Grammar

Front 1

Group 1 verbs end with what character in dict form?

Back 1

Any among the う line

Front 2

How do you know if a verb belongs to group 2?

Back 2

The last character of the verb ends with る

Front 3

How do you know if the verbs belongs to group 3? (Irregular verbs)

Back 3

Unless it's する (to do) or くる (to come) it will not belong to group 3

Front 4

How to change into た form for verbs ending in う、つ or る

Back 4

Get rid of the last character and change to った

Front 5

How to change into た form for verbs ending in む、ぬ or ぶ

Back 5

Replace the last character of the verb with んだ

Front 6

How to change into た form for verbs ending in く

Back 6

Replace く with いた

Front 7

How to change into た form for verbs ending in ぐ

Back 7

Swap ぐ with いだ

Front 8

How to change into た form for verbs ending in す

Back 8

Swap す with した

Front 9

How to change into た form for verbs ending in る (group 2)

Back 9

Replace る with た

Front 10

What is た form?

Back 10

Informal past tense verb

Front 11

(て form verb) + ください =

Back 11

A request

Front 12

Education status - in what order does it come - School first? Or Year first? - for example Bluecoat Academy - First year or First year - Bluecoat Academy

Back 12

School then year - Bluecoat Academy, first year student (いちねんせい)

Front 13

どれ

Back 13

Which

Front 14

How to turn an い adjective negative?

Back 14

Replace い with kunai

Front 15

How to turn an い adjective past tense?

Back 15

Replace い with katta

Front 16

How to turn an い adjective past negative?

Back 16

Replace い with kuna kata

Front 17

How to turn a na adjective negative?

Back 17

Add on じゃない

Front 18

How to turn an な adjective past tense?

Back 18

Add on でした

Front 19

How to turn an な adjective past negative tense?

Back 19

Add on じゃないかった

Front 20

あの

Back 20

That (far away - something that is not in sight)

Front 21

Group 1 - how to make dictionary form

Back 21

Change the final hirigana from an い group to an う group

Front 22

To make the plain past form with group 1

Back 22

Make the て form, then replace て with た。

Front 23

To make the negative form for group 1

Back 23

Change the final hirigana from an う group to an あ group, then add ない。

Front 24

Adjective Group 1 - To make the plain past negative form

Back 24

Make the plain negative form, then replace the final with かった

Front 25

How to make the plain form of a group 2 verb

Back 25

Remove the ます, then replace with る

Front 26

How to make the plain past form of a group 2 verb

Back 26

Remove the ます, then replace with た

Front 27

たり form

Back 27

To list - すしをたべ たり しつもん します。 always use します on the end

Front 28

Affirmative Verb

Back 28

An affirmative verb is a present tense verb, but can be used for future tense; for example, カツカレをたべます。In Japanese this can be used for "I'm eating Katsu curry" and "I will eat Katsu curry"

Front 29

Saying you want something

Back 29

For personal wants, you use が followed by はしい. We use が rather than を, because in Japanese "want" is counted as an adjective, rather than a verb like in English.

Front 30

Difference between これ/この (same for それ/その and あれ/あの).

Back 30

is that when it ends with の, you know what the specific item is. While when you use れ you are not certain what the item is.

Front 31

Saying someone else wants something.

Back 31

Use ほしがっている instead of ほしい。By adding がっている it adds a sense of uncertainty, as we never fully know what a person wants。

Front 32

Using ください

Back 32

ください (kudasai) is used:After the particle "o" を, for example when ordering food:　"水をください" (Mizu o kudasai - Please, water.);When asking something that involves an action, along with the verb in the -te form, like: "ちょっと待ってください" (Chotto matte kudasai - Please, wait.). Note: do not use onegaishimasu here.

Front 33

Using おねがいします

Back 33

Also when ordering food, but in this case "を" is not necessary. Just say: "水お願いします" (Mizu onegaishimasu); Note: Onegaishimasu is more polite/formal than kudasai.When calling for someone's attention; for example, a waiter/waitress to your table.Use onegaishimasu when requesting a service that you cannot fulfill yourself: "東京駅までお願いします。" (Tokyo eki made onegaishimasu. - Tokyo Station, please [to the taxi driver]) Note: do not use kudasai here.Use onegaishimasu when asking for someone over the phone: 和子さんお願いします (Kazuko-san onegaishimasu. - May I speak to Kazuko?) Note: do not use kudasai here.

Front 34

How to compare

Back 34

Thing you least like, より, then thing you most like, のほうがすきです。

Front 35

が particle - use

Back 35

Can be used as 'but'

Front 36

Which verb to use when saying "I play (sport/video games)

Back 36

します

Front 37

Particles to use when meeting with someone you close to, and what particle to use when meeting with someone who is important, people you don't know, teacher, co-worker etc.

Back 37

と for people your close to, and に for important, respective, strangers, co-workers etc.

Front 38

When is (something)?

Back 38

(something)はいつですか?

Front 39

Who is (something/someone)

Back 39

(something/someone)はだれですか?

Front 40

Where is something?

Back 40

(something) は どこ ですか?

Front 41

How is (something)?

Back 41

(something) はどうですか?

Front 42

What is (something)?

Back 42

(something) はなにですか?

Front 43

こ/そ/あれ は (object) ですか

Back 43

Is that a (object)?

Front 44

こ/そ/あれ は だれ の (object)ですか?

Back 44

Who's (object) is this?

Front 45

How to use これは(noun)ですか、(noun)ですか? What does this structure do?

Back 45

To ask someone if something is either one thing or another, for example,

これは 「9」 ですか、「7」 ですか。

Is this a 9 or 7?

「9」です。

It's a 9.

Front 46

Using の to describe one noun with another, or to show posession of a noun

Back 46

これは にほんごの ほんです。

This is a Japanese book/This book is about Japanese.

これは ぼくの ほんです。

This is my book.

Front 47

の Substituting for a noun

Back 47

Rather than using a noun again (Which has already been mentioned) You can use の (it doesn't even have to of already been mentioned) e.g.

これは だれの かばんですか?

Who's bag is that?

さとうさんの です。

It's Ms. Sato's.

Another example e.g. これは サムくんの ですか?

(Pointing at an object) Is that Sam's?

Front 48

しつれいですか～

Back 48

Use when asking for personal information

Front 49

から～まで。(私のいえから美亜子のいえまで。)

Back 49

From～until (from my house until Mia's house)

Front 50

How to use だけ

Back 50

Add it to the end of a verb/noun/adjective to make the sentence a "just" sentence e.g. "I just guessed" "I just thought it would be fun"

Front 51

How to use た-form verb + こと が ある?

Back 51

You add た-form verb + ことがある to the end of a sentence for it to mean you "have done something before". e.g. I have never seen anything like it, I used to envy his good fortune etc.

Front 52

To show something is happening (a verb is happening etc.)

Back 52

Verb てーform + ある

Front 53

Is it okay if I?

Back 53

Noun/で na adjective/くて i adjective/verb て-form + もいいですか?

Front 54

After doing a something I then do something else.

Back 54

てーform + から

Front 55

You must not, may not

Back 55

Verb てーform + てはいけない

Front 56

Nothing is more

Back 56

Noun + いがいの何ものでもない

Front 57

It's not necessary to, I don't need to

Back 57

Verb - Dictionary form + までもなく

Front 58

Short way to say you need to do something

Back 58

Verb+なきゃ

Front 59

I wish that...

Back 59

Verb - ば + いいのになあ。(Only used for things that definitely won't happen) (I wish I had superpowers etc.)

Front 60

Asking for permission

Back 60

Verb + させてもらう

Front 61

Using こと

Back 61

こと turns a verb into a noun. For example - はしでなっとを食べることかんたんじゃない - Natto isn't simple/easy to eat with chopsticks.

お酒を飲みます - To drink sake

お酒を飲みること - Sake drinking

Front 62

Verb + ことができる

Back 62

Used to show you can do something.

e.g. はしで食べものをたべることができます

Used to show you can definitely do or not do something (something physically preventing you, not just you not wanting to)

Front 63

Verb (dict-form) + までに

Noun + までに

Back 63

Using までに is the same as using "by" in English for example.

"I need to hand this assignment in by midnight"

Shukudai o ashita made ni teishutsu shinakucha ikemasen.

Front 64

みたい

Back 64

Used to show something is like something.

e.g. ジョン-くんは犬みたいですよ

John is like a dog.

Front 65

verb + ながら

Back 65

ながら is the same as the English word "while" - For example - 食べながら = While eating

Front 66

Noun + など

Back 66

など means - Things like, such as

サッカーなどにきょうみはない。

I'm not interested in things such as football.

Front 67

Verb ない form + で

Back 67

Means without doing, don't

かれはかさをもたないででたいった

He went out without taking his umbrella.

Front 68

Verb ない-form (remove the い) + けらばならない。

Back 68

Add this to the stem of a verb, to make it into a command, such as "You have to study" 勉強なけらべならない

Front 69

Verb + なくて(も)いい

Back 69

Means "you don't need to" e.g. "You need not pay for lunch" "あなたは昼食をかいなくて(も)いいですよ。Use も if you are being polite, don't use it if you're speaking casually

Front 70

Using なら

Back 70

なら translates to "if" in English. It is used in lots of ways, for example "ハヂヤ-ちゃんならできるよ!" - If it's Hadiyah (you), you can do it!"

"明日なら会ってもいいよ" - If it's tomorrow then we can meet".

Front 71

Using 終わる (おわる)

Back 71

おわる in it's self is a verb (to finish), but can be used to see if something has finished something e.g. -

もうあのしゅくだいは終わりましたか? - Polite

もうあのしゅくだい、終わった? - Casual

Front 72

Using - てほしい

Back 72

Verb-ない form + でほしい

Verb-て form + ほしい

窓を閉めてほしい。エアコンをつけてほしい。- I need you to close the window. I need you to turn the aircon on.

ダーリン、このかばんをかってほしい。- Darling, I need you to buy me this bag.

Front 73

Using に

Back 73

Indicates a specific date/time, along with the particle used when someone gives someone something (physical or non-physical, e.g. coffee, email, present, text etc. etc.) e.g. サムくんはミアちゃんにコーラーをあげます。

e.g. 水曜日にロンドンでえいがをします。

Front 74

Using へ

Back 74

Location particle

Front 75

Asking someone to do something with you

Back 75

Verb + ませんか

e.g. いしょうにロンドンへいきませんか? Want to go to London with me?

Front 76

Suggesting to go do something (where you more or less know they will say yes)

Back 76

Verb + ましょう

e.g. ちょっとやすみましょう?

e.g. Shall we take a little break?

Front 77

Using で

Back 77

Specifies which tool is used, used to show transportation, also indicates a place where an action is taking/taken place.

Front 78

Using もう

Back 78

もう means already, but is used in questions a lot in Japanese

e.g. もうにもつをおくりましたか?

Have you already sent the parcel?

Front 79

Using より

Back 79

より is used to compare things.

e.g. ジョウンくんよりサムくんのほうがハンサムです。

より translates to "from" + "than"

Front 80

Using と

Back 80

と is used to list, when asking a question between two objects/people e.g. おさか と ときょう と ぢら が うつぅしい ですか?

Front 81

Asking which is the best of something.

Back 81

N1 で なに/どこ/だれ/いつ いちばん adj ですか?

(Note - Don't use どちら for places, use どこ)

Front 82

Using verb-たい form

Back 82

Noun1 を Verb-たい です

I want to (verb)

- Use this when saying you want to do a particular verb/thing

Front 83

Offering someone something

Back 83

Object を ましょう ですか?

Would you like (noun)?

コーヒーをましょうですか?

Would you like a coffee?

Front 84

Using から and まで

Back 84

から and まで means "to" and "from".

e.g. Leeds から Nottingham まで でんしゃ で どのぐらい かかります?

How long does it take to get from Leeds to Nottingham by train?

Front 85

ご and お infront of nouns

Back 85

ご + お are used to express respect

e.g. ごかぞく - Someone else's family

e.g. お父さん - Someone else's dad

Front 86

Adding か to question words

Back 86

Changes there meaning.

e.g. どこか - somewhere

e.g. なにか - something

Front 87

Verb groups in Japanese

Back 87

Group 1 verbs - う coloumn ending

Group 2 verbs - いる、える

Group 3 verbs - Only a few verbs in this group

Front 88

Converting verbs into て form

Back 88

い、ち、り - って

み、び、に - んで

き - いて

ぎ - いで

し - して

Front 89

Using の as a nominalizer ("noun-alizer)

Back 89

Adding の to the end of a sentence, in which the verb is in dictionary form, allows you to create a more complex sentence. For example サーッかーをする の は おもしろいです。Playing soccer is interesting.

私は中国の食べ物を作るのが好きです

I like making Chinese food.

しゅくだいをするのを忘れました。

I forgot to do my homework.

Front 90

Something (noun) did an action (verb) to something (noun)

Back 90

(subject - noun) は (other person, object, animal etc. - noun) に (noun - person, object, animal (belonging to the subject person) を (verb in passive (れました - form)。

ぼくは犬に足をかまれました

The dog bit my leg.

Front 91

つもり

Back 91

Used at the end of sentences to show you plan to do something - It's similar to saying "I plan to", "I intend to".

E.g. - ならへ行くつもりです。

I plan to go to Nara.

Front 92

Using みて

Back 92

(noun) + みて + (verb) (ください - depends if it's a request)

Means "try". E.g. - お酒をのんでみてください - Please try some alcohol

Front 93

Using ための

Back 93

まさひろのためのケエーキ

(The cake for Masahiro)