Gram Negative Rods And Cocci

Front 1

Genera: Vibrio, Aeromonas, Photobacterium, and Plesiomonas are in what family?

Back 1

Vibrionaceae

Front 2

Growth in O2 +
Growth w/out O2 +
Gluc Metabolism Fermentation
Polar Flagella
Oxidase +
Inhibited by 0/129

Back 2

Vibrionaceae Vibrio

Front 3

Family Vibrionaceae
Polar Flagella
Motile
Lipase +
Mannitol +
Inhibited by 0/129

Back 3

Genus Vibrio

Front 4

Family Vibrionaceae
No Polar Flagella
Motile
Lipase Delayed
Mannitol -
Inhibited by 0/129

Back 4

Genus Photobacterium

Front 5

Family Vibrionaceae
No Polar Flagella
Motile
Lipase +
Mannitol +
Not Inhibited by 0/129

Back 5

Genus Aeromonas

Front 6

Family Vibrionaceae
No Polar Flagella
Motile
Lipase -
Mannitol +
Inhibited by 0/129

Back 6

Genus Plesiomonas

Front 7

Gram -, curved, motile, oxidase +. growth @ pH 9.0 - 9.6

Back 7

Vibrio

Front 8

What are the serotypes of V. cholera based on?
When was it isolated, and what strains?

Back 8

Based on the LPS O Antigen
5th Pandemic - 01 Strain (classical strain)
7th Pandemic - new 01 Strain (El Tor)
8th pandemic - non 01 (serotype 0139)

Front 9

V. cholerae
B hemolysis -
CAMP -
VP -

Back 9

Classic 01 Strain

Front 10

V. Cholerae
B Hemolysis +
CAMP +
VP +

Back 10

El Tor 01 Strain

Front 11

sever diarrheal, survives in water, Temp. 4 - 45 C

Back 11

Asiatic Cholera, 01 Agent, produces Cholera Toxin

Front 12

Pathogenesis of Cholera

Back 12

Ingest from contaminated water, virulence genes expressed, adheres to small intestine mucose (flagella/pili/adhesions), produces cholera toxin, causes extensive fluid/ion loss and electrolyte imbalance

Front 13

2-5 day incubation, abdominal cramps, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea (rice water), sunken eyes, shock, cardiac problems, renal failure, death.
H2O Loss: 20 L/day

Back 13

Cholera

Front 14

T or F:
Symptoms of Cholera are caused by A-B ADP-ribosylating toxin

Back 14

True
Same thing as cholera toxin
1 Enzymatic A
5 binding B

Front 15

Pathophysiology of cholera toxin

Back 15

noninvasive, disrupts normal intratintestinal exchanges of H2O/electrolytes, A1 - toxic activity, A2 facilitates penetration of A1 into cell, B subunit binds to the cell.
A1 causes cAMP to rise, causes hyperscretion of salt/H2O.
No antibiotics, self-limiting, diarrhea washes it out.

Front 16

What are the steps of evolution in V. cholerae?

Back 16

1. acquistion of Tcp pili
2. cholera toxin genes transferred by phage

Front 17

ID of V. cholerae on:
MacConkey
Oxidase
TSI S/B
Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts

Back 17

Mac: colorless, slow lastose ferm
Oxi: +
TSI A/A No gas/H2S
Grow in alk peptone water then streak on TCBS w/ bromothymol indicator
- yellow colonies

Front 18

What is 0/129?

Back 18

2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropalpteridine

Front 19

Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile-Sucrose Agar

Back 19

Fe citrate 1g
Yeast Extract 5g
Proteose Peptone 10 g
Na Citrate 10 g
Oxgale 8g
Sucrose (sacchrose) 20 g
Bile Methyl Blue 0.014 g

Front 20

Treament of V. cholerae

Back 20

H2O and electrolyte replacement therapy, IV.
No antibiotics

Front 21

Lives in sea water, causes fatal septicemia in people with liver disease, necrotizinf flesh eating bacteria, oysters. Most virulent of the noncholera vibrios.
Lactose +
Green Colonies on TCBS

Back 21

V. vulnificus
- cytotoxin/hemolysins

Front 22

less severe than vulnificus, produces an enterotoxin/hemolysin.
Growth on Wagasuma Agar
Kanagawa RX =?

Back 22

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Virulent Strain is K+
Nonvirulent Strain is K-
- causes gastroenteritis

Front 23

Growth Patterns of Vibrio on TCBS:
V. cholerae
V. vulnificus
V parahaemolyticus

Back 23

V. Cholerae - good growth, 100% yellow
V. vulnificus - good growth 90% green, 10% yellow
V. parahaemolyticus - 99% green, 1% yellow

Front 24

found in fresh water, mesophilic growth @ 37 C.
Cause wound infections, acute diarrheal disease that mimics cholera, enterotoxigenic, and stimulate cAMP.
Oxi +
motile
ferment glucose
Ind +

Back 24

Aeromonas
- hydrophilia
- caviae
- sobria

Front 25

Infects frogs, turtles, snakes, and lizards.
NaCl: 0 - 5%
pH: 4 - 9
Not inhibited by 0/129

Back 25

Plesiomonas shigelloides

Front 26

motile, polar flagella, rRNA group I-V.
Gram - rods, straight or slightly curved, strict aerobes, oxidize carbohydrates, cytochrome oxidase +.
entner-Dourdoroff pathway
Family?

Back 26

Family Pseudomonadaceae

Front 27

Smell like grapes?

Back 27

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 28

rRNA group I,
fluorescent group.
Oxi +, mot, glu +, arg decarboxylase +, produce pyoveridin

Back 28

P. aeruginosa/fluorescens/putida

Front 29

Pyocyanin +. Pyoveridin +, NO3 reduction V, Growth @ 42 C +, Gelatin liq V

Back 29

P. aeruginosa

Front 30

Pyocyanin -, Pyoverdin +, NO3 Reduction V, Growth @ 42 C -, Gelatin liq +

Back 30

P. fluorescens

Front 31

Pyocyanin -, pyoverdin +, NO3 Reduction -, Growth @ 42 C -, Gelatin liq -

Back 31

P. putida

Front 32

Can infect burns, eyes, lungs, noscomial. Can cause dermatitis,
reduces nitrate and utilizes acetamide, growth at 42 C, produces both pigment pyoverdin/pyocyanin

Back 32

P. aeruginosa

Front 33

Virulence factors of P. aeruginosa:
___ allows cell to adhere, forms a gel around the bacterium.
____ removes sialic acid residues from receptors
____ _, tissure destruction, inhibition of protein synthesis
_____ toxin, GI Tract, diarrhea
_____ _ inhibits protein synthesis
______ _ destroys P.M.
_____ cleaves immunoglobin
_____ disrupts repiratory cilia
_____ inhibits neutraphils

Back 33

Alginate
Neuraminidase
Exotoxin A
Enterotoxin
Exoenzyme S
Phospholipase C
Elastase
Pyocyanin
Leukocidin

Front 34

Grow anaerobic in nitrate, produce nitrogen gas, grow at elevated temp.
Stutzeri Group

Back 34

P. stutzeri/mendocina

Front 35

Assachrolytic members of alkaline pseudomonas. Alcaligenes groups

Back 35

P. alacligenes

Front 36

rRNA group II, Pseudomallei group.
Resitant to polymyxin antibiotics

Back 36

Burkholderia mallei - obligate parasite in horses, causes glanders
pseudomallier - causes meliodosis in humans and animals
cepacia - plant and human pathogen
gladiolo - flower rot in gladiolus, oxi -
picketti

Front 37

rRna Group III
acidovorans, up to 6 flagella tufts in this group, alkaline pseudomonads

Back 37

Comamonas acidovorans/terrigena/testosteroni

Front 38

rRNA group III
Facilis-delafieldii group

Back 38

Acidovorax delafieldii/facilis/temperans

Front 39

rRNA group IV
Diminuta Group, members of alkaline pseudomonads, single tightly coiled polar flagella, dark yellow to orange pigment

Back 39

Brevundimonas diminuta/vesicularis

Front 40

rRNA group V

Back 40

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Front 41

Large gram -, ovoid cells, pleomorphic, rods to cocci, non spore, make cysts (resting structure), aerobic, N-fixer, non symbiotic.
Highest respiration rate of any living organism, grown on Winogradsky media

Back 41

Family Azotobacteraceae

Front 42

Gram - rods, no endospores, motile aerobic,induce nodule formation on roots og legumes, symbiotic, N-fixation, growth on Carbs = slime formation.
Nod D genes

Back 42

Family Rhiozobiaceae
Genus rhizobium

Front 43

Function of resting sturcture

Back 43

resitant to UV, not heat

Front 44

Nod D

Back 44

recognizes specifc favonoids secreted by root hairs

Front 45

forms nodules and fixes N on sweet clover and alfalfa, peritrichous flagella, utilizes glu/galac, grows at pH 8.0-9.5, aerobic

Back 45

Rhizobium meliloti

Front 46

Nitrogen fixation

Back 46

NH2->NH3 via enzyme nitrogenase

Allows growth of plants in poor soils

Front 47

Nitrogenase

Back 47

2 distinct proteins
Component I (nitrogenase) - iron and molybdenum
Component II (nitrogen reductase) - iron

Needs ATP Mg++ and redcuing agent.
Very O2 sensitive

Front 48

induces nodule frmation and fixes N in soybeans, similar to rhizobium, alkaline reaction in sugar medium

Back 48

Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Front 49

soil bacteria, gram - rods, motile aerobic, slime production on carbo medium, does not fix N, no nodule formation, causes plant wounds and tumor formation.
Genes Ti plasmid

Back 49

Genus Agrobacterium
Ti + = virulent
Ti - = non virulent

Front 50

invades up to 640 species of plants, Ti plasmid is a shuttle vector. transforms plant cells, microbe enters plants through wounds

Back 50

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Front 51

diverse groups of rods, vibrios, and cocci.
Utilize methane as sole C&E source via methane monooxygenase.

Back 51

Family Methylococcaceae

Front 52

Family Methylococcaceae,
gram - rod, polar flagella, strict anaerobe, utilize methane, cat +, oxi - , cytochromes c,a,o,b

Back 52

Genus Methylomonas

Front 53

Family, Methylococcaceae,
gram negatice cocci, non motile, strict anaerobe, utilize methane, cat +, oxi - , cytochromes c,a,o,b

Back 53

Genus Methylococcus

Front 54

Methane Utilization

Back 54

Methane - methanol - formaldehyde-formate-CO2

Enzymes:
1. methane monooxygenase
2.methanol dehydrogenase
3. formaldehyde dehydrogenase
4. formate dehydrogenase

Front 55

Control of Crown Gall

Back 55

inspect nursery tosck for signs of infection.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Front 56

Example of Methylococcus/ MEthylomonas organisms?

Back 56

Methylococcus capsulatus
Methylomonas methanica

Front 57

Cell walls lack PG, gram -, grow in high [Salt], always Na >18%
Carotenoid pigments offer UV protection, Archaea Members

Back 57

Family Halobacteriaceae

Front 58

Fmily Halobacteriaceae, gram negative rods, motile, grow at 4.5 M NaCl, oxi +, cat +, gel +, uses amino acids fr growth, cells divide by constriction, red/pink/orange colonies, containt gas vacuoles

Back 58

Genus Halobacterium
- Ex. H. salinarium

Front 59

Family Halobacteriaceae
Gram - coccus, non motile, aerobic, oxi +, cat +, grow at 4.5 M NaCl, red colonies, use amino acids for energy

Back 59

Genus Halococcus
- Ex. H. morrhuae

Front 60

Gram - rods, motile, peritrichous flagella, aerobic, grow at 25-30 C, convert ethanol into acetic acid at pH 4.5, Pink disease in Pineapples

Back 60

Family Acetobacteraceae
Genus Acetobacter
- Ex. A. aceti

Front 61

gram - rods, cocci, motile, peritrichous flagella, aerboic, non pigmented, oxi +, gel -, acetate + NO3 reducer, soil/water/vertebrate GI tract

Back 61

Genus Alcaligenes
- Ex. A. faecalis

Front 62

gram - rods, non motile, thermophilic, growth 70 - 75 C, PG contains muramic acid no diaminopimelic acid, ornithine instead.
Found in thermal springs.
gorws on thermus mdeium

Back 62

Genus Thermus
- Ex. T. aquaticus

Front 63

gram - pleomorphic, short-slender coccobacilli, non motile, strict anaerobes, slow growers, facultative intracellular parasites
grow @ 20 - 40 C
cat +, oxi +, gel -, Vp -, MR -

Back 63

Genus Brucella
- B. melitensis
- B. abortus
- B. suis

Front 64

Causes Brucellosis, Undulent Fever, Malta Fever

Back 64

Genus Brucella

Front 65

Malta Fever, associated with unpasteurize goat's milk

Back 65

Brucella melitensis

Front 66

Bang's Disease

Back 66

Brucella abortus

Front 67

How to detect for B. abortus

Back 67

Abrotus Bang Ring Probe Test
- mix drop of stained bacteria + 1 ml milk
- incubate 1 hr @ 37 C
- agglutinated bacteria rise to the surface with fat globules. colored ring

Front 68

incubation 1- 3 weeks, nonspecific symptoms, fising and falling fever. Fever at night, none at day, weakness fatigue, enlarged lymph, liver, and spleen

Back 68

Undulant Fever
B. melitensis
Tetracycline

Front 69

Pathogenesis of Brucella

Back 69

smooth form is virulent, ednotoxin, enter body through ingestion, broken skin, or conjuctva.
enter RES system, intracellular multiplication --> inflammatort response, host response is granulamtous abscesses/caseation. No exotoxins

Front 70

Treatment of Brucellosis

Back 70

deoxycycline, rifampin, trimethoprim

Front 71

Identification of Brucella in the lab

Back 71

Incubation in 10% CO2, slow growth on blood/chocolate agars, oxi +, cat +, check H2S/Urease.
Good growth on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar, grows in the presence of Thionin blue/Basic fuchsin

Front 72

Brucella
thionine -
Basic fuchsin +
H2S -

Back 72

B. melitensis

Front 73

Brucella
thionine -
basic fuchsin +
H2S +

Back 73

B. abortus

Front 74

Brucella
thionine +
basic fuchsin -
H2S -

Back 74

B. suis

Front 75

Genus
Gram negative rod, pleomorphic, forms filaments, cocci and bacilli, non motile, non encapsulated

Back 75

Genus Francisella

Front 76

causes rabbit fever, plague like lesion, trasnmitted throu skin by handling infected animal, bite of deer fly, or ingestion of infected meat

Back 76

Francisella tularensis

Front 77

Pathogenesis of Tularemia

Back 77

organism enters through the skin, forms an ulcer, granulomas occur, caseation and necrosis.

Front 78

Lab Identifcation of Francisella

Back 78

francis afar (cysteine containing medium, blood-glucos-cysteine agar @ 37 C, aerobically)

F ab test
Agglutination test

Front 79

Treatment of tularemia

Back 79

streptomycin and gentamicin

Front 80

small encapsulated, gram negative rod or coccobacilli, polysaccharide capsule needed for virulence, transmitted through air droplets, whooping cough

Back 80

Bordetella pertussis
- Bordet-Gengou MEdium

Front 81

PAthogenesis of B. pertussis

Back 81

Pertussis toxin: 6 polypetides 1 enzymatic, 5 binding, lymphocytosis promoting factor (prevents migration of lymphocytes from blood vessels), increased cAMP (adenylate cyclase toxin)
Tracheal Cytotoxin: inhibits ciliary activity
Dermonecrotic toxin: causes smooth muscle contraction
Endotoxin