Gre Subject Test/learning And Ethology

Front 1

Thorndike

Back 1

functionalist, early behaviorist
-developed law of effect, which formed basis for operant conditioning

Front 2

Watson

Back 2

one of founders of early behaviorism
-conducted Little Albert study which was important re: classical conditioning

Front 3

Hull

Back 3

author of theory of motivation/drive reduction theory

Front 4

drive reduction theory/theory of motivation

Back 4

goal of behavior is to reduce biological drives
-reinforcement occurs when biological drive reduced

Front 5

Lorenz

Back 5

one of the founders of ethology
-believed understanding of animal behavior could only occur through field work

Front 6

second-order conditioning

Back 6

neutral stimulus is paired with CS rather than UCS

Front 7

two stages of second-order conditioning

Back 7

stage 1: regular classical conditioning
stage 2: present different UCS just before presenting CS (from previous conditioning stage)

Front 8

sensory preconditioning

Back 8

two neutral stimuli paired together, then one of the neutral stimuli is paired with an UCS

Front 9

two stages of sensory preconditioning

Back 9

1. pair 2 neutral stimuli
2. pair one of the neutral stimuli with an UCS, test for sensory preconditioning by presenting the other neutral stimulus by itself
-CR to other neutral stimulus even though never directly paired with UCS=evidence for sensory preconditioning

Front 10

Rescorla

Back 10

contingency explanation of classical conditioning
-to the extent that CS is good signal and has informational value/is good predictor of UCS, CS and UCS will become paired and classical conditioning will occur

Front 11

blocking

Back 11

CS is good signal for UCS and provides non-redundant information about the occurence of the CS, not enough for classical conditioning to be contingent

Front 12

contiguity

Back 12

CS and UCS are close to each other in time

Front 13

contingency

Back 13

CS is a good predictor/signal for UCS