Grammar 5D-5G

Front 1

how do you form a gerundive?

Back 1

present stem +ndus, a, um or present participle -s +dus, a, um

Front 2

milites ducendi is an example of what?

Back 2

adjectival use of gerundive, ducendi agrees with milites

Front 3

what verbs are always followed by a gerundive?

Back 3

do, peto, curo (granting, asking, taking care of)

Front 4

aedes faciendae sunt is an example of what?

Back 4

gerundive as complement, agrees with aedes

Front 5

Dixit laborem faciendam esse. Explain how each term is being used.

Back 5

This is an example of indirect speech= acc (laborem) +inf (esse); faciendam is the complement of laborem

Front 6

What case is agency normally expressed in when used with the gerundive?

Back 6

dative

Front 7

What case is agency expressed in when used with a gerundive and an intransitive verb?

Back 7

ablative

Front 8

parcendum est feminae. Explain parcendum.

Back 8

Parcendum is a gerundive in an impersonal expression because parco is an intransitive verb, i.e. does not take a direct object

Front 9

how is "ad" translated with a gerundive?

Back 9

"for the purpose of"

Front 10

what is the meaning of a gerundive?

Back 10

"to be _____"; passive in meaning; carries sense of obligation

Front 11

what case follows "causa" and "gratia"?

Back 11

genitive

Front 12

What are the verbs of fearing?

Back 12

Timeo, Vereor, Metuo, paveo (be frightened)

Front 13

If there is a reflexive pronoun in the subordinate clause, to whom does it refer?

Back 13

to the subject of the main clause

Front 14

How are present tense indicative verbs translated with dum?

Back 14

as imperfect tense

Front 15

How is time coextensive indicated in a dum construction?

Back 15

the use of two imperfect, pluperfect, future, future perfect or perfect indicative verbs in both clauses

Front 16

What does "dum" mean when it is used with the indicative?

Back 16

"when" or "at one point"

Front 17

What does "dum" mean when it is used with the subjunctive?

Back 17

"for/until such time as" or "provided that"

Front 18

What do antequam and priusquam mean?

Back 18

before; they follow the same rules as dum constructions

Front 19

What is the meaning of "utpote qui (quae, quod)"?

Back 19

"as is natural for one who"

Front 20

how do you form a perfect active subjunctive?

Back 20

take the perfect stem and add "erim, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erint"

Front 21

how do you form a perfect passive subjunctive?

Back 21

take the 4th pp and add "sim, sis, sit, simus, sitis, sint"

Front 22

What are the signals of indirect statements?

Back 22

verbs of saying, thinking, reporting like: dico, loquor, enuntio, renuntio, nuntio, pronuntio, puto (consider), spero (hope), cogito (think), existimo (think), reor (think), meditor (meditate), delibero (consider), deputo (consider), constituo (decide), profiteor (declare), consulo (deliberate), intercedo (intervene), respondeo (answer), affirmo (confirm), queror (complain), confiteor (confess), profiteor (declare), posco (demand), nego (deny), expono (explain)

Front 23

Name the subordinate uses of the perfect subjunctive.

Back 23

1) in the subordinate clause of indirect speech, 2) used in result clauses (tam/ut+subj. or potest), 3) used in cum clauses where cum means "although" or since", 4) in a generic or causal sense with qui where the subordinate clause is used to characterize the person spoken of, 5) used after a verb of fearing: timeo, metuo, or vereor

Front 24

Ne feceris. What use of the perfect subjunctive is this? How should it be translated?

Back 24

This is an independent use of the perfect subjunctive in a negative iussive; it should be translated as "do not do this" in present time even though it is a perfect subjunctive

Front 25

Besides the negative iussive, what is the other independent use of the perfect subjunctive?

Back 25

It can be used to indicate potential where it means "could, would, should, or may"

Front 26

What are the signals of indirect questions?

Back 26

1) either a verb of asking, knowing/not knowing or mental activity or 2) an interrogative conjunction "quis?" (what?), "quid" (what?), "cur?" (why), "quo?" (to where?)

Front 27

What are the verbs of asking, knowing/not knowing and mental activity?

Back 27

queso (ask), inquiro (ask), interrogo (ask), rogo (ask), rogito (ask for eagerly), scio (know), nescio (I do not know), narro (tell) , considero (ponder)

Front 28

Since there are no future subjunctives, what are used in their place? How are they formed? What must they agree with?

Back 28

a future participle (formed by adding "urus" to the 4th pp) + sim, sis, sit or essem, esses; they must agree with the subject in person, number, gender and CASE

Front 29

what are the signals for a conditional construction?

Back 29

"si" and "nisi"

Front 30

how are conditionals translated?

Back 30

usually are constructed using the pluperfect subjunctive (isse) and are translated: "if x had happened, y would have happened"; if perfect subjunctives are used, they are usually translated as present tense

Front 31

how is "quin" normally translated?

Back 31

quin usually means "but that," but also can mean "without"

Front 32

what type of construction does quin signal?

Back 32

This is a negative construction after a verb of hindering or preventing which uses the subjunctive

Front 33

fieri non potest quin is translated as:

Back 33

it cannot come about but that

Front 34

what are signals for a negative hindering or preventing construction:

Back 34

1) must use either "quin" or "quominus", 2) must use a negative expression like "nil", "nonquam", "nuli" ,"nemo"

Front 35

what signals a negative expression of doubt?

Back 35

usually quin + "dubito" or "dubium" or the negative of "scio", "fieri" "potest"

Front 36

how is are "quominus" and "ne" translated in positive clauses of hindering or preventing?

Back 36

usually translated as "from"

Front 37

what verbs are associated with "quin," "quominus," and "ne"?

Back 37

prohibeo (prevent, hinder) and impedio (prevent, hinder, impede)

Front 38

what is the form and meaning of petiverim?

Back 38

1st p s; perfect active subjunctive; I may have asked for, sought

Front 39

what is the form and meaning of petimus?

Back 39

1st pp; present active indicative; we seek

Front 40

what is the form and meaning of petivisti?

Back 40

2nd s; perfect active indicative; you (have) sought

Front 41

what is the form and meaning of petetis?

Back 41

2nd pp; future active indicative; you will seek

Front 42

what are the principal parts of peto?

Back 42

peto, petere, petivi, petitum

Front 43

what are the principal parts of vereor?

Back 43

vereor, vereri, veritus sum

Front 44

what is the form and meaning of veritus eram?

Back 44

1st ps; pluperfect active indicative; I have been afraid

Front 45

what is the form and meaning of vereatur?

Back 45

3rd ps; present active subjunctive; he may be afraid

Front 46

what is the form and meaning of veriti eritis?

Back 46

2nd pp; future perfect active indicative; you will have been afraid

Front 47

what are the principle parts of metuo?

Back 47

metuo, metuere, metui