Gre Red Bible 6001-6500

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petal PETAL ['petl]

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PETAL n. 花瓣(英) n. 花瓣 (leaflike divisions of a flower)

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petition PETITION [pi'ti62n]

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PETITION n. 请愿; 请愿书(英) n. 请愿(entreaty; appeal)(记) pet(寻求)＋ition→ 寻求(帮助)→请愿(例) The workers signed a petition demanding better working conditions.

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petitioner PETITIONER [pi'ti62n2]

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PETITIONER n. 请愿人(英) n. 请愿人(the person who makes a request)(考) minion : dependent / groveler : petitioner(奴才是过分依赖者/ 奴颜婢膝者是过分请 求者)

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petrifaction PETRIFACTION [`petri'f9k62n]

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PETRIFACTION n. 石化; 目瞪口呆(英) n. 石化；目瞪口呆(the state of being petrified)

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petrify PETRIFY ['petrifai]

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PETRIFY v. 石化; 吓呆(英) v. 石化(to convert into stone)；吓呆(to confound with fear or awe)(考) evaporate :vapor / petrify : stone(蒸发产生蒸汽/石化 产生石头)(记) petr(石头)+ify→石 化(例) Over millions of years, the wood petrified.

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petroglyph PETROGLYPH ['petr2glif]

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PETROGLYPH n.岩石雕刻

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petroleum PETROLEUM [pi'tr2uli2m]

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PETROLEUM n. 石油(英) n. 石油 (a mineral oil)(考) refinery : petroleum / mill : grain(炼油厂加工石油/磨 房加工谷物)

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petrology PETROLOGY [pi'tr0l2d7i]

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PETROLOGY n. 岩石学(记) petro(石头)+ology→ 岩石学

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pettish PETTISH ['peti6]

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PETTISH adj. 易怒的,使性子的(英) adj. 易怒的，使性子的(fr etful, peevish)(记) 来自pet(不高兴)+tis h→不高兴的，易怒的(例) He was getting more and more pettish and hysterical.

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petty PETTY ['peti]

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PETTY adj.琐碎的;小心眼的(英) adj.琐碎的(trivial; unimportant);小心眼的( petty-minded)

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petulant PETULANT ['pet6ul2nt]

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PETULANT adj. 性急的,暴躁的(英) adj. 性急的，暴躁的(inso lent; peevish)(记) 来自pet(不高兴)+ula nt→非常不高兴→暴 躁的(同) n.petulance(例) She becomes petulant when people disagree with her.

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phantom PHANTOM ['f9nt2m]

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PHANTOM n. 幻影

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pharisaic PHARISAIC [`f9ri'sei`ik]

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PHARISAIC adj. 伪善的,伪装虔诚的(英) adj. 伪善的，伪装虔诚的( marked by hypercritical censorious self-righteousness)(记) 来自公元前后犹太教 的一派法利赛人(Phar isee), 以形式上遵守教义的 伪善作风闻名

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pharmaceutical PHARMACEUTICAL [`fm2'sju:tik2l]

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PHARMACEUTICAL adj. 制药的(英) adj. 制药的(of the manufacture and sale of medicines)(例) The pharmaceutical company researched the new drug's effects.

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pharmacist PHARMACIST ['fm2sist]

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PHARMACIST n. 药剂师(英) n. 药剂师 (a person skilled in the making of medicine)

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pharmacology PHARMACOLOGY [`fm2'k0l2d7i]

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PHARMACOLOGY n. 药理学,药物学(记) 来自pharmacy(药房， 药剂学)， pharma(药，毒)(例) The pharmacist has a degree in pharmacology.

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phenomenology PHENOMENOLOGY [fi`n0mi'n0l2d7i]

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PHENOMENOLOGY n. 现象学(对现象的哲学 研究)(记) 来自名词phenomenon （现象, 奇迹）

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phial PHIAL ['fai2l]

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PHIAL n. 小瓶(药水瓶)(英) n. 小瓶(药水瓶)(vial)

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philander PHILANDER [fi'l9nd2]

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PHILANDER v. 调戏追逐女人(英) v. 调戏追逐女人(to have many love affairs)(记) phil(爱)+ander(=and re男子)→乱爱的男子 →追逐女人(例) Belles and beaux philandered in the hotels.(美女和花花 公子在旅馆调情)

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philanthropic PHILANTHROPIC [fil2n'4r0pik]

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PHILANTHROPIC adj.博爱的(考) resourceful : inventiveness / philanthropic : geniality(足智多谋的[人]创造 /博爱的[人]亲切)

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philanthropist PHILANTHROPIST [fi'l9n4r2pist]

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PHILANTHROPIST n. 慈善家(英) n. 慈善家(one who makes active efforts to promote human welfare)(考) sage : wisdom / philanthropist : benevolence / comedian : humor(哲人有智慧/慈善家 有善意/喜剧演员有幽 默)coward : brave / philanthropist :selfish(懦夫不会勇敢/慈善 家不会自私)(记) phil(爱)+anthrop(人 )+ist→爱人的人→博 爱家

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philanthropy PHILANTHROPY [fi'l9n4r2pi]

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PHILANTHROPY n. 慈善，仁慈(英) n. 慈善，仁慈 (a feeling of kindness and love)

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philatelist PHILATELIST [fi'l9tlist]

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PHILATELIST n. 集邮家(英) n. 集邮家(one who collects or studies stamps)(考) philatelist : stamps / numismatist :coins(集邮家收集邮票/钱 币收藏家收集硬币)

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philately PHILATELY [fi'l9t2li]

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PHILATELY n. 集邮(英) n. 集邮(stamp collecting)(记) phil(爱)+ately(邮票 )

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philistine PHILISTINE ['filistain]

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PHILISTINE n. 庸人,市侩(英) n. 庸人，市侩(a person who is guided by materialism and is usually disdainful of intellectual or artistic values)(考) 反义词：aesthete(唯 美主义者)(记) 来自腓力斯丁人(Phil istia)，是庸俗的市 侩阶层

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philology PHILOLOGY [fi'l0l2d7i]

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PHILOLOGY n. 语文学,文学语言学(记) phil(爱)+ology(语言 )→语言学

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philosopher PHILOSOPHER [fi'l0s2f2]

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PHILOSOPHER n.哲学家(考) philosopher : cogitate / iconoclast ; attack(哲学家善于思考/反 传统观念的人善于攻 击)

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phlegmatic PHLEGMATIC [fleg'm9tik]

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PHLEGMATIC adj. 冷静的,冷淡的(英) adj. 冷静的，冷淡的(of slow and stolid temperature; impassive)(考) intractable : manage / phlegmatic : provoke(倔强的不易管理/冷 漠的不易激起)反义词：vivacious( 活泼的); spirited(生气勃勃的)(记) 来自phlegma(痰)+ati c→西方人认为痰多的 人不易动感情(例) Bob seems phlegmatic, but if something interests him, he gets excited.

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phobia PHOBIA ['f2ubi2]

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PHOBIA n. 恐惧症(英) n. 恐惧症(an exaggerated illogical fear)(记) phob(恐惧)+ia;(同) 参考：xenophobe(排 外)(例) Bill always stays at home because of his phobia for crowds.

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phoenix PHOENIX ['fi:niks]

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PHOENIX n.凤凰,长生鸟(英) n.凤凰,长生鸟(symbo l of immortality or rebirth)

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phonetic PHONETIC [f2'netik]

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PHONETIC adj. 语音的(英) adj. 语音的 ( about the sounds of human speech)(记) phon（声音）+etic

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phony PHONY ['f2uni]

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PHONY adj. 假的,伪造的(英) adj. 假的，伪造的(not genuine or real)(例) a phony address(假的). Thieves stole the valuable diamond and put a phony in its place.

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photograph PHOTOGRAPH ['f2ut2grf]

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PHOTOGRAPH n.照片(考) listen : recording / view : photograph(听唱片/看照片)photograph : light / recording : sound(照片通过光记录/录 音通过声音记录)daguerreotype : photograph / musket : firearm(银板照相是早期的照 片/毛瑟枪是早期的火 器)

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photosynthesis PHOTOSYNTHESIS [`f2ut2u'sin42sis]

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS n. 光合作用(英) n. 光合作用(formation of carbonhydrates through light)(记) photo(光)+synthesis (综合)→光合作用(同) 同根词：photics(光 学); photography(照相)

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phrase PHRASE [freiz]

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PHRASE n.乐句; 短语(英) n. 乐句(a short musical thought )；短语(a word or group of words)(例) the opening phrase of the overture(序曲的起首 乐句)

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phylogeny PHYLOGENY [fai'l0d7ini]

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PHYLOGENY n. 发展史(英) n. 发展史(the lines of descent or evolutionary development)

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phylum PHYLUM ['fail2m]

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PHYLUM n.(动植物分类的)门(英) n.(动植物分类的)门( category ranking below a kingdom and above a class)

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physiognomy PHYSIOGNOMY [`fizi'0n2mi]

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PHYSIOGNOMY n.面容学, 人相学(英) n.面容学, 人相学(face as showing the character and the mind)

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piano PIANO [pi'9n2u,'pjn2u]

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PIANO adj. (音乐)轻柔的(英) adj. (音乐)轻柔的(at a soft volume)(记) piano作为'钢琴'一意 大家都知道;(同) 参考：反义词forte( 强音的)

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piazza PIAZZA [pi'9ts2]

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PIAZZA n. 阳台; 广场; 露天市场(英) n. 阳台(veranda, porch)；广场(an open square)(记) 来自意大利语，意为m arketplace(市场)

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pictorial PICTORIAL [pik't0:ri2l]

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PICTORIAL adj. 有图片的，用图片表 示的(英) adj. 有图片的，用图片表 示的 (having, or expressed in pictures)(考) restive : calmness / pidding : considerable(反义: 不安的→平静的/无用 的→重要的)(记) 来自名词picture（图 片）pidding adj.无用的，琐碎的( trivial)

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piddling PIDDLING ['pidli8]

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PIDDLING adj. 微小的，微不足道的

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piecemeal PIECEMEAL ['pi:smi:l]

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PIECEMEAL adj.一件一件的,零碎 的(英) adj.一件一件的,零碎 的(one part at a time; gradually)

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pied PIED [paid]

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PIED adj. 杂色的(英) adj. 杂色的(of two or more colors in blotches)(考) 反义词：solid-color ed(单色的)(记) 分割记忆：pie(馅饼) +d; 参考: a pied horse(花斑马)(例) a pied horse(花斑马)

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pier PIER [pi2]

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PIER n. 桥墩; 码头(英) n. 桥墩(an intermediate support)(例) The ship you want to board is at pier 4.

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pierce PIERCE [pi2s]

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PIERCE v. 刺透; 穿过(英) v. 刺透(to run into or through; stab)；穿过(to force through)(考) awl : pierce / pestle : mash(锥子用来刺穿/研棒 用来捣碎)(例) The needle pierced his finger.

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piercing PIERCING ['pi2si8]

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PIERCING adj. 刺骨的; 敏锐的(英) adj. 刺骨的(penetratingl y cold)；敏锐的(perceptive)(例) Suddenly, there was a piercing scream from next room.

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piety PIETY ['pai2ti]

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PIETY n. 虔诚(英) n. 虔诚(dutifulness in religion; devoutness)(记) pious(虔诚的)名词;(同) 参考：impious(不敬 的)

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pigment PIGMENT ['pigm2nt]

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PIGMENT n. 天然色素; 干粉颜料(英) n. 天然色素(a coloring matter in animals and plants)；干粉颜料(a powdered substance that imparts colors to other materials)(考) pigment : color / spice : flavor(颜料形成颜色/调味 品形成味道)albino : pigment / prairie : tree(白化变种没有色素/ 大草原没有树木)(记) 联想记忆：pigmeat( 猪肉，肉感女人) →pigment(色素)(例) the pigment of the skin(皮肤的色素)

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pilfer PILFER ['pilf2]

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PILFER v. 偷窃(英) v. 偷窃(esp. to steal in small quantities)(考) abscond : depart / pilfer : take(逃跑是偷偷离开/偷 窃是偷偷获取)(记) 可能是pelf(钱财)+er →拿钱财→偷窃(例) Jimmy pilfered a few cookies when his mother wasn't looking.

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pilgrim PILGRIM ['pilgrim]

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PILGRIM n. 朝圣客,香客(英) n. 朝圣客，香客(one who travels to a shrine as a devotee)(考) shrine : pilgrim / peak : climber(朝圣者去圣地/攀登 者去顶峰)(例) Many pilgrims travel to a holy city.

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pilgrimage PILGRIMAGE ['pilgrimid7]

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PILGRIMAGE n. 朝圣之旅(英) n. 朝圣之旅 (journey made by a pilgrim)

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pillage PILLAGE ['pilid7]

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PILLAGE n./v. 抢劫,掠夺(英) n./v. 抢劫，掠夺( looting; plundering; ravage)(记) 来自pill(抢劫)+age

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pillar PILLAR ['pil2]

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PILLAR n. 柱子(英) n. 柱子 (a tall upright round post)(考) frieze : ornament / pillar : support / stockade : enclosure(横饰带用来装饰/柱 子用来支撑/栅栏用来 包围)colonnade : pillar / queue : person(柱子组成柱廊/人组 成队列)反义词：derelict(废 物)-pillar of society(社会栋梁)

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pillory PILLORY ['pil2ri]

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PILLORY n. 颈手枷; 示众,嘲弄(英) n. 颈手枷；示众，嘲弄( a means for exposing one for public scorn)(考) pillory : ridicule / guillotine : execute(示众为了嘲笑/断头 台为了处死)admonish : denounce / punish : pillory(谴责为了训诫/示众 为了惩罚)反义词：exalt(赞扬)(记) 注意不要和pillar(支 柱)相混

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pilot PILOT ['pail2t]

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PILOT n. 飞行员，领航员; v. 驾驶，领航(英) 飞行员,宇航员(a person who controls an aircraft)驾驶,领航(act as pilot of an aircraft)(考) pilot : ship / conductor : orchestra(领航员引导船/指挥 引导管弦乐队)

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pincers PINCERS ['pins2z]

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PINCERS n. 钳子,镊子(记) 由pinch(捏，掐)变化 而来

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pinch PINCH [pint6]

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PINCH v. 捏,掐; n. 一撮,一点(英) v. 捏，掐(compress， squeeze)；n. 一撮 ，一点(a very small amount)(考) 反义词：abundant amount(充足的数量)(例) a pinch of salt(一撮盐)

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pine PINE [pain]

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PINE n. 松树; v. (因疾病等)憔悴; 渴望(英) v.(因疾病等)憔悴(to lose vigor; anguish)渴望(desire)(考) leaf : oak / needle : pine / frond : fern(橡树的树叶/松树的 针叶/蕨类植物的蕨类 叶)longing : pine / remorse : rue(同义: 渴望对渴望/懊悔对懊 悔)反义词：become invigorated(变得有 活力)(例) pine away with grief(因悲痛而憔悴)

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pinnacle PINNACLE ['pin2k(2)l]

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PINNACLE n. 尖塔; 山峰,顶峰(英) n. 尖塔(spire)；山峰，顶峰(a lofty peak; summit)(记) 来自pin(针)+(n)acle →像针一样尖的东西 →山峰_(例) Receiving the prestigious award became the pinnacle of the actor's career.

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pinpoint PINPOINT ['pinp0int]

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PINPOINT v. 精确地找出或描述 adj. 非常精确的(英) v. 精确地找出或描述 (find or describe exactly);adj. 非常精确的 (very exact)(例) pinpoint precision

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pious PIOUS ['pai2s]

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PIOUS adj. 虔诚的; 虚伪的，伪善的(英) 虔诚的(showing and feeling deep respect for God and religion)虚伪的,伪善的(prete nding to have deep respect and sincere feelings)(例) He dismissed his critics as pious do-gooders who were afraid to face the facts.

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pipeline PIPELINE ['paiplain]

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PIPELINE n. 管道，管线(英) n. 管道，管线 (a line of connected pipes)(考) vessel : blood / pipeline : gas(血管流血/管道流 气)(记) pipe（管）+line（线 ）

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piquancy PIQUANCY ['pi:k2nsi]

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PIQUANCY n. 辛辣(考) 反义词：blandness( 无味)

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piquant PIQUANT ['pi:k2nt]

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PIQUANT adj. 辛辣的,开胃的(英) adj. 辛辣的，开胃的(agre eably stimulating to the palate; spicy; pungent)(考) redolent : smell / piquant : taste(芳香的气味/辛辣的 味道)(记) piqu(刺激)+ant→刺 激的，辣味的

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pique PIQUE [pi:k]

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PIQUE n./v. (因自尊心受伤害而导 致的)不悦,愤怒(英) n./v. (因自尊心受伤害而导 致的)不悦，愤怒(res entment; v. to arouse anger or resentment: irritate)(考) 反义词：mollify(抚 慰)(记) pique(刺激)→因刺激 而不高兴(例) She went off in a pique.

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pirate PIRATE ['pai2r2t]

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PIRATE n. 海盗,剽窃者; v. 盗印; 掠夺(英) n. 海盗，剽窃者(one who commits piracy)；v. 盗印(to reproduce without authorization in infringement of copyright)；掠夺(to take or appropriate by piracy)(考) pirate : take / forge : copy(掠夺是非法获得/伪 造是非法复制)(记) pir(转)+ate→在海上 转悠的人→海盗(例) Someone pirated the software program that was paid $100,000 to develop.

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pirouette PIROUETTE [`piru'et]

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PIROUETTE n./v. (舞蹈)脚尖立地的旋 转(英) n./v. (舞蹈)脚尖立地的旋 转(a full turn on the toe in ballet)(记) pirou(转)+ette(小动 作)→小转→脚尖立地 的旋转

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piscatorial PISCATORIAL [pisk2't0:ri2l]

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PISCATORIAL adj. 捕鱼的,渔民的(英) adj. 捕鱼的，渔民的(depe ndent on fishing; also piscatory)(记) 来自piscator(捕鱼人 )+ial→捕鱼的;(同) 参考：pisciculture( 鱼类养殖)

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pistol PISTOL ['pistl]

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PISTOL n. 手枪(英) n. 手枪(handgun)(考) dagger : scabbard / pistol : holster(匕首放在剑鞘中/手 枪放在枪套中)

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pitch PITCH [pit6]

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PITCH n. 沥青,柏油(英) 沥青,柏油(a black or dark substance obtained as a residue in the distillation of organic materials, esp. tars)pitch[pItS]n. 音调(音符之高低)(英) n. 音调(音符之高低)(a musical tone determined by the frequency)(考) frequency : pitch / wavelength : color(频率决定音高/波长 决定颜色)pitch : sound / color : light(音调由声音组成/颜 色由光组成)反义词(at the proper pitch)：off-key(走 调的)(例) Her voice dropped to a lower pitch.(他的声调低了 下来)

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pitcher PITCHER ['pit62]

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PITCHER n. 有柄水罐(英) n. 有柄水罐(a container for liquids)(记) 分割记忆:pitch-er;(同) adj. pitcherful

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pitfall PITFALL ['pitf0:l]

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PITFALL n. 陷阱;未料到的危险或 困难(英) n. 陷阱(trap)未料到的危险或困难( a hidden or not easily recognized danger or difficulty)(记) pit(坑，洞)+fall(落 下)→落下的坑→陷阱(例) Lisa was not aware of all the pitfalls she would encounter on her new job.

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pith PITH [pi4]

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PITH n. 精髓,要点(英) n. 精髓，要点(the essential part; core)(考) 反义词：superficial element(表面的因素) ; insignificant part(不重要的部分)(例) an argument without pith

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pithiness PITHINESS ['pi4inis]

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PITHINESS n. 有力，简洁(考) pithiness : aphorism / exaggeration : caricature(格言的特点是简洁/ 讽刺画的特点是夸张)

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pithy PITHY ['pi4i]

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PITHY adj. (讲话或文章)简练的(英) adj. (讲话或文章)简练的( tersely cogent; concise)(考) 反义词：prolix(冗长 的)(例) Her speech was short and pithy.

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pitiful PITIFUL ['pitif2l]

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PITIFUL adj. 值得同情的，可怜的(英) adj. 值得同情的，可怜的 (deserving pity)(记) pity（同情）+ful

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pittance PITTANCE ['pit2ns]

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PITTANCE n.微薄的薪俸,少量的 收入(英) n.微薄的薪俸,少量的 收入(small allowance or wage)(考) 反义词：cornucopia( 富饶)(例) He had received a mere pittance of education.(他只受过 一点儿教育)

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pivot PIVOT ['piv2t]

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PIVOT n. 枢轴,中心; v. 旋转(英) n. 枢轴，中心(a person, thing or factor having a major or central role)；v. 旋转(to turn on as if on a pivot)(例) the pivot of the controversy(争论的 中心)

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pivotal PIVOTAL ['piv2t2l]

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PIVOTAL adj. 枢轴的;中枢的;关键 的(英) adj. 枢轴的(of a pivot);中枢的( central);关键的(crucial)

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placate PLACATE [pl2'keit]

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PLACATE v. 抚慰,平息(愤怒)(英) v. 抚慰，平息(愤怒)(to soothe or mollify)(考) stratagem : deceive / concession : placate(谋略达到欺骗的目的 /让步达到抚慰的目的)inalienable : surrendered / implacable : propitiated(不让步的无法降服/ 不平静的无法缓和)反义词：antagonize( 对抗); peeve(触怒); gall(烦恼)(记) plac(平静)+ate→使 平静，平息(同) 同根词：implacable( 难以平息的); complacent(自满的)(例) John placated his landlord by paying half of the overdue rent.

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placebo PLACEBO [pl2'si:b2u]

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PLACEBO n. 安慰剂(英) n. 安慰剂(something tending to soothe)(考) placedo : painkiller / backdrop :vista(安慰剂是一种假的止 痛剂/舞台背景是一种 假的景色)placebo : innocuous / salve : unctuous/ venom : toxious(安慰剂是无害的/油 膏剂是油质的/毒液是 有毒的)(记) place(平静、安慰)+b o→安慰剂(例) Placebo are given to healthy patients who think they are sick to make them think they are being treated with medicine.

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placid PLACID ['pl9sid]

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PLACID adj. 安静的,平和的(英) adj. 安静的，平和的(sere nely free of interruption)(记) plac(平静)+id→平静 的，安静的(例) The raft floated on the placid lake.

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plagiarism PLAGIARISM ['pleid7i2riz2m]

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PLAGIARISM n. 剽窃,抄袭(英) n. 剽窃，抄袭(an act of committing literary theft)(考) plagiarism : ideas / rustling : cattle(剽窃偷别人的观点/ 偷牛偷别人的牛)plagiarism : ideas / forgery : documents(剽窃的观点是假的/ 伪造的文件是假的)(记) plagiar(斜的)+ism→ 做歪事→抄袭(同) 同根词：plagiotropi sm(斜向性); plage(海滩)

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plague PLAGUE [pleig]

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PLAGUE n. 瘟疫; 讨厌的人或物; v. 烦扰;(英) n. 瘟疫(fatal epidemic disease)；讨厌的人或物(anuisa nce) ；v. 烦扰(to disturb or annoy persistently)(例) plagued by poverty(被贫困所纠 缠) / a plague of locusts (蝗灾)

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plain PLAIN [plein]

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PLAIN adj. 简单的;清楚的 n. 平原(英) adj. 简单的(simple);清楚的(clear);n. 平原(a large stretch of flat land)(例) She made her annoyance plain.

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plaintiff PLAINTIFF ['pleintif]

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PLAINTIFF n. 原告(英) n. 原告(a person who brings a legal action)(记) plaint(哀诉，抱怨)+ iff→哀诉的一方→原告(同) 同根词：plaint(哀诉 ，起诉); complain(抱怨)(例) The plaintiff is suing the defendant for $100,000._

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plaintive PLAINTIVE ['pleintiv]

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PLAINTIVE adj. 可怜的,伤心的(英) adj. 可怜的，伤心的(expr essive of woe；melancholy)(记) plaint(哀诉)+ive; 参考: a plaintive old song(例) a plaintive old song

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plait PLAIT [pl9t]

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PLAIT n./v. 发辫,编成辫(英) n./v. 发辫，编成辫(a braid of hair)(考) knit : yarn / plait : hair(用纱线编织/用头发 编辫)(例) The woman wore her hair in two plaits.

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plane PLANE [plein]

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PLANE n. 刨子; 平面；v. 刨(英) n. 刨子(a tool for smoothing)；平面(a flat or level surface)(例) plane a table smooth(把桌子刨平)

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planet PLANET ['pl9nit]

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PLANET n. 行星(英) n. 行星 (a large body in space that moves round a star)

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planetary PLANETARY ['pl9nit2ri]

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PLANETARY adj. 行星的(记) 来自名词planet(行星 )+ary

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plangent PLANGENT ['pl9nd72nt]

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PLANGENT adj. 如泣如诉的,悲哀的(英) adj. 如泣如诉的，悲哀的( having a plaintive quality)(考) 反义词：muffled(压 抑的)(记) plang原意为拍打胸脯 ，表示哀痛

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plank PLANK [pl98k]

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PLANK n. 厚木板; 要点(英) n. 厚木板(a heavy thick board)；要点(a principal item)(例) a plank on foreign policy(对外政策的要 点)

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plankton PLANKTON ['pl98kt2n]

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PLANKTON n. 浮游生物(英) n. 浮游生物(minute animal and plant life of a body of water)

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plant PLANT [plnt]

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PLANT n. 植物 v.种植(考) greenhouse : plant / incubator : infant(温室养植物/保育箱 养婴儿)plant :soil / organism : medium(植物生长在土壤中/ 生物体生长在培养基 中)insect : pesticide / plant : herbicide(杀虫剂用来杀昆虫/ 除草剂用来杀植物)反义词: deracinate(根除)

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plantation PLANTATION [pl9n'tei62n]

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PLANTATION n.种植园；大农场(考) plantation : tobacco / media : bacteria(烟草在种植园中生长 /微生物在介质中生长)

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plaque PLAQUE [pl9k]

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PLAQUE n. 匾; 血小板(英) n. 匾(a flat decorative metal or stone plate)(考) artery : plaque / channel : silt(血小板阻碍动脉畅通 /淤泥阻碍航道畅通)

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plaster PLASTER ['plst2]

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PLASTER n. 灰泥,石膏; v. 抹泥(英) n. 灰泥，石膏(a pasty composition)(记) plast(塑造)+er→塑 造成墙的东西→灰泥(例) plaster over rough places on the wall

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plastic PLASTIC ['pl9stik]

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PLASTIC adj. 可塑的; n. 塑胶(英) adj. 可塑的(capable of being molded: pliable)(例) The sculptor molded the plastic clay with her hand.

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plasticity PLASTICITY [pl9s'tisiti]

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PLASTICITY n. 可塑性(英) n. 可塑性(capacity for being molded or altered)(考) dormant : inactivity / malleable : plasticity(休眠的具有不活动性 /可塑的具有可塑性)反义词：rigidity(坚 硬，刻板)(记) plast(塑造)+ic→可 塑的

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plateau PLATEAU ['pl9t2u]

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PLATEAU n. 高原; 平稳的状态(英) n. 高原；平稳的状态(a relatively stable period)(考) plateau : change / respite : activity(平稳没有变化/休止 没有活动)反义词：slope(斜面)(记) plat(平)+eau→高的 平地→高原(同) 同根词：plate(盘子) ; platform(站台)(例) The mountain climbers reached the first plateau by nightfall.

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platitude PLATITUDE ['pl9titju:d]

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PLATITUDE n. 陈词滥调(英) n. 陈词滥调(a banal, trite, or stale remark)(考) equivocation : ambiguous / platitude : banal(模棱两可的话含糊/ 陈词滥调陈腐)反义词：original observation(有新意 的评论)(记) plat(平)+itude→平 庸的状态→陈词滥调(同) adj. platitudious(例) My advisor's hollow platitudes weren't helpful.

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plaudit PLAUDIT ['pl0:dit]

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PLAUDIT v.喝彩,赞扬(英) v.喝彩,赞扬(praise; enthusiastic approval)(记) plaud(鼓掌)+it; 参考: applaud(鼓掌)

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plausible PLAUSIBLE ['pl0:z2b2l]

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PLAUSIBLE adj. 似乎合理的; 嘴巧的(英) adj. 似乎合理的(superfic ially reasonable or valuable；嘴巧的(superficiall y pleasing or persuasive)(记) plaus(鼓掌)+ible→ 值得鼓掌的→可行的(同) 派生词:plausibility (n. 似乎有理，善辩)(例) The jury believed the witness's plausible testimony.

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play PLAY [plei]

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PLAY n.戏剧(考) doggerel : verse / burlesque : play(打油诗是一种诗/讽 刺剧是一种戏剧)screen : movie / stage : play(电影在屏幕上放映/ 戏剧在舞台上表演)anecdote : story / skit : play(轶事是一种短故事/ 幽默剧是一种短戏剧)

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playful PLAYFUL ['pleiful]

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PLAYFUL adj. 爱打趣的，爱玩的(英) adj. 爱打趣的，爱玩的 (happily active)(考) playful : banter / exaggerated : hyperbole(戏谑的特点是逗乐/ 夸张法的特点是夸张)(记) play(玩)+ful

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playwright PLAYWRIGHT ['pleirait]

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PLAYWRIGHT n. 剧作家(英) n. 剧作家(a person who writes plays)(记) play(戏剧)+wright( 做的人)→剧作家;(同) 参考：cartwright(造 车匠)

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plaza PLAZA ['plz2]

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PLAZA n. 广场; 集市(英) n. 广场(a public square)；集市(shopping center)(记) 来自place(地方)

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pleasure PLEASURE ['ple72]

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PLEASURE n.快乐，愉快，高兴(考) hedonist : pleasure / recluse : privacy(享乐主义者喜欢快乐 /隐士喜欢独处/)blush : embarrassment / smile : pleasure(窘迫的表情是脸红/ 愉快的表情是微笑)pleasure : ecstasy / surprise : astonishment(程度: 高兴→狂喜/吃惊→大 吃一惊)dislike : loathing / pleasure : b

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pleat PLEAT [pli:t]

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PLEAT n. (衣服上的)褶(英) n. (衣服上的)褶(a fold in cloth)(记) plait(打褶，编辫子) 的变体

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plebeian PLEBEIAN [pli'bi:2n]

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PLEBEIAN n. /adj. 平民,平民的(英) n. /adj. 平民，平民的( of the common people)(记) plebe(古罗马平民)+i an→平民的(例) To the brave, there is but one sort of plebeian, and that is the coward.

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pledge PLEDGE [pled7]

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PLEDGE n. 誓言，保证; v. 发誓(英) n. 誓言，保证 (a solemn promise )(考) renounce : pledge / rescind : order(放弃誓言/废除命令)

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plenary PLENARY ['pli:n2ri]

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PLENARY adj.全权的;全体出席 的(英) adj.全权的([of power] complete);全体出席的(fully attended by all qualified members)

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plenitude PLENITUDE ['plentitju:d]

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PLENITUDE n. 完全; 大量(英) n. 完全(completeness) ；大量(a great sufficiency)(考) 反义词：vacuity(空 虚); dearth(缺乏)(记) plen(满)+itude→充 足，大量(同) 同根词：plenteous( 丰富的，丰产的); plenilune(满月)

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pleonastic PLEONASTIC [`pli:2'n9stik]

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PLEONASTIC adj. 罗嗦的(英) adj. 罗嗦的(using more words than necessary)(记) pleon(太多)+astic→ 太多的话→罗嗦的

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plethora PLETHORA ['ple42r2]

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PLETHORA n. 过量,过剩(英) n. 过量，过剩(excess, superfluity)(考) 反义词：dearth(缺乏 ); scarcity(缺乏)(记) pleth(满)+ora(嘴)→ 满嘴是食物→过剩(例) a plethora of regulations(泛滥的 规章)

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pliable PLIABLE ['plai2b2l]

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PLIABLE adj. 易弯的,柔软的(英) adj. 易弯的，柔软的(supp le enough to bend freely; ductile)(考) palpable : touch / pliable : mold(可触摸的可以触摸到 /易变形的可以塑造)static : movable / pliable : inflexible(反义: 静态对移动/柔软对僵 硬)反义词：rigid(僵硬 的)(例) The sheet of plastic becomes very pliable when it is warmed.

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pliant PLIANT ['plai2nt]

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PLIANT adj. 易受影响的;易弯的(英) adj. 易受影响的(easily influenced)；易弯的(pliable)(考) evanescent : disappear / pliant : yield(短暂的容易消失/易 受影响的容易屈从)pliant : influence / ticklish : offend(易受影响的容易被影 响/难对付的容易被冒 犯)反义词：mulish(顽固 的); intransigent(不妥协 的); intractable(难对付的)(记) pli(=ply弯，折)+abl e→能弯曲的

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pliers PLIERS ['plai2z]

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PLIERS n. 钳子(英) n. 钳子(a small pincers)(记) pli(=ply弯曲)+ers→ 使东西弯曲的东西→ 钳子

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plight PLIGHT [plait]

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PLIGHT n.困境,苦境(英) n.困境,苦境(difficu lt condition)(考) 反义词：favorable condition(顺境)

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plinth PLINTH [plin4]

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PLINTH n. 柱脚,底座(英) n. 柱脚，底座(a square block serving as a base)(记) 参考：pedestal(基座 )

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plod PLOD [pl0d]

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PLOD v. 重步走; 吃力干(英) v. 重步走(to walk heavily: trudge)；吃力干(drudge)(考) 反义词：flit(轻快地 掠过); gambol(雀跃)(例) The old man plodded wearily along the road.

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plodding PLODDING ['pl0di8]

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PLODDING adj. 沉重缓慢的，单调乏 味的(考) 反义词：meteoric(疾 速的)

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plot PLOT [pl0t]

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PLOT n. 情节; 阴谋(英) n. 情节(the plan or main story of a literary work)；阴谋(a secret plan; intrigue)(考) choreography : dance / plot : story(舞蹈有编舞/故事有 情节)joke : punch line / plot : denouement(妙语在笑话最后/结 局在情节最后)cohabit : reside / conspire : plot(同居是一起居住/共 谋是一起密谋)inveigle : interest / plot : plan(诱骗不是使人正常感 兴趣/搞阴谋不是正(例) a plot against the government(反政府的 阴谋) / plot a novel(构思小说)

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plough PLOUGH [plau]

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PLOUGH n. 犁; v. 犁地(英) 犁(a farming tool with a heavy cutting blade for breaking up and turning over the earth in fields)犁地(break up or turn over land with a plough)

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ploy PLOY [pl0i]

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PLOY n. 花招,手段(英) n. 花招，手段(a devised or contrived move)(例) Her usual ploy is to pretend to be ill, so that people will take pity on her.

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pluck PLUCK [pl3k]

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PLUCKn.勇气v.拔去(鸡、鸭等)毛, 采集

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plucky PLUCKY ['pl3ki]

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PLUCKY adj.有勇气的，有胆 量的(英) adj. 有勇气的，有胆量的 (brave and determined)

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plumage PLUMAGE ['plu:mid7]

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PLUMAGE n. 羽毛(英) n. 羽毛(the feathers of a bird)(记) plum(羽毛)+age→羽 毛

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plumb PLUMB [pl3m]

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PLUMB adv. 精确地; 完全地; v.了解意义; 测水深(英) adv. 精确地(exactly vertical or true)v.了解意义(to examine minutely and critically)；测水深 (to measure the depth with a plumb)(考) measure : dimensions / calibrate : diameter / gauge : pressure / plumb :depth(量尺寸/测直径/量压 力/测深度)assess : value / plumb : depth(评估价值/测量深度)反义词：horizontal( 水平的) ;examine superficially(肤浅 地检查); examine curiously(好奇地查看)(记) 由plumb(铅锤)意义转 化而来(例) It's not plumb impossible.(这并不 是完全不可能的) / plumb the complexities of a book(了解一本书的复 杂性)

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plumber PLUMBER ['pl3m2]

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PLUMBER n. 管子工，铅管工(英) n. 管子工，铅管工(a person whose job is to fit and repair water pipes, bathroom apparatus)

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plumbing PLUMBING ['pl3mpi8]

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PLUMBING n. 管道设备，水管(英) n. 管道设备，水管 (all the water pipes in a building)

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plume PLUME [plu:m]

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PLUME n. 羽毛; v. 整理羽毛; 搔首弄姿(英) n. 羽毛(a feather of a bird)v. 整理羽毛(to preen and arrange the feathers of) 搔首弄姿(to indulge in pride with an obvious or vain display of self-satisfaction)(同) 参考：preen(整理羽 毛)(例) She plumed herself on her good looks.(她因为自己外 表漂亮而沾沾自喜)

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plummet PLUMMET ['pl3mit]

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PLUMMET v. 垂直或突然地坠下(英) v. 垂直或突然地坠下(to fall perpendicularly or abruptly)(考) plummet : fall / swerve : turn(突然落下和落下/突 然转弯和转弯)waft : plummet / meander : dash(飘落相对突然落下/ 漫步相对猛冲)contract : implode / descend : plummet(收缩和急剧收缩/下 降和突然下降)(记) plummet原意为'测深 锤'(例) His popularity has plummeted.(他名望骤 降)

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plump PLUMP [pl3mp]

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PLUMP adj. 颇胖的,丰满的(英) adj. 颇胖的，丰满的(havi ng a full rounded pleasing form)(考) 反义词：svelte(苗条 的)(记) 注意不要和plumb(深 入了解)相混(例) She is plump without being fat. (她丰满但并不肥胖)

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plunder PLUNDER ['pl3nd2]

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PLUNDER v. 抢劫,掠夺(英) v. 抢劫，掠夺(to take the goods by force: pillage)(记) 分割记忆：pl看作pla ce(放)+under(在…下 面)放在自己下面→抢劫(例) They plundered all the valuable things they could find.

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plunge PLUNGE [pl3nd7]

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PLUNGE v. 向前倒下; 俯冲(英) v. 向前倒下; 俯冲( move suddenly forwards and downwards)(考) hover : plunge / crouch : spring(俯冲之前盘旋/跳起 之前蹲伏)(例) a plunge into the sea from the rocks

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plush PLUSH [pl36]

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PLUSH adj. 豪华的(英) adj. 豪华的(notably luxurious)(记) 注意不要和blush(脸 红)相混(同) 近形词: blush(脸红); flush(丰足的; 冲洗); lush(青翠的)(例) plush mansions(豪华大厦)

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plutocracy PLUTOCRACY [plu:'t0kr2si]

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PLUTOCRACY n. 富豪; 财阀统治(英) n. 财阀统治(government by the wealthy)(考) plutocracy : wealth / gerontocracy : age(财阀统治是有财富的 人统治/老人政治是有 年龄的人统治)(记) pluto(财富)+cracy( 统治)→财阀统治，来 自Plutus(希腊神话中 的财神)(同) 同根词：plutolatry( 拜金主义); plutonomy(政治经济 学)

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pneumonia PNEUMONIA [nju:'m2uni2]

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PNEUMONIA n. 肺炎(记) pneumon(肺，元气)+i a→肺炎(同) 同根词：pneuma(元气 ，精神) ; pneumatic(元气的， 精神的)

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pod POD [p0d]

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POD n. 豆荚; v. 剥掉(豆荚)(英) n. 豆荚(long seed vessel of various plants, esp. peas and beans)；v. 剥掉(豆荚 )(take ［peas］ out of pods)

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podiatry PODIATRY [p2u'dai2tri]

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PODIATRY n. 足病科(英) n. 足病科(the medical care and treatment of the human foot)(考) dermatologist : skin / podiatrist : feet(皮肤科医生看皮肤/ 足科医生看脚)(记) pod(足，脚)+iatry( 医学科)→足病科;(同) 参考：podiatrist(足 病医生)

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podium PODIUM ['p2udi2m]

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PODIUM n. 讲坛,指挥台(英) n. 讲坛，指挥台(a base esp. for an orchestral conductor)(记) pod(脚)+ium→站脚的 地方→讲坛(例) The lecture arranged her notes on the podium.

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poem POEM ['p2uim]

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POEM n.诗(考) stanza : poem / act : opera(诗的一节/剧的一幕)tango : dance / elegy : poem(探戈是一种舞蹈/哀 诗是一种诗)limerick : poem / lampoon : satire(打油诗是一种诗/讽 刺文章是一种讽刺作 品)statue : sculpture / ode : poem(雕像是一种雕塑/颂 诗是一种诗)

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poetaster POETASTER [`p2ui't9st2]

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POETASTER n. 蹩脚诗人(英) n. 蹩脚诗人(an inferior poet)(记) poet(诗人)+aster(小 星星，小人物)→蹩脚 诗人

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poetry POETRY ['p2uitri]

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POETRY n.诗歌，诗(考) dirge : music / elegy : poetry(挽歌是一种悲伤的音 乐/哀诗是一种悲伤的 诗)prose : paragraph / poetry : stanza(散文由段落组成/诗 由诗节组成)

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poignant POIGNANT ['p0inj2nt]

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POIGNANT adj. 伤心的; 尖锐的(英) adj. 伤心的(painfully affecting the feelings)；尖锐的(c utting)(记) poign(刺)+ant→刺的 ，尖锐的(同) 派生词: poignancy (n. 辛酸事，尖锐)(例) poignant memories of my old life in another country

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pointer POINTER ['p0int2]

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POINTER n. 一种短毛猎犬(记) point(尖)+er→因该 种狗鼻尖而名

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pointless POINTLESS ['p0intlis]

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POINTLESS adj. 无意义的;无用的，无 益的(英) adj. 无意义的 (meaningless);无用的，无益的 (useless)(例) make a pointless remark

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poise POISE [p0iz]

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POISE v. 使相等,使平衡; n. 泰然自若,信心(英) v. 使相等，使平衡( to hold in equilibrium)；n. 泰然自若，信心(easy self-possessed assurance of manner)(例) He is cool and poised. (他冷静沉着)

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poised POISED ['p0izd]

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POISED adj. 镇定的，沉着的;平衡 的(英) adj. 镇定的，沉着的 (having or showing poise);平衡的 (carefully balanced)

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poison POISON ['p0iz2n]

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POISON n. 毒药，毒物; v. 毒死(英) v. 毒死( harm or kill with poison)(考) detoxify : poison / dehydrate : water(解毒是要去除毒/脱 水是要去除水)antidote : poison / tonic : lethargy(解毒剂是用来解除毒 素/补药是用来解除困 乏)detoxification : poison / neutralization : acid(解毒去毒/中和去酸)

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poisonous POISONOUS ['p0iz2n2s]

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POISONOUS adj. 有毒的; 有害的(英) adj. 有毒的 (containing poison);有害的 (having the effects of poison)(考) ductility : malleable / toxicity : poisonous(延展的[东西]有延展 性/有毒的[东西]有毒 性)(例) the poisonous doctrine of racial superiority

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poke POKE [p2uk]

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POKE v. 刺,戳; 嘲弄(英) v. 刺，戳(prod, stab, thrust)；嘲弄(ridicule, mock)(例) He poked me with his umbrella.

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poky POKY ['p2uki]

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POKY adj. (地方)狭小的,不舒适 的(英) adj. (地方)狭小的，不舒 适的(small and cramped)(例) a poky little room

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polarity POLARITY [p2'l9riti]

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POLARITY n. 极端性,二极分化(英) n. 极端性，二极分化(di ametrical opposition)(记) polar(地极的)+ity(例) A growing polarity between the opinions of the government and those of th trade unions.

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polarization POLARIZATION [`p2ul2rai'zei6n]

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POLARIZATION n. 极化, 分裂(英) n. 极化, 分裂(division into two opposites)

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polemic POLEMIC [p2'lemik]

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POLEMIC n. 争论,论战(英) n. 争论，论战(an aggressive attack or refutation)(考) polemic : disputatious / invective : abusive(爱争论的人争论/爱 辱骂的人漫骂)(记) polem(战争)+ic→战 争，争论;(同) 参考：polemology(战 争学)

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polemical POLEMICAL [p2'lemik2l]

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POLEMICAL adj. 挑起论战的(英) adj. 挑起论战的(controve rsial)(考) 反义词：conciliator y(调和的)(记) polem(战争)+ic→战 争,争论 同根词:polemology( 战争学)

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polish POLISH ['p0li6]

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POLISH v. 把...擦光亮; n. 上光剂; (态度等)优雅(英) v. 把…擦光亮(to make smooth and glossy: burnish)；n. 上光剂(a preparation that is used to polish sth.)；(态度等)优雅(freedo m from rudeness or coarseness)(考) circumspect : prudence / urbane : polish(谨慎的[人]谨慎/文 雅的[人]文雅)lustrous : polish / pure : refine(抛光使有光泽/提纯 使纯)反义词：gaucheness( 粗鲁)(例) She plays the piano with great polish.她钢琴弹得优 雅之极.

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polished POLISHED ['p0li6t]

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POLISHED adj. 精致的，完美的;文雅 的(英) adj. 精致的，完美的 (done with great skill and control);文雅的 (polite and graceful)(考) 反义词：rustic(乡村 的); untutored (粗野的)

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politeness POLITENESS [p2'laitnis]

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POLITENESS n.礼貌(考) dissemble : honesty / snub : politeness(诚实[的人]不会掩饰 /礼貌[的人]不会怠慢)

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politic POLITIC ['p0litik]

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POLITIC adj. 考虑周到的，明智的(英) adj. 考虑周到的，明智的 (well-judged)(考) politic : offend / aloof : associate(精明的人不会冒犯/ 冷淡的人不会合作)反义词：unsophistic ated(不老练的); officious(多管闲事 的)(例) When the fight began, he thought it politic to leave.

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politicize POLITICIZE [p2'litisaiz]

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POLITICIZE v. 使政治化，使具有政 治性(英) v. 使政治化，使具有政 治性 ( give a political character to)(例) The strike has now been politicized.

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poll POLL [p2ul]

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POLL n. 民意测验; 选举投票(英) n. 民意测验; 选举投票 (the giving of votes in writing)

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pollen POLLEN ['p0l2n]

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POLLEN n. 花粉

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pollinate POLLINATE ['p0lineit]

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POLLINATE v. 给...授粉(英) v. 给…授粉(to carry out the transfer of pollen)(同) 派生词: pollination (n. 授粉)

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pollster POLLSTER ['p2ulst2]

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POLLSTER n. 民意测验家(英) n. 民意测验家(one that conducts a poll)(考) exponent : advocate / pollster : canvass(鼓吹者善于鼓吹/民 意测验家善于调查)(记) poll(民意调查)+ster (人)

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poltroon POLTROON [p0l'tru:n]

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POLTROON n. 懦夫(英) n. 懦夫(a spiritless coward: craven)(记) poltr(=colt小马)+oo n→原指小马受惊→懦夫

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polyandry POLYANDRY [`p0li'9ndri,'p0li9ndri]

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POLYANDRY n. 一妻多夫制(英) n. 一妻多夫制(having more than one husband)(记) poly(多)+andry(男人 )→多个男人;(同) 参考：androphobia( 恐男症)(例) Polyandry is practiced among certain animals.

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polygamy POLYGAMY [p2'lig2mi]

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POLYGAMY n. 一夫多妻制,多配偶制(英) n. 一夫多妻制，多配偶 制(have more than one mate at the same time)(记) poly(多)+gam(婚姻)+ y→多婚姻(例) Polygamy is acceptable in some religions.

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polyglot POLYGLOT ['p0ligl0t]

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POLYGLOT n./adj. 通晓多种语言的(人)(英) n./adj. 通晓多种语言的(人)( multilingual)(记) poly(多)+glot(声门 ，语言)→多语言的( 人)

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polymath POLYMATH ['p0lim94]

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POLYMATH n. 知识广博者(英) n. 知识广博者(a person of encyclopedic learning)(记) poly(多)+math(学习) →学得多→知识广博

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pomposity POMPOSITY [p0m'p0siti]

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POMPOSITY n. 自大,傲慢(英) n. 自大，傲慢(arrogant demeanor, speech, or behavior)

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pompous POMPOUS ['p0mp2s]

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POMPOUS adj. 自大的(英) adj. 自大的(having or exhibiting self-importance; arrogant)(考) bombast : pompous / tirade : critical / drivel : nonsensical(夸大言辞的特点是夸 大的/攻击性演说的特 点是批评的/胡说的特 点是荒谬的)pontificate : pompous / scoff : derisive / drawl : slow / bluster : loud / prate: aimless(装腔作势特点是夸大 的/嘲弄特点是嘲笑的 /懒洋洋说特点是缓慢 的/咆哮特点是大声的 /空谈特点是无目的(记) pomp(炫耀)+osity→ 过分炫耀，自大(例) a pompous politician(自命不凡 的政客)

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poncho PONCHO ['p0nt62u]

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PONCHO n. 斗篷; 雨衣(英) n. 斗篷(a blanket worn as a sleeveless garment)；雨衣(a waterproof garment)(例) a waterproof poncho(防水披风)

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ponder PONDER ['p0nd2]

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PONDER v. 仔细考虑(英) v. 仔细考虑(to weigh in the mind；reflect on)(记) pond(重量)+er→掂重 量→思考(例) The prisoner pondered how to escape.

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ponderous PONDEROUS ['p0nd2r2s]

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PONDEROUS adj. 笨重的,笨拙的(英) adj. 笨重的，笨拙的(unwi eldy or clumsy)(考) 反义词：gossamer(轻 而薄的); lively(轻的); ethereal(轻的); slight(轻的); vibrant(活泼的); briskly(活泼的)(记) ponder(重量)+ous→ 有重量的→笨重的(例) The ponderous elephant plodded toward the river.

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poniard PONIARD ['p0nj2d]

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PONIARD adj. 匕首,短剑(英) adj. 匕首，短剑(a dagger with a slender blade)

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pontifical PONTIFICAL [p0n'tifik2l]

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PONTIFICAL adj. 自以为是的; 武断的(英) adj. 自以为是的(pompous) ；武断的(pretentiousl y dogmatic)(记) 来自pontiff(教皇， 主教)；v. pontificate (武断发表意见)(例) say in pontifical tones(用自以为是的 口气说)

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pontificate PONTIFICATE [p0n'tifik2t]

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PONTIFICATE v. 自大武断地做，装模 作样地说(英) v.自大武断地做，装 模作样地说(speak like a pontiff)(考) pontificate : speak / strut(swagger): walk(骄傲地说和说/骄傲 地走和走)反义词：speak modestly(谦虚地说); comment tentatively(试验性 地评论)

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pony PONY ['p2uni]

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PONY n. 小马(英) n. 小马(a small horse)(记) 参考：colt(小马)

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populace POPULACE ['p0pjul2s]

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POPULACE n. 民众,老百姓(英) n. 民众，老百姓(the common people: masses)(记) popul(人民)+ace→民 众(同) 同根词：population( 人口); popularity(流行)(例) The American populace elects a president every four years.

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popular POPULAR ['p0pjul2]

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POPULAR adj. 受大众喜欢的; 通俗的(英) adj. 受大众喜欢的 (liked by many people)

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population POPULATION [`p0pju'lei62n]

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POPULATION n. 人口(考) census : population / inventory : merchandise(stock)(人口普查查人口/货 物盘点查商品（存货 ）)demography : population / meteorology : weather(人口统计学研究人口 /气象学研究天气)

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populous POPULOUS ['p0pjul2s]

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POPULOUS adj. 人口稠密的(英) adj. 人口稠密的(densely populated)(记) popul(人民)+ous(例) California is the most populous state in the United States.

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porcelain PORCELAIN ['p0:slin]

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PORCELAIN n. 瓷,瓷器(考) clay : porcelain / flax : linen(瓷器由黏土造成/亚 麻布由亚麻造成)glaze: porcelain / varnish : wood(釉面保护瓷器/清漆 保护木头)

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porcine PORCINE ['p0:sain]

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PORCINE adj. 猪的,似猪的(英) adj. 猪的，似猪的(sugges ting swine)(记) porc(猪)+ine→猪的(同) 同根词：porcupine( 豪猪); pork(猪肉)

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porcupine PORCUPINE ['p0:kjupain]

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PORCUPINE n. 豪猪；箭猪

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pore PORE [p0:]

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PORE n.毛孔,气孔;v.仔细 地阅读(英) n.毛孔,气孔(a very small opening);v.仔细地阅读(study industriously)(考) pore : membrane / door : room(细胞膜有孔可以出入 /房间有门可以出入)

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porous POROUS ['p0:r2s]

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POROUS adj. 可渗透的; 多孔的(英) adj. 可渗透的(capable of being penetrated)；多孔的(full of pores)(考) porous : liquid / transparent : light(可渗透的可以透过液 体/透明的可以透过光 线)反义词：impermeable (不能渗透的)(记) por(孔)+ous→有孔的 ;(同) 参考：pore(毛孔)派生词: porosity (n. 有孔性)(例) The porous sponge quickly soaked up the water.

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porridge PORRIDGE ['p0rid7]

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PORRIDGE n.麦片粥(英) n.麦片粥(soft food made by boiling oatmeal)

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portable PORTABLE ['p0:t2b2l]

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PORTABLE adj. 轻便的,手提式的(英) adj. 轻便的，手提式的(ca pable of being carried)(记) port(拿)+able→可以 拿的→轻便的(同) 同根词：portage(搬 运费); transport(运输)(例) John worked at his portable computer in the cafe.

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portend PORTEND [p0:'tend]

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PORTEND v. 预兆,预示(英) v. 预兆，预示(to give an omen; bode)(记) por(=pro在前面)+ten d(倾向)→预示，预兆

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portent PORTENT ['p0:tent]

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PORTENT n. 凶兆,异兆(英) n. 凶兆，异兆(somethin g that foreshadows a coming event: omen)(记) 来自portend(预兆)(例) a portent for further trouble

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portentous PORTENTOUS [p0:'tent2s]

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PORTENTOUS adj. 凶兆的,有危险的(英) adj. 凶兆的，有危险的( constituting a portent)(考) 反义词：regular(正 常的)(例) Portentous dark clouds loomed overhead.

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portfolio PORTFOLIO [p0:t'f2uli2u]

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PORTFOLIO n. 文件夹; 股份单(英) n. 文件夹(a hinged cover)；股份单(the securities held by an investor)(考) portfolio : securities / dossier : reports(股份单是股票的总体 /档案是报告的总体)(记) port(拿)+folio(树叶 )→拿在手里的叶子→ 文件夹(例) The designer removed her drawings from her portfolio.

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portion PORTION ['p0:62n]

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PORTION n. 一部分(英) n. 一部分 (a part of something larger)(记) port（部分）+ion

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portrait PORTRAIT ['p0:trit]

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PORTRAIT n. 肖像画(英) n. 肖像画 (a painting ,drawing, or photograph of a real person )(考) portrait : painting / biography : history / jazz : music(肖像画是一种画/传 记是一种历史/爵士乐 是一种音乐)portrait : person / seascape : ocean(肖像画画人/海景画 画海)

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portraiture PORTRAITURE ['p0:trit62]

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PORTRAITURE n. 肖像画; 肖像画技法(英) n. 肖像画; 肖像画技法 (the art of making portraits)(考) jazz : music / portraiture : painting(爵士乐是一种音乐/ 肖像画是一种画)(记) 来自名词portrait(肖 像画)

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portray PORTRAY [p0:'trei]

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PORTRAY v. 描绘，描述(英) v. 描绘，描述 (make a representation or description of)(例) The diary portrays his family as quarrelsome and malicious.

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pose POSE [p2uz]

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POSE v. 摆姿势; 造作(英) v. 摆姿势(to assume a posture)；造作(to affect an attitude to impress)(例) She posed and smiled for the cameraman.

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poseur POSEUR [p2u'z2:]

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POSEUR n. 装模作样的人(英) n. 装模作样的人(an affected or insincere person)(考) poseur : sincerity / recluse : gregariousness(装腔作势者不真诚/ 隐士不群居)反义词：sincere person(诚恳的人)

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posit POSIT ['p0zit]

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POSIT v. 假定,认为(英) v. 假定，认为(to assume or affirm the existence of；postulate)(考) 反义词：deny(否认)(记) position反推成posit

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positiveness POSITIVENESS ['p0zitivnis]

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POSITIVENESS n. 肯定,信心(英) n. 肯定，信心(being fully assured: confidence)

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posse POSSE ['p0si]

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POSSE n. 民防团(英) n. 民防团 (a group of men gathered together by a sheriff to help find a criminal or keep order)

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possessed POSSESSED [p2'zest]

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POSSESSED adj. 着迷的; 疯狂的(英) adj. 着迷的; 疯狂的(influenced or controlled by something；mad, crazed)(记) 来自possess(拥有， 迷住)+ed→被(邪念) 迷住的→疯狂的

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possession POSSESSION [p2'ze62n]

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POSSESSION n. 占有;个人财产, 所有权(英) n. 占有(owning something);个人财产, 所有权(personal property)(考) preempt : precedence / acquire : possession(先占就是取得优先权 /获得就是取得所有权)

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poster POSTER ['p2ust2]

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POSTER n. 海报，招贴画(英) n. 海报，招贴画(a large printed notice, picture, or photograph)(记) post（邮件，邮政）+ er（表示东西）→通 过邮寄贴出去的东西 →招贴画

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posterior POSTERIOR [p0'sti2ri2]

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POSTERIOR adj. (在时间,次序上)较后 的(英) adj. (在时间，次序上)较 后的(later in time；subsequent)(记) post(后)+terior→后 面的;(同) 参考：posterity(子 孙，后代)(例) The posterior section of the plane was struck by a missile.

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posterity POSTERITY [p0'steriti]

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POSTERITY n. 后代,子孙(英) n. 后代，子孙(all future generations)(记) post(后)+erity→后 面的人→后代(例) The author hoped her poems would survive for posterity.

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posthumous POSTHUMOUS ['p0stjum2s]

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POSTHUMOUS adj. 死后的; 遗腹的(英) adj. 死后的(following or occurring after death)；遗腹的(born after the death of the father)(记) post(后)+hum(土)+ou s→入土以后→死后的(例) a posthumous child

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postmodern POSTMODERN [p2ust'm0d2n]

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POSTMODERN adj. 后现代主义的，后现 代派的(记) post（在后面）+mode rn（现代的）

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postpone POSTPONE [p2ust'p2un]

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POSTPONE v. 使延期，推迟(英) v. 使延期，推迟 ( move to some later time)(记) post（在后面）+pone （放）→放在后面→ 推迟

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postulate POSTULATE ['p0stjuleit]

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POSTULATE v. 假定; 要求(英) v. 假定(to assume or claim; presume)；要求(demand, claim)(考) 反义词：deny as false(作为假的否认)(记) postul(放)+ate→放 出观点→假定;(同) 参考：expostulate( 告诫，警告)(例) He postulates that energy is expended within the plant.

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posture POSTURE ['p0st62]

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POSTURE n. 姿势，体态; 态度; v. 故作姿态(英) v. 故作姿态( talk or behave unnaturally)(考) posturer : unaffected / bigot : tolerant(做作者不会自然/固 执己见者不会宽容)反义词：behave naturally(举止自然)(同) 派生词：posturer(做 作者)

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potable POTABLE ['p2ut2b2l]

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POTABLE adj. 适于饮用的(英) adj. 适于饮用的(suitable for drinking)(考) potable : beverage / habitable : dwelling(饮料是适于饮用的/ 住处是适于居住的)反义词：undrinkable (不可饮用的)(记) pot(喝)+able→可喝 的(同) 同根词：potation(饮 ，饮酒); potamic(河流的)(例) Gallons of potable water were delivered to the disaster site.

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potation POTATION [p2'tei6(2)n]

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POTATION n. 畅饮; 饮料(英) n. 畅饮(the act of drinking or inhaling)；饮料(an alcoholic drink or brew)

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potency POTENCY ['p2ut2nsi]

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POTENCY n. 能力(英) n. 能力(the ability or capacity to achieve; strength)(记) poten(力量)+cy→力 量

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potent POTENT ['p2ut2nt]

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POTENT adj. 强有力的(英) adj. 强有力的(having or wielding force: powerful)(同) 同根词：potential( 有潜在力量的)(例) John longed to be potent again.

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potentate POTENTATE ['p2ut2nteit]

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POTENTATE n. 统治者,当权者(英) n. 统治者，当权者(rule r, sovereign)(考) virtuoso : skill / potentate : power(鉴赏家有技能/统治 者有权力)反义词：subject(臣 民)(记) potent(力量)+ate→ 有力量的人(例) The potentate empire stretched across three continents.

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potentiate POTENTIATE [p2u'ten6ieit]

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POTENTIATE v. 加强(力量, 效果)(考) 反义词：deactivate( 使无效)(例) A novelist's work may be potentiated by his experience of war and of suffering.

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potpourri POTPOURRI [p2u'pu2ri]

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POTPOURRI n. 混杂,杂文集(英) n. 混杂，杂文集(a miscellaneous collection: medley)(记) 分割记忆：pot(锅)+p our(倾倒)+ri→倒在 一锅里→混杂

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potshot POTSHOT ['p0t60t]

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POTSHOT n. 乱射，任意射击(英) n. 乱射，任意射击 (a carelessly aimed shot)

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pottery POTTERY ['p0t2ri]

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POTTERY n. 制陶; 陶器(英) n. 制陶 (the work of a potter);陶器 (pots and other objects)(考) pottery : shard / bread : crumb(陶器和陶器碎片/面 包和面包屑)

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poultice POULTICE ['p2ultis]

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POULTICE n.膏药,泥敷剂(英) n.膏药,泥敷剂(sth. applied to sore and inflamed portions of the body)

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pout POUT [paut]

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POUT v.厥嘴, 板脸(英) v.厥嘴, 板脸(to show displeasure by thrusting out the lips)(考) 反义词：grin(露齿而 笑)

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practice PRACTICE ['pr9ktis]

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PRACTICE v./n.实践，练习(考) practicing : expertise / exercising : strength(实践形成专业技能/ 锻炼形成力量)

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practitioner PRACTITIONER [pr9k'ti62n2]

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PRACTITIONER n. 开业者; 从事某种手艺者(英) n. 开业者; 从事某种手艺者(a person who performs a skill or art)(考) 反义词：fledgling( 无经验者); quack(假充内行者)

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pragmatic PRAGMATIC [pr9g'm9tik]

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PRAGMATIC adj. 实际的,实用主义的(英) adj. 实际的，实用主义的( practical as opposed to idealistic)(记) pragm(实际)+atic→ 实际的;(同) 参考：practical(实 际的，pract=prag)(例) The successful boss took a pragmatic approach to solving problems.

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praise PRAISE [preiz]

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PRAISE v./n.赞扬，赞美(考) panegyric(eulopy hymn paean) : praise / valediction : farewell / elegy : \lament / dirge : grief / autobiography : reminisce(颂词表示赞扬/告别 词表示告别/哀诗表示 哀伤/挽歌表示悲伤/ 自传表示回忆)hubris : pride / flattery : praise(自大是过分自豪/奉 承是过分赞扬)

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prance PRANCE [prns]

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PRANCE v.昂首阔步(英) v.昂首阔步(move about proudly and confidently)(例) He pranced out of the room in a dudgeon.(他怒气冲冲 昂首阔步走出房间)

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prank PRANK [pr98k]

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PRANK n. 恶作剧,玩笑(英) n. 恶作剧，玩笑(a malicious, mildly mischievous, or ludicrous act)(记) 不要和plank(厚木板) 相混；(同) 派生词: prankster(n. 顽皮的人，爱开玩笑 的人)(例) As a prank, Susan put sugar in the salt shaker.

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prate PRATE [preit]

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PRATE v. 瞎扯,胡说(英) v. 瞎扯，胡说(to talk long and idly: chatter)(考) prate : speak / saunter : walk(闲聊是无目的地说/ 闲逛是无目的地走)(记) 参考：prattle(闲聊)(例) prate without ceasing(唠叨个不停)

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prattle PRATTLE ['pr9tl]

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PRATTLE v. 闲聊,空谈(英) v. 闲聊，空谈(to say in an unaffected or childish manner)(例) The girls prattled on about their clothes.

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preach PREACH [pri:t6]

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PREACH v. 传教,讲道(英) v. 传教，讲道(to deliver a sermon)(考) nitpicker : critcize / preacher : sermon / quibbler :cavil(挑错者批判/传道士 传道/吹毛求疵者挑剔)(记) 分割记忆：p看作prie st, reach(到达)，牧师到 达→传教(例) preach honesty to young people

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preamble PREAMBLE ['pri:9mb2l]

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PREAMBLE n. 前言,序言;开端,先兆(英) n. 前言，序言(the introductory part of a constitution or statute)(考) oveture : opera / prolgue : novel / preamdle : statute(序曲是歌剧开头/前 言是小说开头/序言是 法律开头)(记) pre(前)+amble(跑)→ 跑在前面→前言(例) without preamble(开门见山的 ,单刀直入的)

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precarious PRECARIOUS [pri'ke2ri2s]

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PRECARIOUS adj. 不稳的,危险的(英) adj. 不稳的，危险的(unsa fe,uncertain)(考) precarious : stability / spent : efficacy(不稳的无稳定/用尽 的无功效)反义词: firmly grounded(理由充分的 ); safe(安全的); secure(安全); stable(稳定)(记) pre(前)+car(=care小 心)+ious→要预先小 心→危险的

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precede PRECEDE [pri'si:d]

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PRECEDE v. 在...之前,早于(英) v. 在…之前，早于(to be earlier than)(例) Are you certain the minister's statement preceded that of the president?

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precedence PRECEDENCE ['presid2ns]

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PRECEDENCE n. 优先权(英) n. 优先权 (the right to be put or dealt with before others)(考) preempt : precedence / acquire : possession(先占取得优先权/获 得取得所有权)

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precedent PRECEDENT ['presid2nt]

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PRECEDENT n. 先例,前例(英) n. 先例，前例(somethin g said or done that may serve as an example or rule)(考) unexceptionable : oppose / infinite : end / unique : precedent(无懈可击的不会有反 对/无限的不会有结束 /独特的不会有先例)(记) pre(前)+cede(走)→ 走在前面(例) Mary set a precedent by allowing Jimmy to stay up until _9:00_ p.m.

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precept PRECEPT ['pri:sept]

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PRECEPT n. 箴言,格言(英) n. 箴言，格言(a command or principle; doctrine)(记) pre(预先)+cept(拿住 )→预先接受的话→格言(同) 近形词：percept(感 觉，知觉)(例) The precepts of the ancient religions have been recorded for thousands of years.

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precipice PRECIPICE ['presipis]

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PRECIPICE n. 悬崖(英) n. 悬崖(a very steep or overhanging place)(考) precipice : steepness / defile : narrowness(断崖很险峻/狭谷很 狭窄)(记) pre(前面)+cip(落下) +ice→前面(突然)落 下→悬崖(例) The mountain climbers inched up the precipice.

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precipitant PRECIPITANT [pri'sipit2nt]

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PRECIPITANT adj. 仓促的 n.沉淀剂(英) adj. 仓促的(abrupt and sudden)(考) 反义词：solvent(溶 剂)

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precipitate PRECIPITATE [pri'sipiteit]

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PRECIPITATE v. 加速,促成; adj.鲁莽的(英) v. 加速，促成(to bring about abruptly)；adj. 鲁莽的(exhibiting violent or unwise speed)(考) 反义词：forestall( 预先阻止); deliberate(深思熟虑 的); retard(阻碍); dilatory(拖延的)(记) pre(提前)+cipit(落 下)+ate→提前落下→ 加速(例) World War I was precipitated by political assassination.

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precipitation PRECIPITATION [pri`sipi'tei62n]

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PRECIPITATION n. 急躁; 降雨(量)(英) n. 急躁(hastiness)；降水(量)(fall of rain, sleet, snow or hail)(考) snow : precipitation / hurricane : cyclone(雪是降水的一种/飓 风是卷风的一种)

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precipitous PRECIPITOUS [pri'sipit2s]

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PRECIPITOUS adj. 陡峭的; 仓促的(英) adj. 陡峭的(very steep, perpendicular)；仓促的(precipitate)(考) 反义词：gradually sloping(渐渐平缓); level(变平)(记) pre(提前)+cipit(落 下)+ous→仓促的(例) The skier viewed the precipitous slope as a challenge.

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precis PRECIS [prei'si:]

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PRECIS n.大纲, 摘要

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precision PRECISION [pri'si72n]

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PRECISION n. 精确，准确(英) n. 精确，准确 (exactness)(记) 来自形容词precise( 精确的；pre[预先]+c ise[切] →预先切好的→精确 的）+ion

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preclude PRECLUDE [pri'klu:d]

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PRECLUDE v. 避免,排除(英) v. 避免，排除(rule out in advance; prevent)(记) pre(预先)+clude(关 闭)→提前关掉→排除(同) 同根词：occlude(堵 塞); exclude(排除)(例) Let's be exact in what we say so as to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.

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precocious PRECOCIOUS [pri'k2u62s]

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PRECOCIOUS adj. 早熟的(英) adj. 早熟的(premature)(记) pre(提前)+coc(=cook 煮饭)+ious→饭提前 煮好→早熟的(例) The precocious six-year-old recited the names of all the states.

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precognition PRECOGNITION [`pri:k0g'ni62n]

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PRECOGNITION n. 预感,早知(英) n. 预感，早知(knowledg e of sth.before it happens)(记) pre(预先)+cogn(知道 )+ition→预先知道→ 预感

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preconception PRECONCEPTION [`pri:k2n'sep62n]

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PRECONCEPTION n. 先人之见， 偏见(英) n. 先入之见， 偏见(a preconceived idea)(记) pre(预先)+conceptio n(观念)

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precursor PRECURSOR [pri'k2:s2]

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PRECURSOR n. 先驱,先兆(英) n. 先驱，先兆(forerunn er)(记) pre(前面)+curs(跑)+ or→跑在前面的人→ 先驱(例) Dark clouds are a precursor of rain.

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precursory PRECURSORY [`pri:'k2:s2ri]

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PRECURSORY adj. 先驱的(考) 反义词：derivative( 派生的)

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predator PREDATOR ['pred2t2]

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PREDATOR n. 食肉动物(英) n. 食肉动物(an animal that lives by killing and consuming other animals)(记) predat(破坏，掠夺)+ or→掠夺者，食肉动物(同) 同根词：predation( 捕食，掠夺); predatory（掠夺的）(例) The most dangerous predators of many animals are human beings.

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predecessor PREDECESSOR ['pri:dises2]

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PREDECESSOR n. 前任，前辈; 原先的东西(英) 前任,前辈(a person who held a position before someone else)原先的东西(somethin g formerly used, but which has now been changed for something else)(考) legacy : predecessor / gift : donor(前辈留下遗产/捐赠 者留下赠品)(例) Will the new plan be any more acceptable than its predecessors?

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predestine PREDESTINE [pri'destin]

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PREDESTINE v. 注定(英) v. 注定(to destine, determine beforehand)(考) 反义词：leave to chance(随机发生)(记) pre(预先)+destine( 命运注定)(同) 派生词：predestinat ion （n. 宿命论，命定论）(例) He felt that he was predestined to lead his country to freedom.

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predetermined PREDETERMINED ['pri:di't2:mind]

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PREDETERMINED adj. 预先决定的

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predicament PREDICAMENT [pri'dik2m2nt]

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PREDICAMENT n. 困境,窘境(英) n. 困境，窘境(dilemma; quandary)(记) pre(预先)+dica(命令 )+ment→被预先命令 的状态→不灵活→困境；(同) 近形词：predication (断言，肯定); prediction(预言)

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predilection PREDILECTION [pri:di'lek62n]

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PREDILECTION n. 偏好(英) n. 偏好(an established preference for something)(考) 反义词：propensity to dislike(厌恶的倾向)(记) pre(预先)+dilect(喜 爱)+ion→偏好(同) 同根词：delectable( 美味的)(例) Many young people have a predilection for dangerous sports.

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predisposition PREDISPOSITION [pri:`disp2'zi62n]

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PREDISPOSITION n. 倾向,癖性(英) n. 倾向，癖性(state of mind or body favorable to)(记) pre(预先)+dispositi on(性情，倾向)

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predominant PREDOMINANT [pri'd0min2nt]

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PREDOMINANT adj. 有势力的(英) adj. 有势力的(having superior strength； prevailing)(记) pre(前面)+dominent( 统治的)→在前面统治 的→有势力的(例) The predominant reason for my wanting to go home is that I am tired.

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predominate PREDOMINATE [pri'd0mineit]

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PREDOMINATE v. 支配，统治; 占优势(英) v. 支配，统治 ( have the main power or influence)占优势 ( be greater in force)

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preeminence PREEMINENCE [pri:'emin2ns]

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PREEMINENCE n. 卓越， 杰出(考) preeminence : importance / preponderance : weight(卓越是有重要性/优 势是有分量)

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preeminent PREEMINENT [pri:'emin2nt]

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PREEMINENT adj. 出类拔萃的(英) adj. 出类拔萃的(having paramount rank or importance；outstan ding)(记) pre(前面)+eminent( 著名的)→在著名的人 前面→出类拔萃的

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preempt PREEMPT [pri:'empt]

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PREEMPT v. 以先买权取得; 取代(英) v. 以先买权取得(to acquire by preemption)；取代(to replace with)(考) preempt : precedence / acquire : possession(先买取得优先权/获 得取得所有权)(记) pre(预先)+empt(买) →先买；(同) 参考：peremptory(断 然的，专横的)派生词：preemption （n. 先买权）

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preen PREEN [pri:n]

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PREEN v. 整理羽毛; (人)打扮修饰(英) v. 整理羽毛(［of a bird］ to trim and dress with a bill)；(人)打扮修饰(to dress or smooth ［oneself］ up；primp)(考) preen : self-satisfaction / fume : anger(打扮表示自我满足/ 冒怒气表示愤怒)ingenuous : dissemble / raffish : preen / polite : snub(自然的[人]不会假装 /艳俗的[人]不会打扮 /礼貌的[人]不会怠慢)miser : hoard / dandy : preen / sycophant : fawn / pundit : opinion(吝啬鬼喜欢(记) 参考:plume(整理羽毛 )(同) 参考：plume(整理羽 毛)(例) The birds preen themselves for hours.

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preface PREFACE ['prefis]

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PREFACE n. 序言(英) n. 序言(introduction)(考) 反义词：epilogue(后 记)(记) pre(前面)+face(脸面 )→前面的脸→开端(例) The author wrote a new preface for the second edition of her book.

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prefatory PREFATORY ['pref2t2ri]

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PREFATORY adj.作为开场白的(英) adj.作为开场白的(in troductory; of a preface)(考) 反义词：conclusive( 最后的)

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prefigure PREFIGURE [pri:'fig2]

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PREFIGURE v. 预示; 预想(英) v. 预示(to show, suggest, or announce by an antecedent type)；预想(foresee)(记) pre(提前)+figure(形 象)→提前想好形象(同) 派生词：prefigurati on （n. 预兆，预示）(例) prefigure the future(预想未来)

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pregnant PREGNANT ['pregn2nt]

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PREGNANT adj. 怀孕的; 充满的(英) adj. 怀孕的(gravid)；充满的(full, teeming)(考) 反义词：inane(空洞 的)(记) pregn(拿住)+ant→拿 住孩子→怀孕(同) 同根词：pregnable( 可攻克的)

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prehensile PREHENSILE [`pri'hensail]

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PREHENSILE adj.能抓物的,能缠绕 东西的(英) adj.能抓物的,能缠绕 东西的(capable of grasping or holding)

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prehistoric PREHISTORIC [`pri:hi'st0rik]

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PREHISTORIC adj. 史前的(英) adj. 史前的 (of a time before recorded history)(记) pre（在...前的）+hi storic（历史的）

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prejudice PREJUDICE ['pred7udis]

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PREJUDICE n. 偏见，成见 ; v. 使抱偏见(英) n. 偏见，成见 (unfair and often unfavorable feeling or opinion)(记) pre(预先)+judice(判 断)+→预先判断→偏见

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prejudiced PREJUDICED ['pred72dist]

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PREJUDICED adj. 有偏见的，有成见的(英) adj. 有偏见的，有成见的 (feeling or showing prejudice)(考) 反义词： disinterested(公正 的)

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prejudicial PREJUDICIAL [`pred7u'di62l]

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PREJUDICIAL adj. 有害的; 引起偏见的(英) adj. 有害的(detrimental) ；引起偏见的(leading to unwarranted opinion)

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prelate PRELATE ['prel2t]

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PRELATE adj.高级教士(英) adj.高级教士(priest of high position in the church)

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preliterate PRELITERATE [`pri:'lit2rit]

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PRELITERATE adj. 文字以前的(英) adj. 文字以前的(antedati ng the use of writing)(记) pre(前面)+liter(文 字)+ate→文字以前的(例) a preliterate society(文字出现以 前的社会)

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prelude PRELUDE ['prelju:d]

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PRELUDE n. 序幕,前奏(英) n. 序幕，前奏(an introductory performance, action, or event)(考) 反义词：coda(尾声)(记) pre(前面)+lude(玩、 弄)→前面演奏的音乐 →序幕，前奏(例) Having arrived at the concert hall late, we missed the prelude.

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premature PREMATURE ['prem2t62,`prem2't6u2]

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PREMATURE adj. 过早的, 早熟的(英) adj. 过早的, 早熟的(developing or happening before the natural or proper time)(记) pre（提前）+mature （成熟的）

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premeditated PREMEDITATED [pri'mediteitid]

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PREMEDITATED adj. 预谋的,事先计划的(英) adj. 预谋的，事先计划的( characterized by a measure of forethought)(考) 反义词：offhand(即 兴的); spontaneous(自然的)(记) pre(预先)+meditated (思考过的);(同) 参考：meditation(沉 思)(例) The police couldn't solve the premeditated crime.

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premiere PREMIERE ['premie2]

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PREMIERE n. 首次公演(英) n. 首次公演(a first performance or exhibition)(记) 来自premier(首要的 ，最早的)→最早的演出(例) Several critics attended the musician's premiere.

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premise PREMISE ['premis]

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PREMISE n. 前提(英) n. 前提 (a statement or idea on which reasoning is based)(例) Adivce to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.

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premium PREMIUM ['pri:mi2m]

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PREMIUM n. 保险费; 奖金(英) n. 保险费(the consideration paid for a contract of insurance)；奖金(a reward or recompense)(记) pre(提前)+em(=empt 买)+ium→提前买下的 东西→保险费(例) My insurance premiums are due on the first of each year.

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premonition PREMONITION [`prem2'ni62n]

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PREMONITION n. 预感，预兆(英) n. 预感，预兆 (a feeling that something is going to happen)(例) a premonition of disaster

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preoccupation PREOCCUPATION [pri:`0kju'pei62n]

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PREOCCUPATION n. 全神贯注(英) n. 全神贯注 (the state of being preoccupied);当务之急 (something that takes up one's attention)(考) 反义词：unconcern( 不关心)

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preoccupied PREOCCUPIED [pri'0kjupaid]

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PREOCCUPIED adj. 心事重重的,出神的(英) adj. 心事重重的，出神的( lost in thought; absorbed in some preoccupation)(记) pre(预先)+occupied( 专心的)→十分专心的(例) The preoccupied leader didn't hear the telephone ring.

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preponderance PREPONDERANCE [pri'p0nd2r2ns]

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PREPONDERANCE n. 优势; 多数(英) n. 优势(a superiority in weight, power, importance)；多数( majority)(考) preeminence : importance / preponderance : weight(卓越是有重要性/优 势是有分量)反义词：commensurat e(相等的)(例) The preponderance of public sentiment is with the victim.

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preponderate PREPONDERATE [pri'p0nd2reit]

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PREPONDERATE v.(数量上,重要性上) 压倒,超过(英) v.(数量上，重要性上 )压倒，超过(to exceed in weight or importance; outweigh)(记) pre(前面)+ponder(重 量)+ate→重量超过别 的→压倒

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preposition PREPOSITION [`prep2'zi62n]

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PREPOSITION n. 介词，前置词(英) 介词,前置词(a word used with a noun, pronoun, or -ing form to show its connection with another word)(记) pre（在...前的）+po sition（位置）→位 置放在前面→前置词

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prepossessing PREPOSSESSING [`pri:p2'zesi8]

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PREPOSSESSING adj.(个性等)给人好 感的(英) adj.(个性等)给人好 感的(tending to create a favorable impression; attractive)(记) pre(预先)+possess( 拥有)+ing→预先就拥 有人的情感→有吸引力的

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preposterous PREPOSTEROUS [pri'p0st2r2s]

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PREPOSTEROUS adj. 荒谬的(英) adj. 荒谬的(contradictor y to nature or common sense; absurd)(考) 反义词：commonsensi cal(明智的)(记) pre(前面)+poster(招 贴)+ous；联想：像玩 牌时在额前贴上纸条 一样→可笑的(例) a preposterous idea(荒谬的想法)

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prerequisite PREREQUISITE [pri:'rekwizit]

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PREREQUISITE n. 先决条件(英) n. 先决条件(something that is necessary to an end)(记) pre(预先)+requis(要 求)→ite→预先要求 →先决条件(例) Passing the test is a prerequisite for graduating.

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prerogative PREROGATIVE [pri'r0g2tiv]

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PREROGATIVE n. 特权(英) n. 特权(privilege, the discretionary power)(记) pre(预先)+rog(要求) +ative→预先要求得 到→特权

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presage PRESAGE ['presid7]

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PRESAGE n. 预感; v. 预示(英) n. 预感(an intuition or feeling of the future);v. 预示(foreshadow, foretell)(考) harbinger : presage / archetype : exemplify(预兆有预测作用/原 型有示范作用)(记) pre(预先)+sage(智者 ，智慧)→预知(例) Some people say that the appearance of a black cat presages good luck.

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prescient PRESCIENT ['pre6i2nt]

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PRESCIENT adj. 有先见之明的(英) adj. 有先见之明的(having foreknowledge of events)(考) prescience : future / erudition : esoteric(有先见之明的知道未 来的东西/有学问的知 道深奥的东西)反义词：myopia(短见 )(记) pre(预先)+scient(知 道的);(同) 参考：omniscient(全 知的)派生词：n. prescience（n. 预知）

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prescribe PRESCRIBE [pri'skraib]

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PRESCRIBE v. 开处方;规定(英) v. 开处方 ( say what treatment a sick person should have);规定(state what must happen in certain conditions)

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prescribed PRESCRIBED [pri'skraibd]

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PRESCRIBED adj. 规定的(英) adj. 规定的(laid down as a rule ; ordained)(记) pre(预先)+scribe(写 )→预先写好的→规定的(例) The prescribed penalty for certain crimes is life imprisonment.

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prescript PRESCRIPT ['priskript]

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PRESCRIPT n. 命令,规定(英) n. 命令，规定(command, ordinance)

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prescription PRESCRIPTION [pri'skrip62n]

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PRESCRIPTION n. 处方(上的药)(英) n. 处方(上的药)(a written direction for the preparation and use of a medicine; a prescribed medicine)(考) overdose : prescription / indiscretion : convention(用药过量没有依照处 方/行为不慎没有依照 习俗)

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presentation PRESENTATION [`prez2n'tei62n]

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PRESENTATION n. 表演，介绍, 描述(英) n. 表演，介绍, 描述(the way in which something is said, offered, shown, explained to others)(例) She needs to improve her presentation of the arguments.

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presenter PRESENTER [pri'zent2]

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PRESENTER n. 主持人(英) n. 主持人(the person who brings sth. before the public)(记) present(介绍)+er→ 介绍的人→主持人(例) The presenter announced the five nominees for Best Picture.

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preservation PRESERVATION [`prez2'vei62n]

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PRESERVATION n. 保持，保护，维护(英) n. 保持，保护，维护 (the act of preserving or state of being preserved)(记) 来自动词preserve

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preservative PRESERVATIVE [pri'z2:v2tiv]

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PRESERVATIVE adj. 防腐的;n. 防腐剂(英) n. 防腐剂(an additive used to protect against decay, discoloration, or spoilage)(考) censorship : communication / preservative : decay(审查机构防止交流/ 防腐剂防止腐烂)(例) The packaged doughnuts were full of artificial preservatives.

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preserve PRESERVE [pri'z2:v]

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PRESERVE v. 保护; 保藏(英) v. 保护(protect)；保藏(to keep alive or intact; maintain)(记) pre(预先)+serve(保 存)(同) 同根词：reserve(保 留，储备); conserve(保存)(例) Max eats only good things, hoping to preserve his health.

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preside PRESIDE [pri'zaid]

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PRESIDE v. 任主席; 负责; 指挥(英) v. 任主席; 负责(act as president, chairman)；指挥(to exercise control)(记) pre(前面)+side(坐) →坐在前面→主持， 指挥;(同) 参考：president(总 统，校长)(例) When court is in session, the judge presides.

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press PRESS [pres]

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PRESS v. 挤压(英) v. 挤压(to act upon through steady pushing; squeeze)(考) 反义词： withdraw(撤退)(例) press the orange to get juice

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pressing PRESSING ['presi8]

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PRESSING adj. 紧迫的，迫切的;恳切 要求的(英) adj. 紧迫的，迫切的 (urgent);恳切要求的(asking for something strongly)

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prestidigitation PRESTIDIGITATION [presti`did7i'tei62n]

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PRESTIDIGITATION n. 变戏法,手法敏捷(英) n. 变戏法，手法敏捷(a conjuring trick requiring manualdexterity)(记) presti(灵活)+digit( 手指)+ation→灵活的 手指→变戏法

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prestigious PRESTIGIOUS [pre'stid72s]

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PRESTIGIOUS adj. 有名望的,有威信的(英) adj. 有名望的，有威信的( having prestige; honored)(记) 来自prestige(威信， 魅力)，pre(前面)+st ige(拉近，拉紧)→把 人拉到前面的力量→威望(例) The prestigious celebrity raised a lot of money for charity.

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presumable PRESUMABLE [pri'zju:m2b2l]

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PRESUMABLE adj. 可能的,可假定的(英) adj. 可能的，可假定的(ac ceptable as an assumption)(记) 来自presume(推测， 认定)，pre(提前)+su me(=sum结论)→提前 结论→假定

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presumed PRESUMED [pri'zu:md]

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PRESUMED adj. 假定的，推测的

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presumption PRESUMPTION [pri'z3mp62n]

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PRESUMPTION n. 冒昧; 专横; 假定(英) n.专横(presumptuous attitude or conduct; audacity);假定(assumption)(考) transgression : morality / presumption : propriety(犯罪不讲道德/专横 不讲礼貌)(例) The presumption of innocence is part of every criminal trial.

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presumptuous PRESUMPTUOUS [pri'z3mptju2s]

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PRESUMPTUOUS adj. 专横的,冒昧的(英) adj. 专横的，冒昧的(over stepping propriety or courtesy)(考) 反义词：humble(谦恭 的)(记) 来自presume(擅自， 放肆)(例) The bold student asked his teacher a presumptuous personal question.

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presupposition PRESUPPOSITION [`pri:s3p2'zi62n]

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PRESUPPOSITION n. 预先假定,臆测(英) n. 预先假定，臆测(the act of supposing beforehand)(记) pre(预先)+suppositi on(推测)

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pretence PRETENCE [pri'tens]

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PRETENCE n.虚伪; 借口(英) n.虚伪(mere ostentation)；借口(pretext)(考) pretence : deceive / admonition : reprove(找借口是为了欺骗/ 提训诫是为了责备)(记) pre(预先)+tence(=te nd倾向)→预先装出的 →虚伪(例) make a pretence of affection(假装多情)

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pretend PRETEND [pri'tend]

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PRETEND v. 假装; 装扮(英) v. 假装 (with the intention of deceiving)

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pretension PRETENSION [pri'ten62n]

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PRETENSION n. 自命不凡(英) n. 自命不凡(an aspiration or intention that may not reach fulfillment)(例) I make no pretensions to skill as an artist, but I enjoy painting.

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pretentious PRETENTIOUS [pri'ten62s]

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PRETENTIOUS adj. 自抬身价的(英) adj. 自抬身价的(expressi ve of affected, unwarranted, or exaggerated importance)(例) He always uses pretentious language.

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preternatural PRETERNATURAL [`pri:t2'n9t62r2l]

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PRETERNATURAL adj. 异常的; 超自然的(英) adj. 异常的(extraordinar y)；超自然的(existing outside of nature)(考) 反义词：ordinary(常 见的)(记) preter(超过)+natura l(自然的)(同) 同根词:preterlegal( 超越法律); pretersensual(超越 感觉的)

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pretext PRETEXT ['pri:tekst]

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PRETEXT n. 借口(英) n. 借口(a purpose or motive assumed in order to cloak the real intention)(记) pre(预先)+text(课文 )→预先的文章→借口(例) John's claim of being sick was a pretext for skipping school.

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prevail PREVAIL [pri'veil]

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PREVAIL v. 战胜; 盛行(英) v. 战胜(to gain ascendancy ; triumph)；盛行(predominate)(记) pre(前面)+vail(=val 力量)→力量在别人前 面→战胜(例) Despite crimes in the news, I believe that kindness prevails.

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prevailing PREVAILING [pri'veili8]

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PREVAILING adj. 盛行的,流行的

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prevalent PREVALENT ['prev2l2nt]

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PREVALENT adj. 普遍的,流行的(英) adj. 普遍的，流行的(wide spread, dominant)(考) 反义词：unusual(不 寻常的)(记) pre(前面)+val(力量) +ent(例) Eye diseases are prevalent in some tropical countries.

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prevaricate PREVARICATE [pri'v9rikeit]

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PREVARICATE v. 支吾其词,说谎(英) v. 支吾其词，说谎(to deviate from the truth; equivocate)(记) pre(预先)+varic(=va ry变化)+ate→预先想 好变化之词→支吾，说谎

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prevent PREVENT [pri'vent]

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PREVENT v. 防止，阻止(英) v. 防止，阻止 ( stop something happening)(记) pre（预先）+vent（ 来）→预先来到→抢 先一步，防止别人

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preventable PREVENTABLE [pri'vent2bl]

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PREVENTABLE adj. 可阻止的，可预防的(记) prevent(防止)+able

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preventive PREVENTIVE [pri'ventiv]

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PREVENTIVE adj. 预防的，防止的(英) adj. 预防的，防止的 (that helps to prevent something undesirable)(记) prevent(防止)+ive

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preview PREVIEW [pri:'vju:]

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PREVIEW v./n. 预演，预展(英) v./n. 预演，预展 (a private showing before shown to the general public)(记) pre（预先）+view（ 观看）

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previous PREVIOUS ['pri:vi2s]

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PREVIOUS adj. 在先的，以前的(英) adj. 在先的，以前的 (existing before the one mentioned)(记) pre（以前）+vi（道 路）+ous

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prevision PREVISION [pri:'vi72n]

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PREVISION n. 先见,预感(英) n. 先见，预感(foresigh t, prescience)(记) pre(预先)+vis(看)+i on→预先看到

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prey PREY [prei]

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PREY n. 被捕食的动物(英) n. 被捕食的动物(an animal taken by a predator as food)(例) The lion seized its prey and ate it.

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prick PRICK [prik]

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PRICK n. 小刺; 刺痛; v. 刺伤; 戳穿(英) n. 小刺( sth. pointed)；刺痛(sharp feeling of remorse, regret, or sorrow);v. 刺伤(to prick something)；戳穿(to pierce with a sharp point)(例) A bee pricks the skin with its sting.

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prickle PRICKLE ['prik2l]

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PRICKLE n.(动物或植物上的) 刺,棘; v. 刺痛(英) n.(动物或植物上的) 刺，棘(a sharp pointed emergence arising from the epidermis or bark of a plant)(记) prick(刺)+le(例) His mind prickled.(他心灵感 到刺痛)

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prickly PRICKLY ['prikli]

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PRICKLY adj. 多刺的; 易生气的(英) adj. 易生气的(easily irritated);多刺的(covered with prickles)

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prig PRIG [prig]

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PRIG n. 道学先生,自命不凡者(英) n. 道学先生，自命不凡 者(one who offends or irritates by observance of proprieties to an obnoxious degree)

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prim PRIM [prim]

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PRIM adj. 端庄的,整洁的(英) adj. 端庄的，整洁的(neat , trim, decorous)(记) 来自词根prim(最初的 ，最好的)(例) She's much too prim and proper to enjoy such a rude joke.

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primacy PRIMACY ['praim2si]

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PRIMACY n. 首要，首位(英) n. 首要，首位 (being first in position, importance)

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primary PRIMARY ['praim2ri]

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PRIMARY adj. 首要的;起初的(英) adj. 首要的(chief; main; principal);起初的(earliest in time)

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primate PRIMATE ['praimit]

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PRIMATE n. 灵长类(动物)(英) n. 灵长类(动物)(any of an order of mammals comprising humans, apes, monkeys)(记) prim(最早的)+ate→ 最早的动物→灵长类

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prime PRIME [praim]

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PRIME n. 全盛时期; adj. 首先的， 最好的(英) n. 全盛时期 (the time of greatest perfection);(考) 反义词：uninitial( 非最先的)(例) a prime site for development

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primer PRIMER ['praim2]

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PRIMER n. 启蒙书,识字课本(英) n. 启蒙书，识字课本(a small book for teaching children to read)(例) The children took their primers from their school desks.

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primeval PRIMEVAL [prai'mi:v2l]

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PRIMEVAL adj. 原始的, 早期的(英) adj. 原始的, 早期的(of the earliest times)(记) prim(最早)+ev(时间) +al

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primitive PRIMITIVE ['primitiv]

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PRIMITIVE adj. 原始的,简单的(英) adj. 原始的，简单的(not derived; original, primary)(记) prim(最早的)+titive(例) The museum displayed the skeleton of a primitive ape.

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primordial PRIMORDIAL [prai'm0:di2l]

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PRIMORDIAL adj. 最初的(英) adj. 最初的(first created or developed)(考) 反义词：most recent(最近的)(记) prim(最早的)+ord(顺 序)+ial(例) Scientists used to believe that all the stars developed from a primordial mass of gases.

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primp PRIMP [primp]

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PRIMP v. (妇女)刻意打扮(英) v.(妇女)刻意打扮(to dress and groom oneself carefully)(考) primp : vain / gloat : smug(刻意打扮是虚荣的表 现/满意凝视是自鸣得 意的表现)(记) prim(最早，最好)+p →向最好处打扮(例) Anne primped for 30 minutes before going to the party.

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principal PRINCIPAL ['prins2p2l]

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PRINCIPAL adj. 主要的，重要的(考) 反义词：subordinate (次要的)

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principle PRINCIPLE ['prins2pl]

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PRINCIPLE n. 原则，原理; 道德，准则(英) n. 原则，原理(a truth or belief that is accepted as a base for reasoning or action); 道德，准则 (a moral rule or set of ideas which guides behavior)

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principled PRINCIPLED ['prinsip2ld]

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PRINCIPLED adj. 有原则的; 有道德原则的(英) 有原则的(based upon principles)有道德原则的(having principles)(考) moralistic : principled / pedantic : learned(道学气是过分讲究原 则/迂腐是过分讲究学 问)(记) 来自名词principle( 原则)+d

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priority PRIORITY [prai'0riti]

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PRIORITY n. 在先,居前; 优先权(英) n. 在先，居前(preceden ce in date; superiority in rank, position, or privilege)；(记) prior(在前的)+ity→ 在前的状态→优先权(例) Going to the movies is not a priority this week.

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pristine PRISTINE ['pristain,'pristi:n]

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PRISTINE adj. 太古的; 纯洁的; 新鲜的(英) adj. 太古的(belonging to the earliest period)纯洁的(not spoiled; pure)新鲜的(fresh and clean as if new)(考) pristine : decay / stable : fluctuation(新鲜的不会腐烂/稳 定的不会波动)反义词：corrupted by civilization(被文明 腐蚀的); squalid(肮脏的); contaminated(被污染 的); taint(污点)(记) prist(=prim最早的)+ ine=primitive(例) pristine innocence(天真无邪)

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privacy PRIVACY ['praiv2si,`pri]

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PRIVACY n.独处; 隐私(考) hedonist : pleasure / recluse : privacy(享乐主义喜欢快乐/ 隐士喜欢独处)

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privation PRIVATION [prai'vei62n]

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PRIVATION n. 丧失,贫困(英) n. 丧失，贫困(lack of what is needed for existence)(记) priv(分开)+ation→ 人财两分→丧失(同) 同根词：privacy(私 下，隐居); privative(剥夺性的)

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privilege PRIVILEGE ['privilid7]

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PRIVILEGE n. 特权,特别利益(英) n. 特权，特别利益(bepr erogative)(记) privi(分开, 个人)+lege(法律)→ 有个人的法律→特权(例) Privilege and power are in the hands of only a few people.

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probation PROBATION [pr2'bei62n]

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PROBATION n. 试用(期),试验(英) n. 试用(期)，试验(a period of testing and trial to ascertain fitnes)(记) probe(探索)+ation→ 探索时期(同) 同根词：approbation (认可，批准); probe(探索, 调查)(例) John managed to stay out of trouble during his probation.

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probe PROBE [pr2ub]

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PROBE v. 探索,探测(英) v. 探索，探测(to search into and explore)(考) cavil : criticize / probe : investigate(挑剔是拼命批判/探 索是认真调查)(例) The detective probed into the circumstances of the murder.

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probity PROBITY ['p2ubiti]

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PROBITY n. 刚直,正直(英) n. 刚直，正直(uprightn ess; honesty)(考) disinterested : partisanship / venal : probity(公正的不会有党派偏 见/贪污的不会正直)反义词：turpitude( 卑鄙); unscrupulousness(肆 无忌惮)

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proboscis PROBOSCIS [pr2'b0sis]

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PROBOSCIS n.(象)长鼻; (昆虫等)吸管(英) n.(象)长鼻(the trunk of an elephant)；(昆虫等)吸管(elonga ted or extensible snout of an invertebrate)(记) prob(探索)+oscis→ 探索之鼻, 象鼻

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proceeds PROCEEDS ['pr2usi:dz]

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PROCEEDS n. 收入(英) n. 收入(the total amount brought in)(记) 来自proceed(继续前 进，举行)，pro(向前 )+ceed(走)，proceed s指举行某种活动而得的收入(例) The proceeds from the auction were donated to charity.

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procession PROCESSION [pr2'se62n]

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PROCESSION n. 行列; 前进(英) n. 行列(a group of individuals moving along)；前进(progression)(记) pro(向前)+cess(走)+ ion→前进(例) There was a long procession of actors at the open auditions.

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proclaim PROCLAIM [pr2'kleim]

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PROCLAIM v. 宣告，宣布; 显示(英) v. 宣告，宣布 (declare officially);显示( show clearly)(记) pro（在前）+claim（ 叫喊）→在前面喊→ 公布

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proclamation PROCLAMATION [`pr0kl2'mei62n]

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PROCLAMATION n. 公告，声明(英) n. 公告，声明(an official public statement)(记) proclaim(宣告)+atio n

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proclivity PROCLIVITY [pr2'kliv2ti]

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PROCLIVITY n. 倾向,癖性(英) n. 倾向，癖性(an inclination or predisposition)(考) 反义词：aversion(厌 恶)(记) pro(向前)+cliv(斜坡 )+ity→向前斜→倾向(同) 同根词：acclivity( 斜坡，上斜)(例) John has a proclivity to cleanliness that Mary finds irritating.

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procrastinate PROCRASTINATE [pr2u'kr9stineit]

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PROCRASTINATE v. 耽搁,拖延(英) v. 耽搁，拖延(to put off intentionally and habitually)(考) equivocate : commitment / procrastinate : action(含糊其词不想实现承 诺/拖延不想采取行动)dilatory : procrastinate / malcontent : complain(拖拉的[人]耽误/不 满的[人]抱怨)husbandry: dissipate / alacrity : procrastinate(管理使不散漫/敏捷 使不拖延)(记) pro(向前)+crastin( 明天)+ate→直到明天 再干→拖延(例) I procrastinated returning the library book until it was overdue.

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procrastination PROCRASTINATION [pr2u`kr9sti'nei62n]

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PROCRASTINATION n. 延迟，拖延(考) 反义词：diligence( 勤奋)

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procreate PROCREATE ['pr2ukrieit]

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PROCREATE v. 生育(英) v. 生育(to beget and bring forth offspring; propagate)(记) pro(向前)+create(创 造)→不断创造→生育 儿女(例) Animals have the power to procreate their species.

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procrustean PROCRUSTEAN [pr2u'kr3sti2n]

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PROCRUSTEAN adj. 强求一致的(英) adj. 强求一致的(disregar d of individual differences or special circumstances)(记) 源自Procrustes,希腊 神话中的巨人，抓到 人后，缚之床榻，体 长者截下肢，体短者 拔之使与床齐长

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proctor PROCTOR ['pr0kt2]

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PROCTOR n. 代理人,学监(英) n. 代理人，学监(one appointed to supervise students)(考) proctor : supervise / prodigal : squander(学监监督/挥霍者挥 霍)(例) The proctor handed me a newly sharpened pencil.

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procure PROCURE [pr2'kju2]

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PROCURE v. 取得，获得(英) v. 取得，获得(obtain or aquire)(考) 反义词：relinquish( 放弃)-procure(记) pro(向前)+cure(关心 ，治疗)→关心…向前 发展→取得

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prod PROD [pr0d]

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PROD v.刺,捅;激励(英) v.刺,捅(poke);激励( stir up; urge)(考) 反义词：rein(抑制)(例) She is a fairly good worker, but she needs prodding occasinoally.

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prodigal PRODIGAL ['pr0dig2l]

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PRODIGAL adj. 挥霍的; n. 挥霍者(英) adj. 挥霍的(lavish);n. 挥霍者(one who spends or gives lavishly and foolishly)(考) proctor : supervise / prodigal : squander(学监监督/挥霍者挥 霍)covetous : desire / querulous : complain / prodigal : spend / parsimonious : save(贪婪的人贪婪/爱抱 怨的人抱怨/挥霍的人 花钱/吝啬的人节省)miser : parsimonious / spendthrift : prodigal(吝啬鬼很吝啬/挥霍 者(记) prodig(巨大，浪费)+ al→挥霍的

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prodigality PRODIGALITY [`pr0di'g9l2ti]

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PRODIGALITY n. 浪费，挥霍(考) prodigality : spending / gluttony : eating(挥霍是过分花费/暴 食是过分吃)mean : prodigality / meek : arrogance(反义: 吝啬对挥霍/谦逊对自 大)courage : rashness / generosity : prodigality(过分勇敢是鲁莽/过 分慷慨是挥霍)反义词：penury(吝啬 ); husbandry(节约)

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prodigious PRODIGIOUS [pr2'did72s]

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PRODIGIOUS adj. 很大的,巨大的(英) adj. 很大的，巨大的(extr aordinary in bulk, quantity, or degree; enormous)(考) 反义词：slight(微小 的)(例) I have a prodigious amount of work to do before I leave.

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prodigy PRODIGY ['pr0did7i]

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PRODIGY n. 奇事; 奇才(英) n. 奇事(something extraordinary or inexplicable)；奇才(a highly talented child or youth)(考) prodigy : person / miracle : occurrence(奇才是神奇的人/奇 迹是神奇的事)(例) The young prodigy spoke Latin and Greek before she was 5.

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produce PRODUCE [pr2'dju:s,'pr0dju:s]

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PRODUCE n. 产品，农产品(英) n. 产品，农产品 (something that has been produced)(考) envelope : letter / crate : produce(信封里装信/柳条箱 里装农产品)(记) pro（向前）＋duce（ 引导）→引出的产品

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productive PRODUCTIVE [pr2'd3ktiv]

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PRODUCTIVE adj. 多产的;生产的(英) adj. 多产的(that produces well or in large quantities);生产的(of production of goods or wealth)(记) product（产物，产品 ）+ive

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productivity PRODUCTIVITY [`pr0d3k'tiviti]

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PRODUCTIVITY n. 生产力，生产率(英) n. 生产力，生产率 (the rate of producing goods, crops)(记) product（产物，产品 ）+ivity

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profane PROFANE [pr2'fein]

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PROFANE v. 亵渎,玷污(英) v. 亵渎，玷污(to treat with abuse, irreverence, or contempt; desecrate)(考) pierce : impenetrable / profane : inviolable(不可穿透的不能刺透 /神圣的不能亵渎)反义词：revere(崇敬 ); treat reverently(虔诚地对 待); inviolable(神圣的)(记) pro(在前)+fane(神庙 )→在神庙前(做坏事) →亵渎(同) 派生词: profanity (n. 不敬，渎神blasphemy )(例) Please don't profane things that are sacred to other people.

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professional PROFESSIONAL [pr2'fe62n2l]

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PROFESSIONAL adj. 职业的，专业的; n. 专业人士; 专门职业者(英) 职业的,专业的(worki ng in one of the professions)内行,专业人士(a person who has great experience and high professional standards)专门职业者(a person who earns money by practicing a particular skill or sport)(考) professonal : rookie / soldier : recruit(新手相对于专业人士 /新兵相对于老兵)(记) 来自名词profession( 职业)

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proffer PROFFER ['pr0f2]

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PROFFER v. 献出,赠送; n. 提议,建议(英) v. 献出，赠送(to present for acceptance; tender, offer);n. 提议，建议(offer suggestion)(考) 反义词：retain(保留 )(记) pro(向前)+offer(提 供)→向前提供→献出(例) He refused the proffered drink.

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proficient PROFICIENT [pr2'fi62nt]

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PROFICIENT adj. 熟练的,精通的(英) adj. 熟练的，精通的(well advanced in knowledge)(考) pest : irksome / expert : proficient(讨厌的人讨厌/专家 精通)(记) pro(在前)+ficient( 做的)→做在别人前面 →熟练的(同) 同根词：sufficient( 足够的)；deficient( 缺乏的)派生词: proficiency (n. 熟练，精通)(例) The linguist was proficient in five languages.

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profile PROFILE ['pr2ufail]

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PROFILE n. 外形,轮廓侧面像(英) n. 外形，轮廓侧面像(so mething in outline; a human head or face seen in a side view)(记) pro(前面)+file(=fil i线条)→前部的线条 →外形，轮廓(例) He drew her profile.

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profiteer PROFITEER [`pr0fi'ti2]

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PROFITEER n. 奸商,牟取暴利者(英) n. 奸商，牟取暴利者(on e who makes an unreasonable profit)(记) profit(利润)+eer(人 )→赚利润之人→奸商(例) The profiteer sold items in short supply for very high prices.

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profligacy PROFLIGACY ['pr0fig2si]

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PROFLIGACY n. 放荡，肆意挥霍(考) 反义词: frugality(节俭)

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profligate PROFLIGATE ['pr0fligit]

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PROFLIGATE adj. 挥金如土的; n. 挥霍者(英) adj. 挥金如土的(wildly extravagant; prodigal)(考) profigate : solvent ./ mercurial : committed(挥霍的没有尝债能力 /善变的没有一心一意)querulous(loquaciou s): words / profligate : money(多话的喜欢说话/挥 霍的喜欢花钱)反义词：parsimoniou s(小气的); provident(节俭的); barren(贫瘠的)(记) pro(向前)+flig(搅， 拌)+ate→搅拌掉→挥 霍掉

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profound PROFOUND [pr2'faund]

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PROFOUND adj. 深的，深刻的; 渊博的，深奥的(英) adj. 深的，深刻的(deep, very strongly felt);渊博的，深奥的(usin g thorough knowledge and deep understanding)(考) glacial : cold / profound : deep(程度: 极冷和冷/极深和深)反义词：shallow(浅 的，肤浅的)(例) profound mysteries

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profundity PROFUNDITY [pr2'f3nditi]

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PROFUNDITY n. 深奥,深刻(英) n. 深奥，深刻(somethin g profound or abstruse)(考) maladroit : skill / glib : profundity(笨拙的没有技巧/油 嘴的没有深度)反义词：superficial ity(肤浅的)(记) 来自profound(深刻的 )，pro+found(基础) →找到基础→深刻;(同) 参考：unfounded(没 有根据的)

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profuse PROFUSE [pr2'fju:s]

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PROFUSE adj. 很多的; 浪费的(英) adj. 很多的(bountiful; lavish)；浪费的(extravagant)(考) 反义词：scant(不足 的); scanty(不足的)(记) pro(向前)+fuse(流) →向前流→大量的(例) a profuse spender(大手大脚花 钱的人) / There was a profuse amount of ice on the airplane's wing.

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profusion PROFUSION [pr2'fju:72n]

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PROFUSION n. 丰富,大量; 浪费(英) n. 丰富，大量(great quantity)；浪费(lavish expenditure)(考) 反义词：paucity(稀 少)(例) a profuse spender（大手大脚化 钱的人)

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progenitor PROGENITOR [pr2u'd7en2t2]

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PROGENITOR n. 祖先,始祖(英) n. 祖先，始祖(an ancestor in the direct line; forefather)(记) pro(前)+genit(产生) +or→生在前面的人→ 祖先;(同) 参考：progeniture( 生殖，后代)(例) Humans and apes share a common progenitor.

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progeny PROGENY ['pr0d7ini]

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PROGENY n. 后代,子女(英) n. 后代，子女(descenda nts, children)(记) pro(前)+geny(产生) →前人所生下的→后代(例) the progeny of a wheat cross(一种杂交小麦 的后代)

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prognosticate PROGNOSTICATE [pr0g'n0stikeit]

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PROGNOSTICATE v. 预测,预示(英) v. 预测，预示(to foretell from signs or symptoms; predict)(记) pro(提前)+gnostic( 知道)+ate→预测(同) 同根词：diagnostic( 诊断的); agnostic(不可知论者)

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prohibitive PROHIBITIVE [pr2'hibitiv]

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PROHIBITIVE adj. 抑制的,价格昂贵的(英) adj. 抑制的，价格昂贵的( [prices or expenses] extremely high)(考) prohibitive : purchase / peremptory : dispute(昂贵的无法购买/强 制的无法争论)(记) pro(提前)+hibit(拿 住)+ive→提前拿住→ 抑制的，禁止的

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projectile PROJECTILE [pr2'd7ektail]

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PROJECTILE n. 抛射物,发射体(英) n. 抛射物，发射体(a body projected by external force)(考) armada : vehicles / fusillade : projectiles(舰队由船只组成/连 发由射弹组成)(记) pro(向前)+ject(扔)+ ile→扔向前的东西→ 抛射物

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projector PROJECTOR [pr2'd7ekt2]

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PROJECTOR n. 电影放映机，幻灯机(英) n. 电影放映机，幻灯机 (an apparatus for projecting films or pictures onto a surface)

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proliferate PROLIFERATE [pr2'lif2reit]

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PROLIFERATE v. 繁殖; 激增(英) v. 繁殖(to grow by rapid production)；激增(to increase rapidly; multiply)(考) expand : volume / proliferate : number(体积膨胀/数目扩增)反义词：dwindle(逐 渐减少)(记) pro(向前)+lifer(后 代)+ate→后代增加→ 繁殖(例) Tropical vegetation proliferates quickly.

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prolific PROLIFIC [pr2'lifik]

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PROLIFIC adj. 多产的,多结果的(英) adj. 多产的，多结果的(fr uitful; fertile)(记) 参考: a prolific writer(多产作家)(例) a prolific writer(多产作家)

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prolix PROLIX ['pr2uliks]

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PROLIX adj. 啰嗦的,冗长的(英) adj. 罗嗦的，冗长的(undu ly prolonged)(考) 反义词：pithy(精练 的); taciturn(沉默寡言的)(记) pro(向前)+lix(可能 来自lex，词语)→话 语太多→冗长的(同) n. prolixity

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prolixity PROLIXITY [pr2u'liksiti]

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PROLIXITY n.罗嗦(英) n.罗嗦(tedious wordiness; verbosity)(考) 反义词：extreme brevity(极为简洁); conciseness(简洁); succinctness(简洁)

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prologue PROLOGUE ['pr2ul0g]

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PROLOGUE n. 开场白; 序幕(英) n. 开场白(introduction )(考) prologue : novel / preamble : statute(小说前言/法律序言)反义词：epilogue(后 记)(记) pro(在前面)+logue( 话语)→前面说的话(例) The play's prologue was spoken by a chorus of six actors.

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prolong PROLONG [pr2'l08]

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PROLONG v. 延长,拉长(英) v. 延长，拉长(to lengthen in time, extent, or range)(考) accelerate : speed / prolong : duration(加速是加快速度/延 长是延长时间)反义词：curtail(缩 短); truncate(截短)(记) pro(向前)+long(长) →拉长(例) The strong medications prolonged the sick man's life.

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promenade PROMENADE [`pr0m2'nd,'pr0m2nd]

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PROMENADE n./v. 散步,开车兜风(英) n./v. 散步，开车兜风(a leisurely walk or ride for pleasure or display)(记) pro(向前)+menade(=w alk, drive)→向前走→散步(例) take a promenade in the street

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prominent PROMINENT ['pr0min2nt]

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PROMINENT adj. 显著的;著名的(英) adj. 显著的(noticeable);著名的(of great importance, fame)(记) pro（向前）+min（伸 ）+ent→向前伸出→ 杰出的

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promiscuous PROMISCUOUS [pr2'miskju2s]

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PROMISCUOUS adj. 滥交的; 杂乱的(英) adj. 滥交的(not restricted to one's sexual partner)；杂乱的(indiscrimina te)(记) pro(向前)+miscu(混 乱)+ity→杂乱(同) 同根词：miscellaneo us(混杂的)派生词: promiscuity (n. 滥交；混杂)(例) The promiscuous man spread herpes to his sex partners.

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promote PROMOTE [pr2'm2ut]

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PROMOTE v. 提升;促进(英) v. 提升( give someone a higher position or rank);促进(help in the growth or development of)(考) 反义词：abate(减少) ; subside(下沉)(记) pro（向前）+mote（ 动）→向前动→促进(同) 派生词: promotion (n. 提升; 推销); promotor(推动者)

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prompt PROMPT [pr0mpt]

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PROMPT v. 促使,激起; adj. 敏捷的,迅速的(英) v. 促使，激起(to move to action; incite);adj. 敏捷的，迅速的(read y and quick to act as occasion demands)(考) alacrity : prompt / acumen : shrewd(敏捷和敏捷的/敏锐 和敏锐的)反义词：check(阻止)(同) 派生词: promptness (n. 敏捷，迅速)(例) The bad weather prompted me to dress warmly.

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promulgate PROMULGATE ['pr0m2lgeit]

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PROMULGATE v. 颁布,传播(法令)(英) v. 颁布，传播(法令)(to put ［a law］ into action or force)(考) 反义词: keep secret(保密)(记) pro(前面)+mulg(人民 )+ate→放到人民前面 的→颁布(例) promulgate a constitution

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prone PRONE [pr2un]

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PRONE adj. 俯卧的; 易于...的(英) adj. 俯卧的(lying flat or prostrate)；易于…的(having a tendency or inclination)(例) He is prone to be late for work.(他上班往往迟 到)

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pronounced PRONOUNCED [pr2'naunst]

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PRONOUNCED adj.(观点等)强硬的, 明显的(英) adj.(观点等)强硬的, 明显的(strongly marked; decided)(记) 来自pronounce(宣称 ，发音)+d→被宣布的 →明显的_(例) You won't easily make him change his opinion, he has very pronounced ideas on everything.

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prop PROP [pr0p]

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PROP n. 支撑物,靠山; v. 支持(英) n. 支撑物，靠山(suppor t);v. 支持(to support)(例) use two sticks as props for a sagging tent.

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propagate PROPAGATE ['pr0p2geit]

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PROPAGATE v. 繁殖; 传播(英) v. 繁殖(to multiply)；传播(to cause to spread out; publicize)(考) 反义词：fail to multiply(不能繁殖); check(阻碍)(记) pro+pag(砍，切)+ate →原义是把树的旁枝 剪掉使主干成长→引 申为繁殖(例) Most plants propagate by seed.

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propagation PROPAGATION [`pr0p2'gei62n]

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PROPAGATION n. 繁殖(考) 反义词：extirpation (灭绝)

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propel PROPEL [pr2'pel]

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PROPEL v. 推进(英) v. 推进(to drive forward or onward; push )(记) pro(向前)+pel(推)→ 推进(例) The rocket was propelled into space from the launching pad.

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propeller PROPELLER [pr2'pel2]

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PROPELLER n. 螺旋桨; 推进器(英) n. 螺旋桨; 推进器(one that propels)

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propensity PROPENSITY [pr2'pensiti]

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PROPENSITY n. 嗜好,习性(英) n. 嗜好，习性(an often intense natural inclination or preference)(考) 反义词:predilection (偏爱)-propensity to dislike; antipathy(厌恶); aversion(厌恶)(记) pro(向前)+pens(挂)+ ity→预先挂好了→癖好(例) Bill's friends are aware of his propensity for gossiping.

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prophecy PROPHECY ['pr0fisi]

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PROPHECY n. 预言(英) n. 预言 (a statement telling something that will happen in the future)(考) mentor : guidance / oracle : prophecy(良师指导/预言者预 言)(例) He seemed to have the gift of prophecy.

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prophet PROPHET ['pr0fit]

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PROPHET n. 先知; 预言家(英) n. 先知; 预言家(a person who claims to be able to tell the course of future events)

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prophylactic PROPHYLACTIC [`pr0fi'l9ktik]

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PROPHYLACTIC adj. 预防疾病的(英) adj. 预防疾病的(preventi ng disease)(记) pro(预先)+phylact( 保护)+ic(例) vaccination and other prophylactic measures.

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propinquity PROPINQUITY [pr2'pi8kwiti]

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PROPINQUITY n. 邻近; 亲近(英) n. 邻近(nearness in place or time; proximity)；亲近(nearness of blood; kinship)(记) propinqu(近)+ity→ 邻近;(同) 参考：propinquant( 接近的)

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propitiate PROPITIATE [pr2'pi6ieit]

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PROPITIATE v. 讨好,抚慰(英) v. 讨好，抚慰(appease, conciliate; pacify)(考) immutable : altered / inalienable : surrendered / implacable : propitiated(不可更改的无法改变 /不可屈服的无法征服 /不可安抚的无法劝解)反义词: arouse hostility(激起敌意) ; antagonize(对抗); incense(激怒)(记) pro(向前)+piti(=pet 寻求)+ate→主动寻求 和解→讨好，求好感(例) England tried to propitiate Germany before Word War.

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propitiatory PROPITIATORY [pr2'pi6i2t2ri]

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PROPITIATORY adj. 讨好的,调解的(英) adj. 讨好的，调解的(inte nded to propitiate; expiatory)

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propitious PROPITIOUS [pr2'pi62s]

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PROPITIOUS adj. 吉利的; 顺利的(英) adj. 吉利的(auspicious; favorable)；顺利的(advantageous )(记) pro(向前)+pit(=pet 寻求)+ious→所寻求 的→吉利的(例) a propitious omen(吉兆)

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proponent PROPONENT [pr2'p2un2nt]

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PROPONENT n. 支持者,拥护者(英) n. 支持者，拥护者(advo cate)(考) 反义词：detractor( 贬低者)(记) pro(向前)+pon(放)+e nt;(同) 参考：opponent(反对 者)(例) The candidate's proponents applauded her speech.

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proportion PROPORTION [pr2'p0:62n]

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PROPORTION n. 比例; v. 使成比例(英) n. 比例; v. 使成比例( make into correct proportion)

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proposition PROPOSITION [`pr0p2'zi62n]

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PROPOSITION n. 看法(英) n. 看法 (an unproved statement);提议(a suggested business offer, arrangement, or settlement)(记) propose（建议，提议 ）+ition

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propound PROPOUND [pr2'paund]

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PROPOUND v. 提出...供考虑(英) v. 提出...供考虑 (put forward as a matter for consideration)(例) propound an idea

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proprietary PROPRIETARY [pr2'prai2t2ri]

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PROPRIETARY adj. 私有的(英) adj. 私有的(privately owned and managed)(记) 来自proprietor(所有 人)+y；propr(拥有)(同) 同根词：property(财 产)

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propriety PROPRIETY [pr2'prai2ti]

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PROPRIETY n. 礼节,适当(英) n. 礼节，适当(appropri ateness; decorum)(考) transgression : morality / presumption : propriety(犯罪不讲道德/傲慢 不讲礼貌)prudish : propriety / finicky : quality(过分注意礼节/过分 挑剔质量)indecorous : propriety / boorish : sensitivity(无礼的[人]没有礼貌 /鲁钝的[人]没有敏感)(记) propriet(拥有)+y→ 拥有得体的行为(例) a breach of propriety(失礼行为)

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propulsion PROPULSION [pr2'p3l62n]

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PROPULSION n. 推进力(英) n. 推进力(something that propels)(记) pro(向前)+puls(跳动 ，推动)+ion→向前推 →推进力(同) 同根词：repulse(驱 逐，反击); impulsive(冲动的)(例) The plane was thrust forward by jet propulsion.

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prorogue PROROGUE [pr2u'r2ug,pr2`]

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PROROGUE v. 休会; 延期(英) v. 休会(to suspend a legislative session)；延期(postpone; adjourn)(记) pro(前面)+rogue(问) →在前面通知下次开 会(的日期)→休会

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prosaic PROSAIC [pr2u'zeiik]

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PROSAIC adj. 单调的,无趣的(英) adj. 单调的，无趣的(dull , unimaginative)(考) insipid : invention / prosaic : imagination(乏味的没有创新/单 调的没有想象力)反义词： extraordinary(非凡 的); exceptional(例外的) ; imaginary(幻想的);e xciting(刺激的)(记) 来自prose(散文)+aic →散文一般的→单调的

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proscribe PROSCRIBE [pr2u'skraib]

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PROSCRIBE v. 禁止(英) v. 禁止(to forbid as harmful or unlawful; prohibit)(考) 反义词：permit(允许 ); sanction(批准)(记) pro(前面)+scribe(写 )→写在前面→禁止(同) 同根词：prescribe( 开处方); circumscribe(限定)(例) The city council proscribed smoking in public places.

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prose PROSE [pr2uz]

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PROSE n. 散文(英) n. 散文 (written language in its usual form)(考) prose : paragraph / poetry : stanza(散文由段落组成/诗 由诗节组成)

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prosecute PROSECUTE ['pr0sikju:t]

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PROSECUTE v. 告发,检举(英) v. 告发，检举(to carry on a legal suit or prosecution)(考) mediation : compromise / prosecution : conviction(调停目的是和解/起 诉目的是定罪)(记) pro(前面)+secu(跟随 )+te;(同) 参考：persecute(迫 害)派生词: prosecution (n. 起诉，检控); prosecutor n. 起诉人(例) He was prosecuted for stealing. Bob will be prosecuted for fraud.

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proselyte PROSELYTE ['pr0silait]

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PROSELYTE n. 皈依者,改变宗教信仰 者(英) n. 皈依者，改变宗教信 仰者(a new convert)(记) pros(靠近)+elyte(来 到)→靠近宗教→皈依者

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proselytize PROSELYTIZE ['pr0s2l2laiz]

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PROSELYTIZE v. 使...皈依(英) v. 使…皈依(to recruit or convert to a new faith)

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proselytizer PROSELYTIZER ['pl0silitaiz2]

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PROSELYTIZER n. 改变宗教信仰者(考) hunter : quarry / proselytizer : convert(猎人猎取/改变宗教 信仰者改变信仰)

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prospective PROSPECTIVE [pr2'spektiv]

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PROSPECTIVE adj. 未来的; 预期的(英) adj. 未来的(effective in the future)；预期的(expected)(记) pro(向前)+spect(看) +ive→向前看→未来的(例) prospective students of the university

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prospects PROSPECTS [pr2'spekts]

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PROSPECTS n. 期望;前景(英) n. 期望(reasonable hope of something happening);前景(something which is probable soon)

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prosper PROSPER ['pr0sp2]

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PROSPER v. 兴旺，繁荣(英) v. 兴旺，繁荣 ( become successful and esp. rich)(考) palmy : prosperity / draconian : severity(繁荣的和繁荣/严峻 的和严峻)(记) pro(向前)+sper(希望 )→希望在前面→繁荣 ，成功(同) 同根词：desperation (绝望);派生词: prosperity (n. 繁荣，兴旺)

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prosperous PROSPEROUS ['pr0sp2r2s]

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PROSPEROUS adj. 繁荣富强的(考) 反义词：depressed( 沮丧的); impecunious(贫穷的)(例) The prosperous nation received its revenues from oil.

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prostrate PROSTRATE ['pr0streit,pr0'streit]

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PROSTRATE adj.俯卧的，沮丧的 v. 使屈服(英) adj.俯卧的，沮丧的( prone);(考) 反义词：erect(直立)(例) The storm prostratedhundreds of trees(暴风雨刮倒了 几百棵树)

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protagonist PROTAGONIST [pr2u't9g2nist]

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PROTAGONIST n. 提议者,支持者(英) n. 提议者，支持者(a leader, proponent; champion)(记) prot(首先)+agon(打 ，行动)+ist→首先行 动者→支持者(同) 同根词：antagonist( 对抗者); agony(极度痛苦)

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protean PROTEAN ['pr2uti2n,pr2u'ti:2n]

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PROTEAN adj. 变化多端的，多变的(英) adj. 变化多端的，多变的 (continually changing)(考) circular : asymmetrical / protean : rigid(圆形的不是非对称的 /变化多端的不是死板 的)反义词: static(静态的)(记) 来自海神Proteus,喻 海的变化无常(例) the protean changes of nature(自然界的千变 万化)

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protect PROTECT [pr2'tekt]

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PROTECT v. 保护(英) v. 保护(to keep from harm or injury)(考) food : nourish / antibodies : protect(食物用来滋养/抗体 用来保护)

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protest PROTEST [pr2'test,'pr2utest]

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PROTEST n./v. 抗议,反对(英) v./n. 抗议，反对（organiz ed public demonstration of disapproval）(考) protest : dissuade / supplicate : entreat(抗议为了劝止/哀恳 为了恳求)(记) pro(在前面)＋test( ＝assert断言)→在前 面抗议；注意：prote ct(保护)(例) The workers protested the reductions in their benefits.

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protocol PROTOCOL ['pr2ut2k0l]

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PROTOCOL n.外交礼节; 协议(英) n.外交礼节(a code to correct etiquette and precedence);协议(an original draft of a document or transaction)(考) protocol : blunder / bumper : damage(礼节是为了防止社交 错误/保险杠是为了防 止毁坏)grammar : language / protocol : conduct(语法是语言的规则/ 礼节是行为的规则)(记) proto(首要)＋col→ 首要的东西→礼节(例) The worker was reprimanded for not following proper protocol.

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prototype PROTOTYPE ['pr2ut2taip]

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PROTOTYPE n.原型; 典型(英) n.原型(an original model; archetype)；典型(a standard or typical example)(记) proto(首先)＋type( 形状)→首先的形状→ 原型(例) The architect's novel design was the prototype on which more buildings were based.

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protract PROTRACT [pr2'tr9kt]

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PROTRACT v.延长,拖长(英) v.延长，拖长(to prolong in time or space; continue)(考) 反义词：curtail(缩 短); cut short(减短)[类比]pr otract : length / throng : number(拖延使长度加 长/群聚使数量增多)(记) pro(向前)＋tracts( 拉)→向前拉→延长(例) a protracted stay in hospital

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protracted PROTRACTED [pr2u'tr9ktid]

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PROTRACTED adj. 拖延的(考) 反义词：summary(迅 速的)(记) protract(延长;pro[ 向前]+tract[拉] →向前拉→延长)+ed

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protrude PROTRUDE [pr2'tru:d]

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PROTRUDE v.突出,伸出(英) v.突出，伸出(to jut out from the surrounding surface or context)(记) pro(向前)＋trude(伸 出)→向前伸→伸出(同) 同根词：intrude(闯 入); extrude(伸出)派生词: protrusive (adj.伸出来的, 突出的prominent, protuberant)(例) A sharp nail protruded from the beam of wood.

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protuberant PROTUBERANT [pr2'tju:b2r2nt]

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PROTUBERANT adj.突出的,隆起的(英) adj.突出的，隆起的( thrusting out; prominent)(考) 反义词：depressed( 下陷的)(记) pro(向前)＋tuber(块 茎)＋ant→块茎突出(同) 派生词: protuberance (n.节疤，凸出)(例) protuberant ankles(突出的脚踝)

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provenance PROVENANCE ['pr0v2n2ns]

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PROVENANCE n.(艺术等的)出处,起 源(英) n.(艺术等的)出处， 起源(origin, source)(记) pro(前面)＋ven(来) ＋ance→前面来的东_ 西→起源_(例) a word of French provenance

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provender PROVENDER ['pr0v2nd2]

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PROVENDER n.(牛马吃的)草料,粮 秣(英) n.(牛马吃的)草料， 粮秣(dry food for domestic animals)(记) 来自provide(提供)的 变体

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proverbially PROVERBIALLY [pr2'v2:bi2li]

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PROVERBIALLY adv.无人不知地(英) adv.无人不知地(comm only spoken of)(记) 来自proverb(谚语)， '谚语'大家都熟悉(例) He's proverbially late; no one ever expects him to come at the right time.

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provident PROVIDENT ['pr0vid2nt]

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PROVIDENT adj.深谋远虑的; 节俭的(英) adj.深谋远虑的(prud ent)；节俭的(frugal; thrifty)(考) 反义词：profligate( 挥霍的)(记) pro(向前)＋vid(看) ＋ent→向前看的→有 远见的;(同) 参考：improvidence( 浪费)派生词: providence (n.深谋远虑，远见)

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provincial PROVINCIAL [pr2'vin62l]

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PROVINCIAL adj.偏狭的,粗俗的(英) adj.偏狭的，粗俗的( limited in outlook; narrow)(考) bigoted : tolerant / provincial : cosmopolitan / servile : domination(顽固的不容忍/偏狭 的无世界性/奴性的不 统治)(记) 来自province(省)→ 地方性的→偏狭的(例) John's prejudice is an example of his provincial thinking.

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provision PROVISION [pr2'vi72n]

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PROVISION n.(粮食)供应; (法律等)条款(英) n.(粮食)供应(a stock of needed materials or supplies)；(法律等)条款(stipul ation)(记) provide(提供)的名词 ，pro(向前)＋vide( 看)(例) the provisions of the agreement

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provisional PROVISIONAL [pr2'vi72n2l]

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PROVISIONAL adj.暂时的,临时的(英) adj.暂时的，临时的( temporary)(考) 反义词：definitive( 决定性的)(例) provisional regulations(暂行条 例)

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provisory PROVISORY [pr2u'vaiz2ri]

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PROVISORY adj.有附带条件的(考) 反义词：uncondition al(绝对的)(the act of provoking; incitement)(记) 来自provoke(激怒)，(例) The enemy's provocation caused our nation to declare war.The author's provocative book was also quite controversial.

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provoke PROVOKE [pr2'v2uk]

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PROVOKE v.激怒; 挑逗(英) v.激怒(to incite to anger)；挑逗(evoke; stimulate)(考) 反义词：choleric(易 怒的)-difficult to provoke(很难被激怒 的);jejune(无兴趣的 )-thought-provoking (激发思想的)(记) pro(前面)＋voke_(喊 )→在别人前面喊→ 激怒，挑衅(同) 同根词：invoke(恳求 ); revoke(取消)派生词: provocation (n.激怒); provocative (adj.激怒的，挑战的 )(例) The bear provoked the bees by swatting at their hive.

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provoked PROVOKED [pr2'v2uk]

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PROVOKED adj. 被激起的(考) attack : vanquished / goad : provoked(进攻使被征服/刺激 使被激起)

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prowess PROWESS ['prauis]

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PROWESS n.勇敢; 不凡的能力(英) n.勇敢(distinguishe d bravery)；不凡的能力(extraord inary ability)(考) 反义词：timidity(胆 小)(记) 来自prow(英勇的)， 是proud 的变体(例) The tribesmen sang a song of victory, describing their prowess in battle.

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proximate PROXIMATE ['pr0ksimit]

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PROXIMATE adj.最接近的,直接的(英) adj.最接近的，直接 的(immediately preceding or following; imminent)(记) proxim(接近)＋ate→ 接近的;(同) 参考：approximate( 大约的)

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proximity PROXIMITY [pr0k'simiti]

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PROXIMITY n.接近,附近(英) n.接近，附近(the quality of proximate; closeness)(例) Due to Bob's proximity to the microphone, his words were clearly recorded.

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prude PRUDE [pru:d]

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PRUDE n.过分守礼的人(英) n.过分守礼的人(a person who is excessively attentive to propriety or decorum)(考) fanatic : devoted / prude : proper(狂热者过分热衷/拘 谨者过分得体)(记) prud(小心)＋e→小心 之人;(同) 参考：prudent(小心 的); prudence(谨慎)(例) The prude blushed when I told a slightly vulgar joke.

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prudery PRUDERY ['pru:d2ri]

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PRUDERY n.过分守礼,假正经(英) n.过分守礼，假正经( the characteristic quality of a prude)

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prudish PRUDISH ['pru:di6]

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PRUDISH adj.过分守礼的,假道 学的(英) adj.过分守礼的，假 道学的(marked by prudery; priggish)(考) prudish : propriety / finicky : quality(拘谨是过分注意礼节 /挑剔是过分注意质量)(例) The prudish minister thought dancing was sinful.

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prune PRUNE [pru:n]

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PRUNE n.梅干; v.修剪(英) n.梅干(a plum dried without fermentation);v.修剪(to cut away what is unwanted or superfluous)(考) prune : hedge / trim : hair(修剪树篱/修剪头发)prune : plum / raisin : grape(梅干和梅/葡萄干和 葡萄)(例) prune all the dead branches

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prurient PRURIENT ['pru2ri2nt]

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PRURIENT adj.好色的,淫乱的(英) adj.好色的，淫乱的( arousing, or appealing to unusual sexual desire)(记) pruri(痒)＋ent→心 里痒痒→渴望的，好 色的(同) 派生词: prurience (n.好色，淫乱)

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pry PRY [prai]

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PRY v.刺探; 撬开(英) v. 刺探(make nosy or presumptuous inquiry)；撬开(pull apart with a lever)(考) importune : request / pry : inquiry(强求是拼命要求/刺 探是拼命询问)(例) pry behind the curtain of sb's life(窥探某人的私生 活)

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psalm PSALM [sm]

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PSALM n.赞美诗,圣诗(英) n.赞美诗，圣诗(a sacred song or poem used in worship)(记) 主要指圣经中的赞美 诗(Book of Psalms)

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psephology PSEPHOLOGY [se'f0l2d7i]

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PSEPHOLOGY n.选举学(英) n.选举学(the scientific study of elections)(记) pseph(卵石)＋ology( 学科)→古代雅典投票 时用卵石，故名

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pseudonym PSEUDONYM ['sju:d2nim]

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PSEUDONYM n.假名,笔名(英) n.假名，笔名(a fictitious name; esp. pen name)(考) mask : face / pseudonym : name(面具是假脸/笔名是 假姓名)(记) pseudo(假)＋nym(名 字)→假名；(同) 参考：pseudoscience (伪科学)(例) Jane used a pseudonym when she wrote romance novels.

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psyche PSYCHE ['saiki]

Back 477

PSYCHE n.心智,精神(英) n.心智，精神(soul, mind)(例) After years of abuse, Mary's psyche was deeply scarred.

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psychiatrist PSYCHIATRIST [sai'kai2trist]

Back 478

PSYCHIATRIST n. 精神科医生(英) n. 精神科医生(a doctor trained in psychiatry)

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psychiatry PSYCHIATRY [sai'kai2tri]

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PSYCHIATRY n.精神病学(英) n.精神病学(a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders)(记) psychi(精神)＋atry( 病学科)→精神病学(同) 派生词：psychiatric (n.精神病的)(例) David resorted to psychiatry to help cure his depression.

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psychoanalysis PSYCHOANALYSIS [`saik2u2'n9lisis]

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PSYCHOANALYSIS n.精神分析(英) n.精神分析( a method of analyzing psychic phenomena)(记) psycho(精神)＋analy sis(分析)(例) The lecture on psychoanalysis explained the importance of dreams.

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psychologist PSYCHOLOGIST [sai'k0l2d7ist]

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PSYCHOLOGIST n. 心理学家(英) n. 心理学家(the study or science of the mind and the way it works and influences behavior)(考) fungi : ecologist / motivation : psychologist(真菌是生态学家研究 对象/动机是心理学家 研究对象)(记) psychology（心理学 ）+ist

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psychopathic PSYCHOPATHIC [psaik2u`p94ik]

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PSYCHOPATHIC adj.患精神病的(英) adj.患精神病的(pert aining to mental dearrangement)(记) psycho(精神)+path( 病)+ic

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psychosis PSYCHOSIS [sai'k2usis]

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PSYCHOSIS n.精神病,变态心理(英) n.精神病，变态心理( fundamental mental derangement; insanity)(记) psych(精神)＋osis( 病)(例) John's psychosis were so severe that he never left his house.

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psychotic PSYCHOTIC [sai'k0tik]

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PSYCHOTIC adj./n. 精神病的,疯子(记) 来自psychosis(精神 病)，注意不要和psyc hic(精神的)相混

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puberty PUBERTY ['pju:b2ti]

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PUBERTY n.青春期,春情发动期(英) n.青春期，春情发动 期(marked by maturing of the genital organs)(记) puber(成熟)＋ty→进 入成熟→青春期(同) 同根词：pubescent( 到达青春期的)(例) During puberty, boys′ voices get lower.

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publicity PUBLICITY [p3b'lisiti]

Back 486

PUBLICITY n. 众人周知，张扬;宣传(英) n. 众人周知，张扬(publ ic notice);宣传(the business of bringing to the attention of the public)

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publicize PUBLICIZE ['p3blisaiz]

Back 487

PUBLICIZE v.宣传,引人注意(英) v.宣传，引人注意(to bring to the attention of the public; advertise)(记) public(公开的)＋ize →公开化，宣传(例) The theater company publicized its new season of plays.

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pucker PUCKER ['p3k2]

Back 488

PUCKER v.起皱; n.皱褶(英) v.起皱(become wrinkled);n.皱褶(a fold or wrinkle)(考) astringent : pucker / spark ; ignition(收缩剂可以用来收缩 /火花可以用来点燃)(例) If you pucker up your lips like that, you'll get lasting lines round your mouth.

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puckish PUCKISH ['p3ki6]

Back 489

PUCKISH adj. 淘气的(英) adj. 淘气的(mischievous)(考) 反义词：sober(严肃 的); grave(严重的)

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puddle PUDDLE ['p3dl]

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PUDDLE n.水坑,洼(英) n.水坑，洼(a very small pool of dirty or muddy water)(记) 注意不要和peddle(沿 街叫卖)相混

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puerile PUERILE ['pju2rail]

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PUERILE adj.幼稚的; 儿童的(英) adj.幼稚的(childish )；儿童的(juvenile)(考) 反义词：sagacious( 精明的)(记) puer(＝boy男孩)＋il e→男孩的，幼稚的

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pugilism PUGILISM ['pju:d7iliz2m]

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PUGILISM n.拳击,搏击(英) n.拳击，搏击(boxing )(记) pugil(打斗)＋ism→ 拳击

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pugilist PUGILIST ['pju:d7ilist]

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PUGILIST n. 拳击手，拳师(英) n. 拳击手，拳师 (a boxer)

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pugnacious PUGNACIOUS [p3g'nei62s]

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PUGNACIOUS adj.好斗的(英) adj.好斗的(having a quarrelsome or combative nature; truculent)(记) pugn(打斗)＋acious →好斗的(同) 派生词: pugnacity (n. 好斗性)(例) The pugnacious student was sent to the principal's office.

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puissance PUISSANCE ['pju:is2ns]

Back 495

PUISSANCE n.权力(英) n.权力(strength, power)(考) 反义词：powerlessne ss(无权)

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puissant PUISSANT ['pju:is2nt]

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PUISSANT adj.强有力的,强大的(英) adj.强有力的，强大 的(having strength; powerful)(记) puis(力量)＋sant

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pulchritude PULCHRITUDE ['p3lkritju:d]

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PULCHRITUDE n.美丽(英) n.美丽(physical comeliness)(考) 反义词：ungliness( 丑的); hideous(可怕的)(记) pulchr(美丽)＋itude

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pullet PULLET ['pulit]

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PULLET n. 小母鸡(英) n. 小母鸡 (a young hen during its first year of laying eggs)(考) filly : horse / pullet : chicken(小母马和马/小母鸡 和鸡)

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pulley PULLEY ['puli]

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PULLEY n.滑轮,滑车(英) n.滑轮，滑车(a wheel used to transmit power by means of a band, belt, cord, rope, or chain passing over its rim[轮缘])(记) pull(拉)＋ey

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pullulate PULLULATE ['p3ljuleit]

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PULLULATE v.繁殖; 剧增(英) v.繁殖(to breed or produce freely)；剧增(teem)(记) pullul(小动物)＋ate →生小动物→繁殖;(同) 参考：pullus(幼鸟， 雏鸟)