Great Depression And New Deal

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Great Depression and New Deal

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- the new deal was a series of economic programs that were passed by congress between 1933-1936 during the first administration of Franklin D Roosevelt which were responses to the great depression which were focusing in the focusing on the three R's; relief recovery and reform

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Great Depression

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- It lasted from 1929 to 1941, 12 years.
- Nearly 50% of the children of the great depression did not have adequate food, shelter, or medical care.
-WW2 eventually pulled the US out of the depression by creating new jobs.
- There was a great rate of unemployment.

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Black Tuesday

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- term that refer to the Wall street Crash of 1929 in which was the most devastating stock market crash in US history which signal the first sign of the 12 year depression

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Dust Bowl

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- Dust storm heading into Sherman Texas April 14, 1935
-It was a big storm that ruin several farm
- After the families who lived near or were affected by th dust storm move to other country to have a better life
-The rains came again in the fall of 1939 and with the start of World War II in 1941, the price of crops were rising.

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Gross National Product

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- the market value of all products and services produced in one year by he labor and property supplied by residents of a country

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Herbert Hoover

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- Thirty first president
- Hoover was born on August 10, 1874 in West Branch, Iowa. He grew up a Quaker.
- He served as the U.S. Food Administrator
- From 1921-28 he served as the Secretary of Commerce for Presidents Harding and Coolidge.

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Franklin D Roosevelt

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- ( 1882-1945) 32nd president a central figure in world events during the mid 20th century, leading the US in a time of economic crisis and world war; only president elected more than two terms

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20th Amendment

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-The Twentieth Amendment (Amendment XX) to the United States Constitution establishes the beginning and ending of the terms of the elected federal offices.
- It also deals with scenarios in which there is no President-elect.
- The Twentieth Amendment was ratified on January 23, 1933.

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New Deal

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- a series of economic programs that were passed by congress between 1933-1936 during the first administration of Franklin D Roosevelt which responded to the great depression which were focusing in the focusing relief, recovery and reform

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Frances Perkins

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- Frances Perkins was born in Boston on 10th April, 1882.
- When Franklin D. Roosevelt became governor of New York in 1929, he appointed Perkins as his Industrial Commissioner
- She therefore became the first woman in American history to hold a Cabinet post.
- Perkins managed to persuade Congress to pass the Fair Labor Standards Act. The main objective of the act was to eliminate "labor conditions detrimental to the maintenance of the minimum standards of living necessary for health, efficiency and well-being of workers".

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Fireside Chats

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- radio speeches given by president Franklin D Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944

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FDIC

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- The FDIC is a agency of the US federal government. It is responsible for insuring bank accounts in case a bank goes out of business. The FDIC was started in 1933 in an effort to avoid the banking problems that occurred during the 1920's and 1930's.
- During the depression of the 1920's and 1930's, thousands of banks failed. When the banks failed the public lost money deposited in accounts at those banks. This led to bank runs where people would rush banks to withdraw their money before the bank went out of business. This only caused more banks to go out of business.
- If a bank goes out of business, the FDIC will refund customers their account balance to a limit.
- The current limit on the FDIC insurance is $100,000 per account. If you have more than $100,000 you should split the money into different accounts at different banks to be under the limit.

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Public Works Administration

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- part of the new deal in the Us during Roosevelt time ; created by the national industrial recovery act in June 1933 as response to the depression. constructed large scale public works with the goal to provide employment, stabilizing purchasing power and revival of the American industry

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Civilian Conservation Corps

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- In 1932, when the American public voted President Herbert Hoover out of office, they were searching for an end to the economic chaos and unemployment
- In his first 100 days in office, President Roosevelt approved several measures as part of his "New Deal," including the Emergency Conservation Work Act (ECW), known like Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).
- With that action, he brought together the nation's young men and the land in an effort to save them both.
- The government was trying to do a revitalization to the economy.

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Schechter v. U.S

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- case were the supreme court invalidated regulations of the poultry industry in which declared the national industrial recovery act unconstitutional

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Securities Exchange Commission

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- The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a regulatory agency responsible for administering the U.S. laws regarding securities.
- The purpose of these laws is to ensure fair markets and to provide accurate information to investors
- The SEC administers a number of the most important reform measures of the New Deal: the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the Investment Company Act of 1940, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. In addition it may act as a participant in corporate reorganizations in the federal courts under the National Bankruptcy Act.

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Second New Deal

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- term used which characterized the second stage of the new deal in which callers for the improvement of national resources, security against old age unemployment, sum clearance and national welfare's to replace stage reliefs

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Works Progress Administration

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- In 1935, FDR convinced Congress to establish the Works Progress Administration, to broaden the approach of the CWA (Civilian Works Administration, which constructed roads and public buildings).
- Besides basic construction works, the WPA hired artists to paint murals in public buildings, and writers to prepare guide books of states and areas of interest to the public.
- Plays were performed in areas where people had never seen live entertainment.
- The National Youth Administration, part of the WPA, provided jobs for 2 million high school and college students.
- The WPA spent more than $11 billion and employed 8.5 million people by the time it was ended in 1943.

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Wagner Act 1935

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- is a 1935 United States federal law that limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector who create labor unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands

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Social Security Act 1935

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-On August 14, 1935, the Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped.

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Huey Long

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- democrat noted for his racial populist policies created the share our wealth program

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John L. Lewis

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- was an American leader of organized labor who served as president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMW) from 1920 to 1960.
- A leading liberal, he played a major role in helping Franklin D. Roosevelt win a landslide in 1936, but as an isolationist broke with Roosevelt in 1940 on foreign policy.
- His massive leonine head, forest-like eyebrows, firmly set jaw, powerful voice and ever-present scowl thrilled his supporters, angered his enemies, and delighted cartoonists