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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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E. coli
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normal flora of GI tract; UTIs, septicemia, neonatal meningitis
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ETEC
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traveler's diarrhea
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EHEC
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meat, fast food, bloody diarrhea
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EPEC
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pediatric diarrhea
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EIEC
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blood, mucus, WBCs present in little diarrrhea
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ESBLs
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resistance expressed by E. coli and K. pneumoniae
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K. pneumoniae
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lobar pneumonia, UTIs, resp and GI tracts of small percentage
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Enterobacter
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nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients who have received a large number of antibiotics
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Serratia marcescens
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pink/red pigments, nosocomial infections
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Proteus
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urease positive, grows well in alkaline pH; Rickettisial disease
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P. mirabilis
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UTIs
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P. vulgaris
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nosocomial infections
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Providencia stuartii
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rare cause of UTIs
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Citrobacter freundii
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rare cause of UTI and sepsis
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Shigella
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lactose non-fermenter; human reservoir, nature; acid stable
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Shigellosis
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bacillary dysentery, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea with mucus and blood
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Shigella dysenteriae
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most serious cause of dysentery
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Shigella sonnei
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most common in US
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Shigella flexneri
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most comon in underdeveloped countries
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Salmonella
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cause of Enteritis, Typhoid fever, Septicemia
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Enteritis
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most common, GI tract, increase in cAMP, DO NOT treat with antibiotics, spontaneous resolution in 2-3 days
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Typhoid fever
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pickup up by macros; high fever, diarrhea, cramps lasts weeks; treat with antibiotics
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Salmonella typhi
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humans are reservoirs, contaminated food
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Salmonella enteritidis
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enteritis
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Yersinia pestis
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causes Plague, intracellular pathogen, Zoonotic infection, squirrels and urban animals
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Bubonic plague
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yersinia pestis; flea bites
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Septicemic plague
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Yersinia pestis; lungs, bruising to skin, "black death"; multi organ failure
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Primary Pneumonic Plague
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Yersinia pestis; respiratory droplets, severe hemorrhagin, death in hours
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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ingestion of contaminated food causes entercolitis that develops into severe arthritis
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Non-fermenters
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pneumonia, UTI, and surgical site infection
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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strict aerobe; found in water and decaying matter, hospitals, nosocomial infections, endotoxins and exotoxins
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endotoxins
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inflammation
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exotoxins
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kills cells
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Acinetobacter baumannii
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nature and hospitals, moist and dry areas, low incidence but high mortality
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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections, treat with Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol
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Burkholderia cepacia
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moist areas, hospitalized patients
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Burkholderia pseudomallei
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causes meliodosis (pulmonary infection), found in vegetation, soil and water
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Moraxella catarrhalis
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Sinusitis, Otitis media, and respiratory tract infections, B-lactamase positive
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Vibrio
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halophiles (grow in salt), dies in acidic environments
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Vibrio cholerae
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in human colon, fecally contaminated water; shrimp and oysters, mucinase, enterotoxin
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mucinase
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degrades glycoprotein lining of the small intestines
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enterotoxin
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choleragen is secreted to activate cAMP
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cAMP
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causes loss of water from cells giving rise to watery diarrhea, fever, and cramps
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Cholera
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abrupt onset of vomitting and life-threatening watery diarrhea without inflammation of GI tract or fever
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Vibrio vulnificus
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found in sea water, transmitted by consumption of raw shellfish, causes diarrhea, wound infection and septicemia
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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consumption of raw shellfish/fish, causes watery diarrhea with nausea, vomitting, abdominal cramps, fever
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Aeromonas
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fresh and brackish water; contaminated water or food, GI diseases, wound infections, systemic diseases
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Plesiomonas shigelloides
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aeromonas, oxidase positive, multiple polar flagella, contamined water or seafood, exposure to amphibians or reptiles, gastroenteritis
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Campylobacter
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Zoonosis, human and animal feces, 80% poultry, meningitis, UTIs, septicemia, arthritis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome
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Campylobacter jejuni
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bloody diarrhea, cramps, fever, resolves itself, occrs 2-5 days after ingestion
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Haemophilus influenzae
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no flagella, resp tract of humans
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encapsulated H. influenzae
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6 serotypes; Hib causes 95% invavsive disease, young children
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unencapsulated H. influenzae
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90% of noninvasive respiratory tract infections
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Serotypes C and F
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bronchitis, otitis media, and sinusitis
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Serotype B
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epiglottitis in children
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Hib
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meningitis
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Haemophilus ducreyi
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STDs chancroid (Asia and Africa), males painful genital ulcers
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Legionella pneumonphilia
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soil and freshwater, contaminated inhalations, blocks fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes, Pontiac fever, Legionnaires Disease
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Pontiac Fever
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L. pneumonophilia, flu-like symptoms
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Legionnaires' Disease
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pneumonia, multiple sites, elderly, late stage is dry, hacking cough
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Pasteurella
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Zoonotic, domestic pets is major reservoir, animal bites and scratches
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Pasteurella multocida
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localized cellulitis and lymphadenitis following animal bite, endocarditis, meningitis, peritonitis, endophthalmitis, treat with penicillin
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Eikenella corrodens
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normal flora of mouth, infected wounds from human bites
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Helicobacter pylori
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in stomach, gastritis, gastric duodenal ulcers, and gastric carcinoma, ureas positive, catalase positive, oxidase positive
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Neisseriae
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aerobic, kidney bean shape, use CHOs for energy
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Neisseriae gonorrhoeae
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in genital tract, transmitted from asymptomatic carrier, neonates
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Rapid Antigenic variation
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N. gonorrhoeae, change structure rapidly resulting in multiple antigenic forms to evade immune system
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por
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N. gonorrhoeae, block neutrophil killing
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opa
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N. gonorrhoeae, bind
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lipooligosaccharide
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N. gonorrhoeae, endotoxin effects
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Rmp
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N. gonorrhoeae, protect por
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Neisseria meningitides
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oxidase positive; in upper respiratory tract, humans are only host, tissue damage, Septicemia
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Treponema pallidum
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Syphilis, VDRL test, RPR Card test, FTA-ABS test
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Congenital Syphilis
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blindness, deafness
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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Lyme disease
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Leptospira
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in UT of multiple animals, contaminated water or contact; flu-like symptoms, renal failure
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Bacteroides fragilis
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major disease causing strict anaerobe, intestines, non-spore former, capsule, endotoxin
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Actinomyces israelii
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normal flora of mouth, respiratory, digestive tracts and vagina, Cervicofacial infection
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Cervicofacial infection
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A. israelii; discharge contains sulfur granules, treat with penicillin G
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Clostridium tetani
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motile, spore forming, gram pos, lock jaw, spastic paralysis
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DTaP
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Tetanus prevention
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HTIG, Penicillin G
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treat Tetanus
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Clostridium perfringens
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non-motile, bacteremia, Myonecrosis, Gas gangrene
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Gas gangrene
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gas production, necrotic tissue
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Clostridium botulinum
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Food borne botulism, botulinum toxin
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Botulinum toxin
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binds peripheral nerve receptors, inhibits nerve impulses, flaccid paralysis
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Clostridium difficile
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GI tract, diarrhea, CDAD disease, Pseudomembranous solitis
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Enterotoxin A
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C. difficile; hypersecretino of fluids and hemorrhagic necrosis
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