Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Past perfect to talk about new experince Had + not + done + (before) For the first. Time Sub + had + not \ never+ p.p + obj + ( before) |
He had never a cash register before
|
Before+ past simple+ past perfect Before he got married , he had never worn a tuxedo( بدلة ) diaper حفاضات اطفال
|
|
|
Past perfect --- past simple ,----now |
1----2----Now |
|
|
|
Go over sth |
يراجع شيئا ما مثل ورقة الامتحانواو رقم |
|
|
|
1- We use the past perfect to describe the first action or event from the past 2 - Reported speech 3 - we use it to describe an unreal or imaginary situation in the past if he had walked to work , had would have been late |
If i had had more money i would have bought you a watch |
|
|
|
Used to Sub + used tob+ verb Sub+ didn't+ use to +verb |
Did + sub + use to + verb |
|
|
|
Past perfect simple It used for an action which had already happened before a specific time or another action in the past *After I had read the book i lent it ro joan* she had finished work by 6: 00 pm * she had finished work by 6: 00 pm |
Past perfect progressive It used for an action which had been going on for some time before another action or a specific time in the past *We had been waiting for hours when the bus finally arrived |
|
|
|
Preposition _ to\ for 1 - to express reason I went to the store to buy milk = = = = = = = = = for milk 2- to point out recepient Give this to her This is for her
|
invite someone to a party = = = = = for a dinner |
|
|
|
Had better Sub+ had better + verb + obj It refers to the present or future not the past Used for action we think people should do |
You'd better ask a doctor about it |
|
|
|
Other (صفة) others (اسم The other (صفة) The others (اسم)
|
Another Otherwise وإلا Other than (غير ذلك (فقط they don't make anything other than cars |
|
|
|
reciprocal : متبادل each other بعضهم البعض One other الاخر themselve نفسه |
Tom and jerry hated each other Tom and jerry hated one another |
|
|
|
Present perfect Position of adverbs ( always, only , never , ever , still, just , already) |
When we use it : 1- news reports 2- unspecified time- before now 3- we can use the present perfect to describe new experience we have gained at an unspecified time in the past ( i have learnned to play the piano ) 4- change over time ( video games have become very popular with youmg people) , ( your english has improved) 5- An uncompleted action you are expecting (Mark hasn't finished his homework yet) ,( i still haven't washed the dog) 6- several action at different time ( I've called him 3 times) 7- Duration -from the past until now We can use present perfect to describr sth that started in the past and has continued up until now The action or event is continuing , it is Not finished *we can only do this with these types of verbs : A- noun-continuous verbs ( love , hate, want, be, need , etc) B- Non- continuous uses of mixed verbs ( have , hear , feel , see, etc ) C- live , work , teach and study |
|
|
|
Since and For He has loved her foe seven years He has loved her since 2006
I have had this car for 3 weeks I have had this car since Augusat
|
6 |
|
|
|
We can limit the period of the past with unfinished time expressions like : in the last week , this week , today |
I have been to london I have been to london 4 times in the last month I have lost my keys three times this week |
|
|
|
in the last month not equal last month last mont = the previous month . it is a specific time( past simple)
|
in the last month = period of time from 1 month ago until now( present perfect )
|
|
|
|
Present perfect 1- unfinished action that started in the past and continue to the present ,I have worked at IBM for 3 years 2- a finished action at an unspecified time with a connection to the present ( please call an ambulance ! I have broken my leg . 3- we use unfinished time expressions ( this week , this month , in the last week ) |
Past simple 1- finished action ,I worked at IBM for 3 years ( i no longer work there ) 2- a finished action at a specific time without a connection to the present " I broke my leg yesterday . it was terrible ! 3- we use finished time expressipns ( yesterday , last month. ,2 weeks ago ) |
* we do NOT use the present perfect with a finished time expression : I have broken my leg yesterday. X |
|
|
We use was with ( I , he , she , it ) We use were with ( they , you , we ) |
T |
|
|
|
Present perfect progressive is used for : 1- an action or situation which started in the past and continue up to the present ( emphasis on the duration) (Tom's been listening to music for hours) |
2- an action which happened over a period of time in the past and may have finished , but its result are obvious in the present ( it's been raining hard , the roads are still wet ) |
|
|
|
present simple is used for : 1- permanent situation she works in a bank . 2- routines\ habitual actions He often goes out on saturday |
3- general truths |
|
|
|
Present progressive is used for : 1- temporary situation 2- action happening at the moment of speaking |
3- future arrangements |
|
|
|
Past simple is used for : 1- completed actions that took place at a definite time in the past , the time is either mentioned or implied: We walked to the station She arrived here last week |
2- habitual or repeated past actions I played on a team when I was ten 3- completed actions which happened one after the other in the past He got up , washed and left for work |
|
|
|
Articles 1- a is used for : # general # consonant # first time |
The # specific # second time |
|
|
|
Articles we don't use it with: 1- countries Except ( The usa , the uk , the virgin island) 2- meals ( breakfast ، lunch , lunch , dinner) Except a specific meal as the dinner 3- jobs |
4- proper nouns See you on monday He is in london 5- languages: 6- uncountable nouns Bread 6- uncountable nouns Bread Except (specific ) the bread 7- abstract nouns The information was helpful specific Freedom is worth dying for (general) |
|
|
|
We use ( the) with : 1- sth , smo already mentioned 2- unique things 3- smo , sth specific 4- the superlative degree of adjactive \adverbs 5- seas , rivers, oceans, deserts 6- group of islands , mountine randes , countries in the plural 7- nationalities ( when we refer to the whole nation ) :The english 7- nationalities ( when we refer to the whole nation ) : The english
|
8- family names ( when we refer to the whole family) 9- name of hotels , restrants , theatres, cinemas , newspaper 10- musical instrument The violin 11- before this word : morning , afternoon , evening |
|
|
|
We don't use ( the ) 1- names of people , streets , islands , mountains , cities , countries 2- days and months 3- uncountable or plural countable nouns in their general sense 4- magazines , sports , games , colours, languages , and school subjects
|
5- abstract nouns Love is a beautiful thing 6-meals 7- the word : hospital , school , work , home , bed , church , prison , university , 8- |
|
|
|
Punctuation Period . Exclamation mark! Question mark ?
|
R |
|
|
|
Continouns tense 1- to describe a long in the past that started before a specific time The long time continuo after the specific time Yesterday at 8 i was eating |
2- we use it to describe a long action in the past is interrupted by a short action We use past simple for the short action that interrupts it I was walking wgen you called me 3- we use it to ( set) describe the scene in a story before the real action start , we use the past simple for the real action ( superman was walking in the park , a family was playing football and dogs were barking , Suddenly a man ran towards him ) 4- We use it with "always" it describe annoying habits or annoying repeated action in the past. David was always smoking 5 - we use it to describe actions that happen at the same time while mark was washing the car , jane was reading . |
|
|
|
A stative verbs 1- verb of the senses : feel , hear , smellb, taste , notice , seem , look(= seem ) 2- verbs of emotions : Love, hate, like, dislike, want, need , prefer , mind , etc. |
3- verbs of preception and opinion : Know, think , believe , understand , remember 4- other verbs : be , have( = posses) , own ,belong , cost ,etc |
|
|
|
5 common mistakes ielts \ tofel 1- you're traying too hard : big words ,idioms, long complemented sentences 2- No topic sentence 3- too many ideas 4- good point( concrete example ) , no examples يعني اعطاء اشارة قوية بدون تعداد امثلة كثيرة
5-I think X,2, 3,4، يعني تستخدم العبارة مرة واحدة فقط
|
Notes about writing : 1- One paragraph should have one central point of focus
2-It is better to be simple and clear than complicated and misunderstood |
|
|
|
Paragraph 1- indent or skip line just on of them 2- all other ideas directly related to main idea 3- any length 4- details - why important - reasons - examples 5- flow - bridges - key terms - avoid repetition 6- end with bridge ( or start with bridge) |
7 - one central idea |
|
|
|
Mistakes in english I am agree. X i agree √ Are you agree X Do yoy agree. √
|
I am a student √ I am student X |
|
|
|
Synonyms of writing : Education = schooling big = large important = significant , essensial , vital development = advancement, progression , evolution Factor= aspect , element
|
Country = nation a big fun of = enjoy= like easier= simpler Smart = intelligent Candy = dessert = sweet incredible = amazing Student = pupil For example = for instance
|
|
|
|
* you can your opinion and what other people think as: ( Although many people would argue that the economy is the most important factor in nation- building , I think education has a far greater impact ) |
According to Time magazine january 2013 edition, New research in harvard university in last month said , |
|
|
|
Writing- Trasition [ In addition ( to ) Furthermore Moreover Another ] |
( All of them mean + and must 1+1= 2 idea + idea ) |
|
|
|
though although even though. ( all of them adverb ) Are followed by a clause ( sub + verb ) |
[ despite + in spite of ]. Are followed by a noun , a pronoun or an -ing form
|
|
|
|
5 tips about writing : 1 - dont use contraction اختصار Can't X Cannot √ 2- avoid there are and there is 3- Don't use this words ( really, very , a lot , so ) We can use many ( for acoountable ) or much ( unaccountable) instead of ( a lot of ) |
4- passive voice vs Active voice active is better 5- use strong verbs: He gave assistace to my friend ( weak verb ) He assisted my friend ( strong verb) |
|
|
|
Comma 1- using comma in a series ( i went to eat apple, peaches , and bananes) 2- using comma with two or more adjectives ( the young, energetic dog barked loudly . |
3- using comma with a conjection ( tom likes to play with toy cars , and johney likes to play with toy dinosaurs ) 4- using comma after introductory phrases ( after we won the game , we celebrated by going to a nice restairant ) |
|
|
|
Notes about reading : 1) learn synonyms 2) pay close attention to negative words : ( hardly , never, rarely, seldom ) 3) pay attention to frequency words ( always, often , sometimes, never ) 4) stick with first answer 5) question often follow passege order
|
6- know what topic sentences are 7) be careful - word in question \ reading not always correct 8) scan backwards for practice تدور بالعكس على اشياء واضحة |
|
