Gram Negative Bacteria

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Chlamydia - brief description

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Nonmotile, coccoid, gram neg bacteria-like wall but lacks muramic acid and peptidoglycan.

Have one of the smallest procaryotic genomes.

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Chlamydia - reproduction

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Reproduce within cytoplasmic vesicles of host by a unique developmental cycle involving elementary bodies (EB's) and reticulate bodies (RB's)

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Chlamydia - membrane

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Gram-negative-like wall but lacks muramic acid and peptidoglycan. Elementary bodies use cross-linking of outer membrane proteins, and possibly, periplasmic proteins to achieve osmotic stability.

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Chlamydia - where they are found

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Obligately intracellular parasites; found mostly in mammals and birds but have been isolated from spiders, clams and freshwater invertebrates

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What is Chlamydiae

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Pylum of Chlamydia with only 5 genera

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3 recgnized human pathogens of Chlamydia genera

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C. trachomatis
C. psittaci
C. pneumoniae

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Describe trachoma caused by C. trachomatis

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causes nongonococcal urethritis and other disease in humans and mice

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Describe psittacois caused by C. psittaci

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infects humans and many other mammals as well; invades the respiratory and genital tracts, the placenta, developing fetuses, the eye, and synovial fluid of the joints

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Describe effects of C. pneumoniae

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causative agent of human pneumonia and possibly atherosclerosis and heart disease

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Description of Phylum Spirochaetes

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Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, flexibly helical bacteria that exhibit a creeping (crawling) motility due to a structure called and axial filament. Ecologically diverse can be anaerobic, facultatively anaerobic or aerobic.

Some members of Treponema, Borrelia and Leptospira can cause disease.

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What is the causative agent of syphilis?

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caused by T. pallidum

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What is the causative agent of Lyme disease?

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caused by B. burgdorferi

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3 classes of Bacteriodetes Phylum

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Classes Bacteroides, Flavobacteria and Shpingobacteria belong to which Phylum

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Description of Fusobacterium

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Genus of filamentous, anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria similar to Bacteroides. Commonly found in human oropharynx, but should always be treated as a pathogen. Contributing cause to Periodontal disease, Lemierre's syndrome and topical skin ulcers

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Brief description of Proteobacteria

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Largest and most diverse group of bacteria divided into 5 classes. Phylum may have arose from photsynthetic ancestors

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Disease caused b R. ricketsii

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Common name Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

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Disease caused by Coxiella burnetii

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Common name Q fever

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Genus Rickettsia

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These bacteria are rod-shaped, coccoid or pleomorphic, with typical gram-negative walls and no flagella; size varies but tends to be small (.3 - 2.0 um). A member of alphaproteobacteria class

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Genus Coxiella

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These bacteria are rod-shaped, coccoid or pleomorphic, with typical gram-negative walls and no flagella; size varies but tends to be small (.3 - 2.0 um). A member of gammoproteobacteria class.

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Rickettsia Genus

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Parasitic or mutualistic bacteria genus. Enters host by phagocytosis, escape phagosome, and then reproduce in the cytoplasm by binary fission. The host cell eventually bursts releasing new organisms. Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.

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Coxiella Genus

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Parasitic or mutualistic bacteria genus that remains in the phagosome after fusion with a lysosome and reproduces within the resulting phagolysosome. Causes Q fever

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Infections associated with Chlamydia genus

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Causes most common STD and leading cause of blindness worldwide

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Unusual features of Rickettsia metabolism

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Lacks the glycoytic pathway and do not use glucose as an energy source; instead oxidizes glutamate and TCA cycle intermediates

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Description of Rhizobium

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Motile rods that become pleomorphic under adverse conditions. Grow symbiotically within root nodules as nitrogen-fixing bacteriods. Mitochondria my have developed from this genus.

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Description of Neisseria

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nonmotile, aerotolerant anaerobes, G- cocci that often occur in pairs, may have capsules and fimbriae. Chemoorganotrphic, oxidcase-positive, and almost always catalase postive. Inhabitants of the mucous membranes of animals; some are human pathogens and can cause gonorrhoea or bacterial meningitis

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What are the 5 classes of Proteobacteria?

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Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Epsilonproteobacteria