Gramática 45

Front 1

When one action or condition is related to another (x will happen provided that y occurs; we'll do z unless a happens), a relationship of contingency exists. One event depends on another. Use these conjunctions to express these relationships:

Back 1

a menos que=unless
antes (de) que=before
con tal (de) que=provided (that)
en caso de que=in case
para que=so that

Front 2

These conjunctions introduce subordinate clauses in which events have not yet materialized. Events are conceptual.

Back 2

Voy *con tal de que* ellos me *acompañen*.

*En caso de que**llegue* Juan, dile que ya salí.

Front 3

When there is no change of subject in the sentence, Spanish more frequently uses the prepositions *para* and *antes de*, plus the infinitive.

Back 3

Preposition, one subj:
Estoy aquí *para aprender*
Voy a comer *antes de salir*

Conjunction, 2 subj:
Estoy aquí *para que* Uds. *aprendan*
Voy a comer *antes de que**salgamos*.

Front 4

a menos que

Back 4

unless

Front 5

antes (de) que

Back 5

before

Front 6

con tal (de) que

Back 6

provided (that)

Front 7

en caso de que

Back 7

in case

Front 8

para que...

Back 8

so that

Front 9

¿Para qué?

Back 9

What for?
For what purpose?

Front 10

Para (que)...

Back 10

(In order) to...
So that...

use subjunctive w/ que
use infinitive w/out que

Front 11

¿Por qué?

Back 11

Why?
For what reason?

Front 12

Porque...

Back 12

Because...

(use infinitive)