Gram Positive And Negative Bacteria

Front 1

Gram positive bacteria shapes

Back 1

coccus and bacillus

Front 2

coccus arrangments and examples

Back 2

clusters (Staphlycoccus)
chains (Streptococcus)

Front 3

Two types of staphlycoccus

Back 3

Coagulase positive and negative

Front 4

Give an example of coagulase positive and effects

Back 4

staphylcoccus aureous (+)
-pus forming and blood infections
-scalded skin syndrome
-coagulase produces fibrin coat stopping phagocytosis.

Front 5

How to differentiate between streptococcus aerobes?

Back 5

Alpha haemolytic and Beta haemolytic.
Alphas are dark green.

Betas are yellow or transparent, due to complete lysis of blood.

Front 6

An alpha haemolytic streptoccus?

Back 6

streptoccus pnumoniae
-causes pnumonia, meningitis and bronchitis in COPD

Front 7

Two Beta-haemolytic streptoccus?

Back 7

streptoccus pyogenes.
-causes tonsillitis.

streptoccus agalactiae.
-normal anal and vaginal flora.

Front 8

Three types of Bacillus?

Back 8

- Big Bacillus, Listeria & Corynebacteria (chinese letters)

Front 9

A gram postive aerobic Bacillus that affects animals?

Back 9

Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
-humans inhale it.

Front 10

What causes diphtheria?

Back 10

Corynebacteria diphtheria (chinese letters)
-toxins produced in throat, via bloodstream inhibits protein synthesis in heart and peripheral nerves (bad).

Front 11

Listeria monocytogenes cause?

Back 11

neonatal septicaemia and meningitis.

-can multiply at 4 C

-reason for preggers not eating soft cheese.

Front 12

Name an anaerobic gram positive bacteria and four examples.

Back 12

Clostridium.

C. tetani, C. botulinum, C. diificile &
C. perfringens

Front 13

Describe C. difficile.

Back 13

hospital associated infection.
-ingestion of spores.
- spores survive alcohol. Why we need other hand washes.

Front 14

Tetanus is caused by?

Back 14

Clostridium Tetani.

- looks like a tennis racket.
-spores ubiquitous in soil =>contaminates wounds
-causes spasms and failure of resp. system.
-blocks GABA so excites NMJ.

Front 15

Describe C. Botilinum.

Back 15

-food borne.
-neuro toxin prevents release of ACh.
-can cause flaccid paralysis.
-used as botox.

Front 16

C. perfringens causes what diseases?

Back 16

food poisoning and gas gangrene.

Front 17

Give two ways of classifying aerobic gram negative bacilli.

Back 17

Fastidious and non-fastidious.

Front 18

Give two types of non-fastidious gram -ve bacteria.

Back 18

Enterobacteriaceae/ coliforms (ferments sugars) are fat bacilli.
&
oxidase positive (Non-fermentors)

Front 19

Name an opportunistic coliform/enterobacteriaceae.

Back 19

Escherichia Coli
-Normal human gut flora. some cause diarrhoea.
-Most cause UTI.
-blood stream infection.

Front 20

Define opportunistic pathogen.

Back 20

a microorganism that only causes disease when the body's immune system is impaired and unable to fight off infection.

Front 21

Name a pathogen that is opportunistic and primary.

Back 21

Kelbsiella pnumoniae.
-common cause of UTI.
-spreads very easily in hospitals.

Front 22

Name two primary enterobacteriaceae.

Back 22

Shigella and salmonella.
-cause gastroenteritis.
-salmonella affects mammals, birds and reptiles.
-salmonella causes Typhoid.

Front 23

Give two families of bacteria that are non-fermentors.

Back 23

Pseudomonas & Curved bacilli.

Front 24

Name two types of Non fermenting curved bacilli.
What disease do the cause?

Back 24

Vibrio Cholerae: causes cholera. Death from diarrhoea and ion imbalance.

& Campylobacter: commonest bacterial cause of gastroenteritis.

Front 25

Name two types of Non fermenting pseudomonas.

Back 25

pseudomonas aeruginosa & Burkholderia Cepacia.

Front 26

Describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Back 26

Gram -ve, non-fastidious bacilli, non-fermenting pseudomonas.
-Respiratory pathogen. CF and resp. pneumonia.

Front 27

Burkholderia Cepacia?

Back 27

its a plant pathogen.

difficult to treat and affects survival in CF.

Front 28

Name three fastidious, gram -ve bacilli.

Back 28

helicobacter pylori, legionella and haemophilus influenza.

Front 29

causes of haemophilus influenza.

Back 29

unencapsulated strains: COPD, pnumonia and meningitis in children.

Front 30

Description of helicobacter pylori and legionella.

Back 30

Legionella: severe pneumonia, difficult to grow; lives in amoeba in water.

helicobacter pylori: makes urease; breaks down urea into ammonia. causes inflammation+ulcers. cancer risk factor.

Front 31

Give two pathogens from the Neisseria family.

Describe what you see down a microsope.

Back 31

N. gonorrhoeae & N. meningitidis.

gram negative diplococci. Avoid phagocytosis and complement by replicating in neutrophils.

Front 32

Tuberculosis is caused by what pathogen?

Back 32

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
-sort of gram positive.
-grows a bit like fungus (hence myco)
-small bacillus.

Front 33

What defines a retrovirus?

Back 33

carruing reverse transcriptase.

turns RNA into DNA.

Front 34

Name some virus associated cancers.

Back 34

HPV => cervical and anal cancer.

Epstein Barr Virus => nasopharyngeal & Burkitts lymphoma (cancer of B cells)

Front 35

Describe Poliovirus.

Back 35

- 30nm non-enveloped icosahedron. ss +ve RNA.
- replicates in cytoplasm
-infects GALT, survives low pH
-95% asymptomatic but can cause paralysis by destroying neurones.

Front 36

Describe Herpes Simplex Virus

Back 36

-150nm enveloped icosahedron with ds DNA.
-replicates in nucleus.
-enter via oral or urogenital tracts.
-80% asymptomatic but can cause brain inflammation (encephalitis)
-can reactivate.

Front 37

What micro-organism has chitin in its cell wall?

Back 37

Fungus
Single celled, multi-nucleated or multi cellular.
sexual and asexual cycles.
replicate by budding.

Front 38

What causes thrush?

Back 38

Candida family.
opportunistic infection of mucosal surfaces.