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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pg. 320 (8):
Which of the following is based on classical conditioning? |
Systematic Desensitization.
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Pg.321 (15)
A social psychologist finds that subjects who drink coffee before viewing a videotape of a comedian find her to be funnier than those who didn't drink coffee. Which theory explains? |
The Cognitive-Physiological Theory: It's the Schachter- Singer Theory.,,
Why? Drinking coffee increases your arousal, and a heightened states cause some sort of emotion, regardless of the situation or cognitions... |
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Which of the following treatment approaches would be WORST for the model "treatment should be directed toward coping mechanisms for everyday life?"
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Somatic-based: B/c they're about physical or biochemical disorders.
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Which of Freud's ideas is least accepted in current psychoanalytic theory?
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The Death Instinct gets the least support.
(not reaction formation, infantile sexuality, repression, or dream analysis). |
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What's approach focuses on individual case studies?
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Idiographic (it's Gordon Allport)
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What's the Barnum Effect?
What's the Hawthorne Effect? |
Barnum effect is the tendency for people to agree with personality interpretations that are provided.
Hawthorne: Tendency for people to behave differently if they know they're being watched. |
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Milgram study studied?
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Conformity (not persuasion).
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61. When a subject uses a baseball bat to prop open a door, it's...
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Divergent thinking
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66. Watson did NOT use this method..
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Watson (behaviorist) did NOT use: Method of HITS (that's for signal detection)
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Who founded the APA?
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Stanley Hall founded the APA in 1892.
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A dog that learned by conditioning to scratch behind the ears by rubbing against the pavement suddenly rubs his ears with his paws. What's this?
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It's Instinctual drift! The tendency for natural or instinctual behaviors to spontaneously reappear during conditioning.
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112. Herring theory of Color Perception
Young-Helmhotz: Tri-color theory of color perception. |
Herring: The Opponent Process Theory: Color is perceived through red-green, blue-yellow, or black-white opposing pairs of color receptors.
Young-Helmhotz: Tri-color theory of color perception. |
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115. What's the best way to present a tone in order to enhance memory of quickly vanishing letters on a tachistoscopinc display?
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Do the tone ONE SECOND after the letter vanishes from the display (b/c the letter will still be in sensory memory).
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116. What's clustering?
What's chunking? |
Clustering: Enhancing recall associated with grouping terms into semantically linked clusters. (ex/ movie genres for favorite all-time movies).
Chunking: Taking individual units of information (chunks) and grouping them into larger units. (ex. Phone numbers 40432994 would be 404-329-). Get it? :) |
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121. Helmholtz and Young re: neural basis for pitch perception
Compared to Frequency Theory |
Hemholz and Young re: neural basis for pitch perception:
PLACE THEORY: is a theory of hearing which states that our perception of sound depends on where each component frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane. Frequency Theory: Suggests the basilar membrane moves as a whole, and the rate of vibration equals the frequency of the stimulus. |
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125. What's the current view on feature detectors in the auditory and visual system?
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What's the current view on feature detectors in the auditory and visual system?
Feature detectors have been demonstrated in both visual and auditory modalities. |
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129. Two-point discrimination is assessed in the study of?
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Two-point discrimination: The ability to perceive two TACTILE points as distinct from each other. Cutaneous sensitivity and touch perception.
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132. Albert Ellis's RET (Rational- Emotive Therapy) is an example of...
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Ellis's RET is: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.
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134. What's the therapy that believes that analyst must serve as an OBJECT onto which hostile impulses are projected?
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What's the therapy that believes that analyst or patient must serve as an OBJECT onto which hostile impulses are projected?
Object-relations therapy! (and their main dude is D.W. Winnicott). |
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139. What's the genotype's relationship to the phenotype?
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The genotype is the organism's finite potential. It interacts with the environment to form the phenotype.
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147. Who inferred the existence of synapses?
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147. Who inferred the existence of synapses?
Charles Sherrington. |
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What the hell is ABRECATION?
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ABRECATION is Freud's term for the uncovering and discharge of a repressed emotion.
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ECT (electroconvulsive shock therapy) is used for?
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ECT's used for severe depression
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156. Some names:
1. Harlow 2. Karl Von Frisch 3. Erin Kandel 4. Edward Thorndike 5. R.C Tyron |
1. Harlow: Contact comfort
2. Karl Von Frisch: honeybees 3. Erin Kandel: aplysia and neural learning. 4. Edward Thorndike: leaning theory, Law of Effect [the idea that behaviors are selected by their consequences. Behavior that is repeated is often followed by a desired consequence and behavior that is not repeated had previously been followed by a bad consequence.] 5. R.C Tyron: Maze-bright, maze-dull rats. |
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Olfactory modality is most integrated with the...
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Olfactory is most integrated with the Limbic System (they're close to each other, olfactory's a really old system, and there's research between olfaction and memory).
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175. DNA is to...
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DNA is to: a draftsman's template that identically copies a given number of shapes or symbols. DNA= protein template for other proteins
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177. F-POT:
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F-POT:
1. Frontal: Problem-solving, reasoning 2. Parietal lobe: Somatosensory processing 3. Occipital Lobe: Visual processing. *Memory? Limbic regions of brain and to hippocampus. |
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194. Who defined convergent and divergent thinking?
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J.P. Guilford: Defined convergent and divergent thinking.
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196. When someone's judgmental about a party b/c they "know how people act at parties," what's that called?
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A Script! A procedural schema or expected way in which a process or event will take place. Like, a preconception.
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Who came up with Stability (-Instability) and Introversion (-Extroversion)?
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Who came up with Stability (-Instability) and Introversion (-Extroversion)?
Hans Eysenck. He had a dimensional approach to personality with major traits. Stability-instability and introversion-extroversion are two MAJOR DIMENSIONS. |
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Henry Murray and the Thematic Apperception Test are related to which term?
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Henry Murray and the Thematic Apperception Test are related to?
nAch. Need to achieve will be measured by the TAT, a projective test with ambiguous story cards. Apperception: To perceive new experience in relation to past experience. |
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206. "peek-a-boo" centers around which developmental concept?
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"peek-a-boo" centers around which developmental concept? Object Permanence
Conservation is when the same quantity is preserved despite changing shape. |
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208. What's NOT related to Mary Ainsworth's study with infants?
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What's NOT related to Mary Ainsworth's study with infants?
I won't say the wrong one, but the right ones are 1. Secure 2. Insecure/ resistant 3. Insecure/avoidant. |
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214. A low self-esteem person would attribute their success to?
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External Causes, duh. Read the question. Duh.
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What's the Yekes-Dodson Law?
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Yekes-Dodson Law: Performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point. When levels of arousal become too high, performance decreases.
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When you choose your favorite something, what's that scale?
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Nominal!
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What's a lesion to the cerebellum do?
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What's a lesion to the cerebellum do? Makes movements clumsy, and exaggerates voluntary movements.
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Fechner did what?
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Fechner did what?
Quantify Weber's Laws about stimulus and sensation... |
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Who's Franz Joseph Gall?
John Locke? O.E. Wilson? William James? |
Phrenology is Franz Joseph Gall.
Tabula Rasa is John Locke. O.E. Wilson: Sociobiolgy and Eugenics. William James? Stream of Consciousness. |
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Each sentence has what?
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Its own unique surface structure.
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Whorf hypothesis?
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Whorf hypothesis? Language influences perception. snow= cold white rain...
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What's Reconstructive Memory Theory?
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Reconstructive Memory Theory? Much of what is recalled is reconstructed. Only the main details in a story are recalled with "fillers"
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What's the four basic units of language?
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What's the four basic units of language?
1. Phonology: Sound 2. Syntax: Structure 3. Semantics: Meaning 4. Pragmatics: Practical usage. |
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Parametric Stats:
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Parametric Stats: Parameter relates to mean of the population itself.
Stats: The mean of the sample itself. |
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Supernormal stimulus
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Supernormal stimulus: Provokes a more extreme reaction than the stimulus itself.
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holophrase is?
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Holophrase: Complete thought is expressed in one word. Telegraphic Speech: Omits many words and endings.
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70. Part II
What's dual-coding? What's conceptual reorganization? Concept formation? Retrieval inhibition? |
70. Cognitive Psych:
1. What's dual-coding: Gives equal weight to verbal and non-verbal processing. both visual and verbal information are processed differently and along distinct channels with the human mind creating separate representations for information processed in each channel. 2. What's conceptual reorganization? Concept formation? Retrieval inhibition? |
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71. List of unrelated nouns, then a 30 second distractor, then a free-recall test for nouns. What's the most likely result of the distractor?
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List of unrelated nouns, then a 30 second distractor, then a free-recall test for nouns. What's the most likely result of the distractor?
The recency effect is significantly diminished, the primacy effect is NOT! |
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78. Attitude BEST PREDICTS individual differences in behavior when...?
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78. Attitude BEST PREDICTS individual differences in behavior when?
The attitude they measured is specific to the observed behavior. Kinda cool. |
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80. OK, they found a decent positive correlation between sleep duration and school performance?
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80. With a decent positive correlation between sleep duration and school performance?
Why NOT infer a causal relationship? What my dumb retarded ass didn't realize is that the relationship can be reversed (i.e. does lots of sleep cause good grades or do kids with good grade have lots of motivation to sleep?) |
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88. A (n=10), 7.6 hours of sleep
B (n= 30), 7.7 hours of sleep C (n= 50), 7.0 hours of sleep D (n= 10), 6.4 hours of sleep What should we make of the data? What should we qualify about sleep and grades? |
The relationship doesn't seem linear. (NOTE: it's not biased, it's informative).
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87. Find a good way of distinguishing between
1. Content Validity 2. Predictive Validity 3. Construct Validity: |
87. Find a good way of distinguishing between
1. Content Validity: Extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given social concept. 2. Predictive Validity: measure of agreement between results obtained by the evaluated instrument and results obtained from more direct and objective measurements. 3. Construct Validity: Construct validity refers to the degree to which inferences can legitimately be made from the operationalizations in your study to the theoretical constructs on which those operationalizations were based. Like external validity, construct validity is related to generalizing The question: You made a test to measure "feelings of nostalgia." If you analyze the patterns of correlations among this test and others to find out whether they both actually measure nostalgia, what's that called? Construct Validity |
