tissue in the lungs and thoracic wall
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A 23 year old man received a gunshot wound, and his greater splanchnic nerve was destroyed. Which of the following nerve fibers would be injured?
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GVA and preganglionic sympathetic fibers
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A 17 year old boy was involved in a gang fight, and a stab wound severed the white rami communicantes at the level of his sixth thoracic vertebra. This injury would result in degeneration of nerve cell bodies in which of the following structures?
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Dorsal root ganglion and lateral horn of the spinal cord
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A 27 year old cardiac patient with an irregular heartbeat visits her doctor's office for examination. Where should the physician place the stethoscope to listen to the sound of the mitral valve?
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In the left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line
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A 19 year old man came to the emergency department, and his angiogram exhibited that he was bleeding from the vein that is accompanied by the posterior interventricular artery. Which of the following veins is most likely to be ruptured?
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Middle cardiac vein
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A 37 year old patient with palpitation was examined by her physician, and one of the diagnostic records included a posterior-anterior chest x-ray film. Which of the following comprises the largest portion of the sternocostal surface of the heart seen on the radiograph?
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Right ventricle
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A 7 year old boy has a damaged interventricular septum. Which of the following valves is most likely defective?
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Tricuspid valve
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A 54 year old patient is implanted with an artificial cardiac pacemaker. Which of the following conductive tissues of the heart had a defective function that required the pacemaker?
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Sinoatrial (SA) node
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A thoracic surgeon removed the right middle lobar (secondary) bronchus along with lung tissue from a 57 year old heavy smoker with lung cancer. Which of the following bronchopulmonary segments must contain cancerous tissues?
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Medial and lateral
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The bronchogram of a 45 year old female smoker shoes the presence of a tumor in the eparterial bronchus. Which airway is most likely blocked?
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Right superior bronchus
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An 83 year old man with a typical coronary circulation has been suffering from an embolism of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. This condition would result in ischemia of which of the following areas of the heart?
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Posterior part of the left ventricle
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A 44 year old man with a stab wound was brought to the emergency department, and a physician found that the patient was suffering from a laceration of his right phrenic nerve. Which of the following conditions has likely occured?
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Loss of sensation in the fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura
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An 8 year old boy with atrial septal defect presents to a pediatrician. This congenital heart defect shunts blood from the left atrium to the right atrium and causes hypertrophy of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary trunk. Which of the following veins opens into the hypertrophied atrium?
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Anterior cardiac vein
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A 37 year old patient with a severe chest pain, shortness of breath, and congestive heart failure was admitted to a local hospital. His coronary angiograms reveal a thrombosis in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Which of the following conditions could result from the blockage of blood flow in the circumflex branch?
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Mitral valve insufficiency
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A 75 year old patient has been suffering from lung cancer located near the cardiac notch, a deep indentation on the lung. Which of the following lobes is most likely to be excised?
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Superior lobe of the left lung
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A thoracentesis is performed to aspirate an abnormal accumulation of fluid in a 37 year old patient with pleural effusion. A needle should be inserted at the midaxillary line between which of the following two ribs so as to avoid puncturing the lung?
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Ribs 7 and 9
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A 6 year old boy with tetralogy of Fallot shows pulmonary setnosis and right ventricular hypertrophy in addition to other symptoms. Which of the following structures is likely to be found in the hypertrophied heart chamber?
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Septomarginal trabecula
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A 33 year old patient is suffering from a sudden occlusion at the origin of the descending (thoracic) aorta. This condition would most likely decrease blood flow in which of the following intercostal arteries?
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Lower nine posterior
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A 56 year old patient recently suffered a myocardial infarction in the area of the apex of the heart. The occlusion by atherosclerosis is in which of the following arteries?
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Anterior interventricular artery
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A 75 year old woman was admitted to a local hospital, and bronchograms and radiographs revealed a lung carcinoma in her left lung. Which of the following structures or characteristics does the cancerous lung contain?
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Lingula
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An 18 year old girl is thrust into the steering wheel while driving and experiences difficulty in expiration. Which of the following muscles is most likely damaged?
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Muscles of the abdominal wall
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A 78 year old patient presents with an advanced cancer in the posterior mediastinum. The surgeons are in a dilemma as to how to manage the condition. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?
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Hemiazygos vein
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A 46 year old patient comes to this doctor's office and complains of chest pain and headache. His computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a tumor located just superior to the root of the right lung. Blood flow in which of the following veins is most likely blocked by this tumor?
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Arch of the azygos vein
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A 21 year old patient with a stab wound reveals a laceration of the right vagus nerve proximal to the origin of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Which of the following conditions would most likely result from this lesion?
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Dilation of the bronchial lumen
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A 5 year old boy with breathing difficulty, chest pain, and cough was admitted to a local hospital. The pediatrician who examined the boy, along with laboratory results, diagnosed the child as having cystic fibrosis. Which of the following structures is most likely blocked?
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Terminal bronchioles
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A 12 year old boy was admitted to a local hospital with a known history of heart problems. His left ventricular hypertrophy could result from which of the following conditions?
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Stenosis of the aorta
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a 31 year old man was involved in a severe automobile accident and suffered laceration of the left primary bronchus. The damaged primary bronchus:
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Is longer than the right primary bronchus
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A 62 year old woman who is a heavy smoker has an advanced lung cancer that spread into her right third intercostal space posterior to the midaxillary line. If cancer cells are carried in the venous drainage, they would travel first to which of the following veins?
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Right superior intercostal vein
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A radiologist examines posterior-anterior chest radiographs of a 27 year old victim of a car accident. Which of the following structures froms the right border of the cardiovascular silhouette?
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Superior vena cava
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A 37 year old man is brought to the emergency room complaining of severe chest pain. his angiogram reveals thromboses of both brachiocephalic veins. This condition would most likely cause a dilation of which of the following veins?
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Left superior intercostal
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A cardiologist is on clinical round with her medical students. She asks them, "During the cardiac cycle, which of the following events occurs?"
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Blood flow in coronary arteries is maximal during diastole
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Coronary angiographs of a 44 year old male patient reveal an occlusion of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. This patient has been suffering from myocardial infarction in which of the following areas?
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Left atrium and ventricle
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A patient has a small but solid tumor in the mediastinum, which is confined at the level of the sternal angle. Which of the following structures would most likely be found at this level?
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Bifurcation of the trachea
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A 37 year old house painter fell from a ladder and fractured his left third rib and the structures with which it articulated. Which of the following structures would most likely be damaged?
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Body of the second thoracic vertebra
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A 45 year old woman presents with a tumor confined to the posterior mediastinum. This could result in compression of which of the following structures?
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Descending aorta
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A 62 year old patient with pericardial effusion comes to a local hospital for aspiration of pericardial fluid by pericardiocentesis. The needle is inserted into the pericardial cavity through which of the following intercostal spaces adjacent to the sternum?
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Left fifth intercostal space
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The attending faculty in the coronary intensive care unit (ICU) demonstrates to his students a normal heart examination. The first heart sound is produced by near-simultaneous closure of which of the following valves?
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Tricuspid and mitral
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A 27 year old patient with Marfan's syndrome has an aneurysm of the aortic arch. This may compress which of the following structures?
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Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
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A 47 year old man with a known atrial fibrillation returns to see his cardiologist for follow-up of his cardiac health. The right atrium is important in this case because it:
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Contains the sinoatrial node
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A 57 year old patient has a heart murmur resulting from the inability to maintain constant tension on the cusps of the atrioventricular (AV) valve. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?
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Chordae tendineae
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A 52 year old patient with a history of myocardial infarction exhibits a right coronary artery that is blocked by a fat globule after giving off the right marginal artery. Which of the following structures may have oxygen deficiency?
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Atrioventricular (AV) node
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A surgical resident inadvertently ligates the phrenic nerve instead of the accompanying artery descending between the mediastinal pleura and the pericardium without causing any particular harm. Which of the following arteries did he intend to ligate?
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Pericardiacophrenic
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A pulmonary fellow at a university hospital is asked to consult on a patient in respiratory failure. When the diaphragm contracts, which of the following conditions should normally occur?
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Increased lung volume
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A 32 year old patient has a tension pneumothorax that can be treated with needle aspiration. To avoid an injury of the intercostal neurovascular bundle, the needle may be inserted in which of the following locations?
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Above the upper border of the ribs
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A 57 year old man made a long airplane trip to Boston, returned home last night, and came to the clinic with a chief complaint of sudden left-sided weakness and garbled speech. After physical examination and reviewing his echocardiograms, his physician diagnosed him as having an ischemic stroke. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the stroke?
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Atrial septal defect
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A 7 day old baby is diagnosed as having congenital neonatal emphysema, which is caused by collapsed bronchi because of failure off bronchial cartilage development. Bronchial cartilages are derived from which of the following derivations?
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Mesoderm
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