Greece And Macedonia

Front 1

peninsula

Back 1

land surrounded by water on three sides

Front 2

colony

Back 2

foreign settlements in distant lands ruled originally from home

Front 3

Maritime

Back 3

having to do with the sea

Front 4

polis

Back 4

a city state in ancient times governed by small groups of powerful landowners

Front 5

aristocracy

Back 5

government controlled by the nobility (wealthy people)

Front 6

sponsor

Back 6

person who pays for an activity or takes responsibility for it

Front 7

democracy

Back 7

government ruled by the people

Front 8

tyrant

Back 8

cruel ruler who governs by threat or force

Front 9

myth

Back 9

a story from the past that explains events like the changing of the seasons or the beginning of the world

Front 10

shrine

Back 10

a religious site

Front 11

oracle

Back 11

a prediction of the future usually delivered by a priest

Front 12

tragedy

Back 12

a serious story about men or women who meet terrible misfortune

Front 13

comedy

Back 13

a lighthearted play, movie, or other work that makes people laugh

Front 14

philosophy

Back 14

study of human behavior or moral truths in the universe

Front 15

Hellinistic

Back 15

having to do with Greek culture based on the ideas of Greek thinkers (philosophers), scientists, poets, and playwrights.

Front 16

Athens

Back 16

center for arts and sciences, dedicated to democracy, and powerful navy

Front 17

Sparta

Back 17

Strong army, and dedicated to warfare

Front 18

What was a major accomplishment of Athens's leader Pericles?

Back 18

A major accomplishment under the Athenian leader Pericles was that he rebuilt the Acropolis destroyed by the Persians during war. Under his 32-year rule known as the Age of Pericles, democracy became the foundation of government in ancient Greece.

Front 19

Describe the Parthenon on the Acropolis in Athens.

Back 19

Parthenon-temple built on the Acropolis ("high city"), and was dedicated to the goddess Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom. Built in the 5th century BCE

Front 20

What are the Elgin marbles and what is their history?

Back 20

Taken from the Parthenon, they are marble statues and sculptures. Arrived in Britain in the early 1800’s because the Earl of Elgin (a British ambassador) wanted to take “some stones” (83 in total) when Greece was under Turkish rule
An AMBASSADOR is a representative of a country.

Front 21

Who is the brave sailor who is the hero of the poem, The Odyssey?

Back 21

Odysseus (The Odyssey is written by Homer)

Front 22

epic

Back 22

long adventure poem

Front 23

What kept communities separated from each other?

Back 23

mountains and other landforms

Front 24

What are summers in Greece like?

Back 24

hot (arid), and dry

Front 25

What are winters like in Greece?

Back 25

cool and wet

Front 26

How much of the land in Greece is suitable for growing crops?

Back 26

1/4

Front 27

Since much of Greece is not suitable for growing crops, what did this lead them to do?

Back 27

trade with distant lands

Front 28

What is a colony?

Back 28

Foreign settlement in a distant land ruled originally from home

Front 29

When did the Minoans rule the island of Crete?

Back 29

3000 BC to 1400 BC

Front 30

What were the Minoans like?

Back 30

skilled sailors, wealthy through trading

Front 31

What modern day country is Asia Minor now known as?

Back 31

Turkey

Front 32

Who were the descendants of the Minoans?

Back 32

The Mycenaeans descended from the Minoans, who learned from their seafaring skills.

Front 33

In what year did Mycenae collapse?

Back 33

1200 BCE

Front 34

Which poet created the epics the Iliad and the Odyssey?

Back 34

Homer

Front 35

What were these two poems about?

Back 35

the Trojan War

Front 36

Heinrich Schliemann traced the possible site of Troy to modern day ________.

Back 36

Turkey

Front 37

True or False…Troy was a real place.

Back 37

True

Front 38

After the Trojan war, ______ came to a standstill and _________ increased.

Back 38

trade came to a standstill and poverty increased

Front 39

When did Greece begin to prosper again?

Back 39

mid 900's BCE

Front 40

What is another name for a town marketplace?

Back 40

agora

Front 41

Who was a city-state governed by?

Back 41

Nobles (powerful landowners) called aristocrats

Front 42

What is the root of the word politics?

Back 42

Polis

Front 43

The form of government ruled by the nobility is a(n)__________.

Back 43

aristocracy

Front 44

What were two responsibilities of the Greek citizens?

Back 44

obey laws, take part in religious ceremonies, and fight in the event of a war

Front 45

Who paid for religious ceremonies, athletic games, and drama contests?

Back 45

Sponsors

Front 46

Where does the word democracy come from?

Back 46

demos meaning "people" and kratos meaning "rule"

Front 47

_________ and other statesmen reformed (changed) the Athenian government to create a democracy.

Back 47

Solon

Front 48

When was Athens at the height of its power?

Back 48

450 BCE

Front 49

How did Athens become rich?

Back 49

trading

Front 50

What three things were women not allowed to do in Athens?

Back 50

vote, own property, and hold office (work as a government official)

Front 51

Where was Sparta located?

Back 51

Inland on the peninsula of Peloponnesus

Front 52

What does the term Spartan mean today?

Back 52

Hard or severe

Front 53

What two things were women allowed to do in Sparta that they could not do in Athens?

Back 53

own property and train in athletics

Front 54

In 400's BC, Asia Minor was the heart of what empire? What lands did it rule?

Back 54

Persian empire, ruled from Egypt to India.

Front 55

What did the Greeks believe King Darius was?

Back 55

a tyrant, which was a ruler who governs by threat or force

Front 56

What did some Greek colonies decide to do against King Darius' rule?

Back 56

rebel against it

Front 57

Explain the origin of today's marathon races.

Back 57

Darius invaded Greece in 490 BCE and on his way to Athens stopped in Marathon. The Greeks crushed Darius’ troops and after the victory a Greek soldier ran 26 miles to Athens with the good news.

Front 58

When were the first Olympic games held and how long did they last?

Back 58

first games held in year 776 BCE and continued to last until the year 393

Front 59

Describe the game pancratium.

Back 59

combination of boxing and wrestling.

Front 60

When were the first modern Olympics held?

Back 60

1896

Front 61

What is a myth?

Back 61

a story from the distant past

Front 62

What did myths explain?

Back 62

the natural world

Front 63

What is a shrine?

Back 63

Special sites where Greek gods were housed

Front 64

In some shrines, priests or priestesses delivered prophesies, called ________.

Back 64

oracles

Front 65

_______ was home to the most famous oracle of the ancient world.

Back 65

Delphi

Front 66

In the 400s BC, which Athenian ruler decided to repair much of the damage done to his city during the Persian wars?

Back 66

Pericles

Front 67

Acropolis

Back 67

a hill in the center of Athens

Front 68

What was the envy of the Greek world?

Back 68

Athenian architecture

Front 69

Name the three types of columns.

Back 69

Ionic, Doric, Corinthian

Front 70

What do historians believe Greek plays began as being?

Back 70

dances and songs

Front 71

Aristophanes was...

Back 71

One of the best known Greek comedy writers

Front 72

Hippocrates

Back 72

believed that illnesses had natural occurrences, he was the first to take careful records of illness

Front 73

Pythagoras

Back 73

originated many mathematical theories that are still used today

Front 74

Who contributed greatly to the Greeks’ understanding of physics and mathematics?

Back 74

Archimedes

Front 75

Who was the student of Socrates?

Back 75

Plato

Front 76

What is the name of Plato's book?

Back 76

The Republic

Front 77

Aristotle

Back 77

studied at the Academy, and wrote about art, physics, astronomy, weather, and biology

Front 78

Who thought they were the descendants of Homer's poems?

Back 78

Macedonians

Front 79

Who was Philip the second?

Back 79

Alexander the Great's father who made Macedonia a powerful state

Front 80

How and when was Philip killed?

Back 80

murdered in 336 BC

Front 81

How many years did Alexander and his army march?

Back 81

11 years

Front 82

Siege train

Back 82

combination of portable towers and ramming devices

Front 83

What changes did Alexander's empire bring to the world after his death?

Back 83

Spread Greek language, expanded trade which eased communication, spread ideas of Greek philosophy, science, poetry, and playwriting all the way from Egypt to India.
He also had the first library built in Alexandria which held half a million volumes.

Front 84

What city was the crossroads of trade and ideas in the Hellenistic world?

Back 84

Alexandria

Front 85

When did the Hellenistic Age last?

Back 85

323 BC to 27 BC

Front 86

What empire did the Greek city-states fall to during the first century BC?

Back 86

Roman empire