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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glycolipids
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lipids with sugar groups attached
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Ganglioside
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most common type of glycolipid
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Alpha-helix
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screw-type formation that minimizes contact of the polar peptide bonds between amino acids with nonpolar fatty acid tails. Makes up the region that crosses within the hydrophobic membrane
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Glycocalyx
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The protein and carbohydrate rich coating on the cell surface
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Tight (Occluding) Junctions
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seal spaces between cells
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Anchoring Junctions
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Connect cell cytoplasm to another through anchoring proteins (desmosomes use intermediate filaments)
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Gap Junctions
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allow cells to directly exchange cytoplasmic material (plasmodesmata in plants)
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Connexins
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proteins that form gap junctions. Together they form a connexon
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Ribosomes
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involved in protein production (translation) and are synthesized by the nucleolus. Proteins for cytoplasm produced by free ribosomes, proteins for membranes are produced in rough ER
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Lumen contiguous with nuclear envelope. Smooth ER produces lipids and detoxification, rough ER produces proteins.
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Golgi Apparatus
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Stacks closest to ER are cis Golgi, farthest are trans Golgi. Cis golgi receives proteins through vesicles. Proteins are modified (glycosylation) and repackaged
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Lysosomes
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contain hydrolytic enzymes involved in intracellular digestion. May degrade cell if it is injured or dying.
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Peroxisomes
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Contain oxidative enzymes that catalyze reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is produced or degraded. Break down fats and in the liver toxins.
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Mitochondria
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Site of aerobic respiration. Inner membrane made up of convolutions called cristae. Semiautonomous
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Chloroplasts
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Only in plat cells and protists. Site of photosynthesis. Semiautonomous
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