Great Depression Apush

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Great Depression

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Great Depression

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-originated in the U.S.,
-starting with the fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929 -became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929
-crash of the stock market
-people invested in the stock too much

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Black Tuesday

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-October 29th, 1929
-This is the date of the most famous stock market crash in history
-Stocks lost 13% of their value on Black Tuesday
-considered the beginning of the Great Depression

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Dust Bowl

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Dirty Thirties
-was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological
-agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands from 1930 to 1936 (in some areas until 1940)
-phenomenon was caused by severe drought coupled with decades of extensive farming without crop rotation, fallow fields, cover crops or other techniques to prevent erosion

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Gross National Product

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-which defines production based on the geographical location of production, GNP allocates production based on ownership
-doesn't distinguish between qualitative improvements in the state of the technical arts , and quantitative increases in goods

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Herbert Hoover

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-31st President of the United States (1929–1933)
-was a professional mining engineer and author
-as the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge
-he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization"
-presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no previous elected office experience

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20th Amendment

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-Commencement of Presidential Term and Succession
-it limited the president's term to only two

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New Deal

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series of economic programs implemented in the United States between 1933 and 1936
-passed by the U.S. Congress during the first term of Franklin Delano Roosevelt as President of the United States, which lasted from 1933 to 1937
-programs were responses to the Great Depression

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France Perkins

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-U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945
-the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet
-loyal supporter of her friend, Franklin D. Roosevelt
-helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition.
-She and Interior Secretary Harold Ickes were only original members of the Roosevelt cabinet who remained in offices for his entire presidency

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Fireside Chats

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-series of thirty evening radio speeches given by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944

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FDIC

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-(Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
-federally sponsored corporation that insures accounts in national banks and other qualified institutions
-insures against loss of deposits in banks and, since 1989, in savings associations

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Public Works Administration

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-part of the New Deal, or 100 hundred days plan agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes during President Roosevelt's time in office
-created by the National Industrial Recovery Act in June 1933 in
response to the Great Depression
-concentrated on the construction of large-scale public works such as dams and bridges, with the goal of providing employment, stabilizing purchasing power, and contributing to a revival of American industry

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Civilian Conservation Corps

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-(CCC)
-public work relief program for unemployed men
-providing vocational training through the performance of useful work related to conservation and development of natural resources in the United States from 1933 to 1942

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Schechter v. U.S

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-case tested the legality of certain methods used by Congress and President franklin d. roosevelt to combat the devastating economic effects of the depression
-U.S. Supreme Court declared the methods unconstitutional, Roosevelt publicly scolded the Court and later used the decision as one justification for a controversial plan to stock the Court with justices more receptive of Roosevelt's programs

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Securities Exchange Commission

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-independent agency which holds primary responsibility for enforcing the federal securities laws and regulating the securities industry, the nation's stock and options exchanges, and other electronic securities markets

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Second New Deal

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-second stage of the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt
-address to Congress in January 1935, Roosevelt called for three major goals:
-improved use of national resources, security against old age, unemployment and illness, and slum clearance, as well as a national welfare program (the WPA) to replace state relief efforts.
-dated 1935-36, and includes programs to redistribute wealth, income and power in favor of the poor, the old, farmers and labor unions
-most important programs included Social Security, the National Labor Relations Act ("Wagner Act"), the Banking Act, rural electrification, and breaking up utility holding companies

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Works Progress Administration

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-largest and most ambitious New Deal agency
-employing millions to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads
-operated large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects
-fed children and redistributed food, clothing, and housing

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Wagner Act 1935

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-made the federal government the arbiter of employer-employee relations through the creation of the national labor relations board (NLRB)
-recognized for the first time the right of workers to organize and bargain collectively with their employers

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Social Security Act 1935

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-provided for a federal program of old-age retirement benefits and a joint federal-state venture of Unemployment Compensati
-it dispensed federal funds to aid the development at the state level of such programs as vocational rehabilitation, public health services, and child welfare services, along with assistance to the elderly and the handicapped

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Huey Long

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-nicknamed The Kingfish, served as the 40th Governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and as a U.S. senator from 1932 to 1935
-Democrat, he was noted for his radical populist policies
-Though a backer of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the elcetion

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John L. Lewis

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-United States labor leader who was president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1920 to 1960
-president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations from 1935 to 1940
-16th mayor of New Orleans