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151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What Croatian grape is genetically identical to Zinfandel?
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Crljenak Kastelanski
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Where is the region of Tokaj?
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NE Hungary in a larger zone called Észak Magyarország.
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What styles of wine are produced in Rhodes?
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Red and white (both dry to medium sweet) are produced
White: 100% Athiri Red: 100% Mandilaria (Amorgiano) |
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What is the only Greek PDO to allow rosé wines? What styles of rosés? What grape varietal?
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Amynteo PDO. The wines may be dry to semi-sweet, and still or sparkling. Xinomavro is the grape used there.
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How are the vines trained in Santorini?
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The vines must be Koulara trained close to the ground, in the "stefani" shape of baskets or wreaths, in order to protect them from the fierce Aegean winds. Naturally decreases yields as nutrients need to travel several meters from roots. Protects from wind and sunburn. Reduces moisture loss in a dry climate without much rainfall. Also, collects moisture and dew from morning fog.
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What is the only Greek appellations that mandates used of a white grape in red blends?
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Paros
White: 100% Monemvassia Red: 2/3 Mandilaria, 1/3 Monemvassia |
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What is the only PDO zone in Epirus?
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Zitsa
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What grapes are used and what styles of wine are allowed in Zitsa?
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Dry, semisweet, and sparkling wines are produced from the Debina grape.
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True or false: Nemea PDO must be 100% Agiorgitiko.
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True
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What is Koutsi?
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The most famous subzone of Nemea PDO
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Where is the Peloponnese? What is the narrow isthmus that makes it a peninsula?
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Peloponnese, a peninsula only by virtue of the narrow Isthmus of Corinth, is directly south of Sterea Ellada (Central Greece).
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What grape is most commonly used in Retsina? What are the PDO zones of Retsina?
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Savvatiano is preferred for retsina. The center of production for retsina is Attiki, the region surrounding Athens. All of this is in Sterea Ellada (or Central Greece).
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Where is the Anchialos PDO? What color wine is allowed here? What grapes are used? What style is the wine? What is the makeup of the blend?
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- The Anchialos PDO is located in Thessalia, south of Rapsani.
- Only white wines are allowed here, blended from Rhoditis and Savatiano grapes from higher-altitude vineyards. - The style of the wine is dry white. - The wine must be a min of 80% Rhoditis, plus Savvatiano |
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What is Crete's most cultivated grape?
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Vilana
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Name the five large wine producing region of Bulgaria.
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1. Danubian Plain (to the North)
2. Thracian Lowlands (to the South) 3. Black Sea Region (eastern) 4. Struma River Valley (western) 5. Rose Valley (narrow region in the center of the country) |
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Where is Boyar Estates?
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Bulgaria
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Where would someone find a wine labeled DGO?
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Bulgaria. Declared Geographic Origin.
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What are Controliran wines?
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Bulgarian wine term. Controliran is a superior controlled appellation of origin within a DGO, and each Controliran wine must be produced from the appellation’s permitted grape varietals. Maximum yield and residual sugar content is defined for each Controliran.
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What does "barik" mean?
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Bulgarian term used on labels if the fermentation occurred in oak casks of 500L or less in volume
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What is a significant Controliran appellation of Struma River Valley?
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Harsovo.
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What is the main and indigenous grape of the Controliran known as Harsovo in Struma River Valley DGO? |
Melnik |
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Name two noteworthy Controliran appellations in the Danubian Plain?
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The more noteworthy Controliran appellations include Suhindol and Svichtov in the Danubian Plain
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What are the most widely planted international varieties in Bulgaria?
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Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot
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What are the two most widely planted indigenous varieties in Bulgaria?
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Gamza (Kadarka) & Mavrud
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Rubin is a crossing of what two noble international varietals? Where is it being produced?
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Nebbiolo x Syrah . Bulgaria is producing this varietal.
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What are the two most cultivated white varietals of Romania?
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Fetească Albă and Fetească Regală
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Where is Romania?
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Romania sits north of Bulgaria, touching the Black Sea on its Eastern coast. South of the Ukraine and Moldova. It's western borders are formed by Hungary and Serbia.
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What are the most cultivated indigenous red varietals of Romania?
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The indigenous red grapes Feteasca Neagra, Burgund Mare, and Băbeasca Neagră achieve higher quality. Rosioara (Bulgaria’s Pamid grape) is used mostly for table wine.
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What are the three subcategories of DOC's that you will see on a label of Romanian wine? What do they each tell you?
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DOC-CMD: grapes harvested at full maturity
DOC-CT: late-harvested grapes DOC-CIB: botrytis-affected grapes |
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What is the most significant region of Transylvania?
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Tarnave DOC, where they use Feteasca grapes and Traminer Rosé among others
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In what region of Romania is Dealu Mare?
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Muntenia in the Southeast.
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What is Grasa de Cotnari? Where is it found?
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In Moldavia, Romania. It is a grape varietal used to make Cotnari DOC wine, probably the most famous wine of Romania. a Botrytized dessert style.
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What is Murfatlar DOC
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DOC found in Dobrogea in Romania. Southeast.
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What style of wine is produced in Eger?
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Fehér (white) Rosé Vörös (red) Bikaver (mandated blend of minimum 4 varieties predominantly Kekfrankos at 30-50% of the blend) |
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Wines from Nemea are produced from what grape?
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100% Agiorgitiko
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What region is known for red wines in Northwestern Hungary?
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Sopron
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What two regions are allowed to produce Bikaver?
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Eger and Szekszard
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Bikaver means?
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Bull's Blood
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Kékfrankos is the Hungarian name for which grape?
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Blaufrankisch
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Austria's Burgenland is contiguous with which Hungarian region?
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Sopron
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Tokaj is situated at the confluence of what two rivers?
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Tisza and Bodrog Rivers
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Aszú grapes are:
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Grapes harvested with high levels of sugar that have been afflicted with botrytis cinerea.
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What is the name of Vega Sicilia's Tokaj project?
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Tokaj Oremus
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What are the two Great First Growths of Tokaj?
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Szarvas and Mézes Mály
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What is a puttony?
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The containers used to hold hand-picked grapes to be used in the production of Tokaji wine. Holds approximately 25kg.
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What is a gönc?
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a Hungarian oak cask of approximately 136 L used in the production of Tokaji wine.
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Describe the production process of Tokaji Aszú.
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The aszú grapes are by law handpicked individually. The esszencia, or free-run juice, is drained off. The aszú is then trampled into a paste, or dough, and a number of puttony containing aszú paste is mixed with gönci barrels of must or base wine from non-aszú grapes. The number of puttony added to a gönc (a Hungarian oak cask of approximately 136 L) determines the final sweetness of the Tokaji Aszú wine, and it is labeled accordingly. The wine rests in cask for a minimum 18 months and cannot be released until Junary 1 of the 3rd year after harvest.
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What is the minimum RS for Tokaji naturesszencia? Previously what was it?
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450g/L. Previously it was only 250g/L.
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What are the minimum RS levels for 3,4,5, & 6 Puttonyos Tokaji wine? What bout aszúesszcencia?
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These terms were phased out in 2011 but we will still see them for a while on aged bottles: 3 Puttonyos: 60 g/L |
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What is Tokaji Szamorodni? Style and production requirements?
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Szamorodni means "as it comes". Produced from a mixture of aszú and non-aszú grapes. Rests in casks for a minimum of two years just like Tokaji Aszú. Can be dry or sweet.
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What are the terms for sweet and dry that are used in Tokaji labeling?
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édes (sweet) or száras (dry)
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What is the Circle of Mad?
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A small group of producers in Tokaji that are committed to elevating the status of dry wines of Tokaji.
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What other EU grapes have had their names altered due to the protection of Tokaji?
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Tocai Friulano became just Friulano. Tokay d'Alsace became just Pinot Gris.
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What main Slovenian wine region borders the Italian region of Friuli?
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Primorska
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What are the subregions of Primorska?
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1. Goriska Brda
2. Kras 3. Koper 4. Vipava |
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What are the three main wine regions of Slovenia?
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1. Primorska (Borders Friuli in Italy)
2. Podravje (Far NE) 3. Posavje (Southern border with Croatia) |
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What is the name for Pinot Grigio in Slovenia?
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Sivi Pinot
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Croatia's main winegrowing regions are:
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Istria to the North
Dalmatia to the South |
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What are the main regions of Slovakia?
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1. Malokarpatská (the Small Carpathian Wine Region)
2. Južnoslovenská (South Slovak wine region) 3. Nitrianska (Nitra wine region) 4. Stredoslovenská (Central Slovak wine region) 5. Východoslovenská (Eastern Slovak wine region) 6. Tokajská (Tokaj wine region) |
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Where would one find Bohemia (Čechy)?
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Czech Republic
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What are the two principal regions of wine production in the Czech Republic?
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Čechy/Bohemia (North) and Moravia (South)
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Where would you find a VOC?
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Czech Republic
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Where would you find Goumenissa? What are its grape requirements?
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Macedonia, Greece. Grape requirements are 80% Xinomavro and 20% Negoska
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What are the four Greek PDO's of Macedonia?
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1. Naoussa N-A-G-S |
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Where would you find the Debina grape?
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Zitsa PDO in Epirus, Greece. The only PDO of the Epirus region.
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Where would you find a wine labeled "Nychteri"? What does it mean?
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It is a dry white wine from Santorini that is produced with min 75% Assyrtiko. But additionally sees minimally 3mos of oak ageing. Min ABV is 13.5%!!!
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What is Malagousia and where would you find it?
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Native white grape of Greece that has been nurtured back to existence. Found in the PGI district of Thessaloniki in northern Macedonia.
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What are the three PDO's of Thessalia?
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1. Rapsani
2. Messenikola 3. Anchialos |
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What grapes and styles are found in Messenikola PDO?
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Dry reds from Min. 70% Mavro (Black) Messenikola, plus Carignan and Syrah
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What grapes and styles are found in the Rapsani PDO?
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Xinomavro, Stavroto (Ambelakiotiko), Krasato (traditionally each grape accounts for 1/3 of the vineyard)
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The three PDO's that can be found on the island of Cephalonia are:
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Robola
Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia Muscat of Cephalonia |
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What style of wine is Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia?
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Sweet Red
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What are the PDO's of the Peloponnese?
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1. Nemea
2. Mantinia 3. Patras 4. Monemvassia-Malvasia 5. Muscat of Patras 6. Mavrodaphne of Patras 7. Muscat of Rio Patras |
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What is Patras PDO? Grapes? Styles?
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Peloponnese region of Greece. 100% Roditis dry to medium sweet whites.
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What is Mantinia? Grapes? Styles?
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Peloponnese region of Greece. Min. 85% Moschofilero plus Asproudes. Dry whites. Still and Sparkling.
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What is Dafnes?
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PDO on the island of Crete. Produces dry and sweet red wines from Liatiko.
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Which two appellations are part of the Cyclades Islands?
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Paros and Santorini.
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Where is Verdea? What is the main grape of Verdea?
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Verdea is an oxidative white wine produced on the island of Zakynthos in the Ionian Sea. Skiadopoulo is the predominant grape varietal.
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What are the aging requirements for Reserve/Selected or Grande Reserve/Specially Selected?
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RESERVE White: 1yr total aging, 6mos in barrel, 3mos in bottle Red: 2yrs total aging, 1yr barrel, 6mos bottle GRANDE RESERVE White: 2yrs total aging, 1yr barrel, 6mos bottle Red: 4yrs total aging, 18mos barrel, 18mos bottle |
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What is the minimum required ABV of Naoussa PDO wines? Are they mandatorily dry?
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11% They can be sweet, though in practice most production is dry. |
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What is the term Cava used for in Greece?
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Aging terminology for PGI wines: White/Rose: 1yr total aging, 6mos oak Red: 3yrs total aging, 1yr oak |
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What is Greece's coolest region?
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Amynteo, thus it is the only region producing PDO rosé
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Domaine Carras is the only producer in what region? What grapes are used?
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Plagies Melitona (Slopes of Meliton) in Macedonia White: Roditis, Assyrtiko, plus Athiri Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, plus Limnio |
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What is Savvatiano's acid structure?
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Low
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In which region of Greece would you find Mavro Korinthiaki used?
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Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO and Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia uses= this currant/raisin grape as a blending component in its fortified sweet reds.
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Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO wines must be aged how?
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In an oxidative environment for at least two years.
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Name the PDO zones of Crete.
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1. Archanes 2. Dafnes 3. Peza 4. Sitia 5. Candia 6. Malvasia Candia 7. Malvasia Sitia |
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Spiropoulos and Tselepos produce out of what region? |
Mantinia, making whites and sparkling from Moschofilero and Asproudes.
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What color is the Kotsifali grape? Where is it found?
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Red grape grown in Crete. Archanes PDO does blends of Mandilaria and Kotsifali.
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What two Crete PDOs do not produce any white wine?
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Archanes PDO (Kotsifali and Mandilaria reds) Dafnes PDO (100% Liatiko) |
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What three Crete PDOs produce their reds from Kotsifali and Mandilaria?
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1. Archanes (Red only) 2. Candia 3. Peza |
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What Crete PDO produces white wines from 100% Vilana?
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Peza PDO
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What is the minimum aging for a bottle of Greek Vinsanto? What aging statements are allowed?
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2yrs Aging statements are allowed in multiples of four (4, 8, 12, 16, 20yrs, etc) |
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What styles of wine are produced on Samos PDO island?
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100% Moschato Aspros (Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains) VDN VDN w/ vineyard designation (Grand Cru) VDL Naturally sweet wine (sun-dried) No chaptalization or enrichment |
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Which are the only two Aegean islands without their own separate VDN appellations?
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Santorini and Samos (Samos PDO is already for VDN wines)
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What styles of wine are made on Lemnos PDO?
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White (dry to sweet) Dry Red Liastos (Sun-dried) VDN white: Muschat of Alexandrias red: Limnio |
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What grapes are used in Malvasia Sitia and Malvasia Candia PDOs?
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Assyrtiko Athiri Vidiano Thrapsathiri Liatiko (vinified as a white wine) |
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Where is the Znojmo VOC? What grapes does it allow? |
In Moravia (southern region) of the Czech Republic. Only Grüner Veltliner, Sauvignon Blanc, and Riesling are allowed for this designation. |
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What are the VOC's that have been established in Moravia? |
Znojmo VOC* Modré Hory VOC* Mikulov VOC* Blatnice VOC Pálava VOC *First three are the most important |
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Where is Krasnodar? |
Russian region where most if its premium winegrowing happens. |
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What is Russia's most cultivated varietal? |
Rkatsiteli |
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Where are Dagestan and Stavropol? |
Russian wine regions
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What are the five zones of production in Georgia? |
Kakheti Kartli Imereti Rakha-Lechkhumi |
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The Ararat Valley is the most important production zone in: |
Armenia |
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The island known to the Greeks as Thira is known to the west as: |
Santorini |
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"Brda" means what in Slovenian? |
Hills. As in Goriska Brda in Primorska, Slovenia. The Hills of Gorizia. |
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What is Flysch? |
A Mixture of Shale and Sandstone marine sedimentary soil found in Friuli and Primorska, Slovenia. The Italians refer to it as "Ponca". The Slovenians refer to it as "Opoka" |
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What grape variety is the most planted in Kras in Primorska, Slovenia? |
Teran (Italian Terrano or Refosco) |
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What are the terms for the following sweetness levels on Slovenian wine labelling? Suho Polsuho Polsladko Sladko |
Suho - Dry Polsuho - Medium-Dry Polsladko - Medium Sweet Sladko - Sweet |
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What country would you find a wine region labelled as a ZGP? |
Slovenia |
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Aleppo Pine Resin is used in the production of what wine style? How much can it legally be added to the wine? |
Retsina PGI
At a rate of 0.15 to 1.0% of the wine's final volume |
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When were Greece's wine appellation laws created? |
In 1969 and 1970, Greece enacted its first modern wine laws using the French AOC system as a model, and by 1971, many of today’s appellations were delimited |
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What is Kokinelli? |
A Rosé of Retsina produced by using more of the pink-skinned Roditis. |
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When did Greece join the EU? |
1981, opening up wine trade |
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When did Phylloxera arrive in Greece? |
1898 |
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What are the most planted grape varieties in Greece? |
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Name four countries that border Greece. |
On Greece's Northern side from West to East: Albania Macedonia (FYROM - Former Yugoslavic Republic of Macedonia) Bulgaria Turkey |
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Which large mountain range forms the spine of the Greece's section of the Balkan peninsula? |
Pindos, the southernmost extension of the Central Alps |
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What Sea is to the West of Greece? What about the East? South? |
West: Aegean Sea East: Ionian Sea South: Libyan Sea (South of Crete) |
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What body of water separates the Pelopponese from Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)? |
Corinthian Gulf |
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Rains are generally more abundant in what areas of Greece? |
In the West and the North. The Eastern coastline and Aegean islands see little rainfall. |
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What is the name of the cool dry winds that sweep from the North of the Aegean and profoundly affect Santorini? |
The Meltemi |
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What is the name for Greek grappa? |
Tsipouro |
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What two Greek PDOs allow for international varieties? |
Slopes of Meliton: 70% Limnio with Cabernet Sauvignon & Cabernet Franc (for reds) Messenikola: Mavromessenikola, Carignan, Syrah |
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To be bottled as a Greek PDO, what percentage of fruit must be harvested and vinified within the PDO boundaries? |
100% |
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Most Greek wine production is released at what designation of origin quality level? |
PGI (62% of Greek Wine) |
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To be bottled as a Greek PGI, what percentage of fruit must be harvested and vinified within the PGI boundaries? |
85% of fruit, but it has to be produced within the PGI boundaries. |
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Can Retsina be labelled with a vintage? |
Nope |
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What does Mavro mean in Greek? Aspro? |
Aspro: White Mavro: Black |
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What does the Greek term Ktima mean? |
Estate |
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What is the most planted red grape on Santorini? |
Mandilaria, where it is often blended with Mavrotragano |
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In a Santorini PDO white, what percentage must be Assyrtiko? What about for Vin Santo? |
75% (Dry Whites) 51% (Vin Santo) |
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What are the district and area PGIs of Thrace? |
District: Evros Area: Avdira and Ismaros |
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Thessaloniki is a port town in what region of Greece? |
Macedonia |
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The PGI district of Florina contains what PDO? |
Amynteo PDO |
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What PDO region's vineyards fall along the slopes of Mount Vermion? |
Naoussa PDO |
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What are the soils of Naoussa? |
Clay and limestone (Calcareous Clay) |
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While unofficial, what are some important "crus" of Naoussa? |
Trifolos (lower elevation, generous body) Fytia (Higher elevation) Ramnista (home to Kir-Yianni, generous styles) |
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Goumenissa PDO is located at the foot of what mountain? |
Mount Paiko |
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Which of Greece's Xinomravro-based PDOs is warmest? |
Goumenissa PDO |
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What are the most planted grapes in Thessaly? |
Roditis and Muscat of Hamburg (Tsipouro production) |
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What Greek PDO falls along the south facing slopes of Mount Olympus? |
Rapsani PDO |
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What is Greece's smallest PDO? |
Rapsani PDO in Thessaly with less than 100ha |
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What is the only PDO to feature Xinomavro outside of Macedonia? |
Rapsani PDO, blended with Stavroto and Krasato |
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What are the district PGIs of Sterea Ellada? |
Evia PGI (2nd largest Island in Greece behind Crete) Attica PGI |
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What is geographically the largest PDO in Greece? |
Patras PDO |
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What are the requirements for the following Mavrodaphne of Patras labelling terms: Reserve Vieille Grande Reserve NV wines must be aged for at least 3 years after blend is completed |
Reserve (3yrs: 2yrs cask, 1 bottle) Vieille (5yrs: 2yrs cask, 2 bottle) Grande Reserve (7yrs: 3yrs cask, 3 bottle) |
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Peza PDO produces what styles? |
Whites from Vilana Reds from Kotsifali and Mandilaria |
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What three PDOs of Greece allow for Grand Cru labelling? |
Dafnes Muscat of Cephalonia Samos All for dessert wines made and grown in specific areas |
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Candia PDO produces what styles? |
Whites from 85% Vilana Reds from Kotsifali and Mandilaria |
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Sitia PDO produces what styles? |
Whites from 70% Vilana with Thrapsathiri Reds from 80% Liatiko and up to 20% Mandilaria |
