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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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most common causative organism of UTIs in young, healthy people
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E. coli
GNR facultative |
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examples of Enterobacteriaceae
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Enterobacter
E. coli Klebsiella Proteus Salmonella Shigella Yersinia |
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Enterobacteriaceae: morphology and metabolism
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GNRs (straight)
facultative organisms |
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SIRS
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systemic inflammatory response syndrome
presence of at least 2 of the following: temp <36 or >38 HR >90 bpm RR >20 bpm or PaCO2 <32 mm Hg WBCs <4000/mL or >12000/mL or >10% bands |
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bacteremia
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isolation of bacteria from bld
may or may not indicate infection |
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sepsis
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evidence of SIRS + known or suspected infection
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septicemia
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evidence of SIRS + infection in the bld
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severe sepsis
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sepsis + organ dysfunction
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septic shock
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severe sepsis + hypotension (systolic BP <90 despite fluid resuscitation) and perfusion abnormalities
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MODS
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multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
altered organ function in an acutely ill patient homeostasis can't be maintained w/o intervention |
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typical infections of Enterobacteriaceae
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UTIs
diarrhea pneumonia bacteremia & sepsis wound infection |
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P. aeruginosa: morphology and metabolism
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GNR (straight rod)
obligate aerobe |
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P. aeruginosa: growth and nutrients
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ubiquitous, esp. in water (grows in plastic hosptial tubing)
simple growth requirements |
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P. aeruginosa: biochemical reactions
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oxidase +
cytochrome oxidase + non-lactose fermenter |
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Enterobacteriaceae: habitat
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free-living in nature
indigenous to human flora |
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Enterobacteriaceae: biochemical reactions
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catalase +
oxidase - lactose fermentation variable |
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important pathogen in immunocompromised patients
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P. aeruginosa
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P. aeruginosa: types of infections
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hospitalized / immunocompromised patients (opportunistic pathogen)
pneumonia CF patients; burn patients UTIs (if structural abnormality present) eye infections wound infections |
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exotoxin A
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virulence factor of P. aeruginosa:
disrupts host protein synthesis |
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exoenzymes S and T
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virulence factors of P. aeruginosa:
host tissue destruction |
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antigenic phase variation
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virulence factor of Enterobacteriaceae
expression of H and K antigens is genetically controlled and can be turned on and off |
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sequestration of growth factors
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virulence factor of Enterobacteriaceae
e.g. sequester Fe by hemolysis |
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mechanism of endotoxin action
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binds to receptors on B cells, macrophages
produces IL-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6, prostaglandins immune response and inflammation growth of B cells |
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effects of endotoxin
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alternative complement pathway activated
coagulation pathways activated vasodilation and capillary leakage cause shock |
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pyocyanin
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blue-green pigment that is a virulence factor in P. aeruginosa
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catalase + oxidase -
cytochrome oxidase - lactose fermentation variable |
Enterobacteriaceae
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isolation of bacteria from bld
(may or may not indicate infection) |
bacteremia
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SIRS + infection (known or suspected)
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sepsis
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SIRS + infection in bld
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septicemia
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sepsis + organ dysfunction
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severe sepsis
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severe sepsis + hypotension + perfusion abnormalities
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septic shock
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oxidase + cytochrome oxidase +
non-lactose fermenter |
P. aeruginosa
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distinguish P. aeruginosa from Enterobacteriaceae on basis of catalase reaction
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Enterobacteriaceae catalase +
P. aeruginosa catalase ? |
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distinguish P. aeruginosa from Enterobacteriaceae on basis of oxidase (or cytochrome oxidase) reaction
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Enterobacteriaceae oxidase - (cytochrome oxidase -)
P. aeruginosa oxidase + (cytochrome oxidase +) |
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distinguish P. aeruginosa from Enterobacteriaceae on basis of lactose fermentation
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Enterobacteriaceae variable lactose fermenters
P. aeruginosa non-lactose fermenter |
