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66 Cards in this Set
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Small Gram negative rods with a single polar flagellum Aerobic Does not ferment lactose Cultures blue green Grape like odor |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Commonly found in water and soil. Intestinal resident of 10% of healthy people |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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What are the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa? |
*Pili that aid in attachment to host cells *Phagocytosis-resistant slime layer that aids in formation of a biofilm *Enzymes that degrade host tissues *Exotoxins *LPS layer - endotoxins |
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What type of patients get the most severe infections with P. aeruginosa |
Burn victims Neoplastic disease Cystic Fibrosis |
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What serious ailments can occur after being infected with P. aeruginosa? |
Endocarditis bronchopneumonia meningitis |
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What are some ailments that an otherwise healthy adult might encounter after being infected with P. aeruginosa? |
Skin rash UTI outer ear infection |
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Small gram negative coccobacillus typically found singly or in pairs - nonmotile |
B. pertussis |
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Aerobic Distinguished by biochemical tests - oxidase positive. Urease, nitrate reductase and citrate negative. DNA test to detect polymerase chain reaction used to identify |
B. pertussis |
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What are the virulence factors of B. pertussis? |
Fimbriaelike adhesion molecules - allows it to recognize and bind to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells
Exotoxins that destroy host cells |
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What are the two stages of whooping cough? |
Catarrhal stage - mucus builds in airways, nasal drainage, congestion, sneezing and occasional coughing.
Paroxysmal stage - persistent coughing, followed by deep inhalations. Characteristic whoop sound |
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How is whooping cough controlled? |
Vaccine
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Who are carriers of whooping cough? |
Teenagers and adults contract, get a mild case that they associate as a cold, and give it to infants who have a harder time fighting it off. |
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Small gram negative rods Motile Does not produce a capsule |
Legionella pneumophila |
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How is Legionella pneumophila identified? |
Difficult to isolate, disease often diagnosed by symptomatology and patient history.
Lab uses DNA and fluorescent antibody staining or urinary and respiratory specimens. |
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What type of selective medium is used to culture Legionella pneumophila? |
Charcoal yeast extract agar |
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What is the habitat of L. pneumophila? |
Freshwater habitats. Human infections traced to tap water, spas, ponds, air conditioners, and misting systems. |
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What is the virulence vactors of L. pneumophila? |
Pili that allow bacteria to bind to respiratory epithelial cells. Grow inside macrophages |
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What diseases are associated with L. pneumophila? |
Legionnaires Disease Pontiac Fever |
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Small motile gram negative rods Ferments lactose Facultative anaerobe Positive results for methyl red, and idole tests Negative for VP and citrate |
E. coli |
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What is the common habitat for E. coli |
Normal resident of the intestinal tract of most warm blooded animals |
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What are the virulence factors of E. coli? |
Capsule LPS endotoxin Fimbriae for attachment to host cells Heat labile and heat stable toxins that stimulate increased secretion and water loss (diarrhea)
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What type of toxin in E. coli leads to hemorrhagic colitis? |
Shiga toxin |
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Small gram negative rods Identified by antibody based tests Biochemical and serological tests must be done to identify |
Salmonella typhi, Salmonella enterica |
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What is the habitat for salmonella? |
Humans are the exclusive hosts for S. typhi, whereas other species of Salmonella are normal intestinal residents of cattle, poultry, rodents, and reptiles |
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What are the virulence factors of Salmonella? |
LPS endotoxin Capsule producing (V antigen) Many strains are antibiotic resistant |
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What causes Typhoid fever? |
S. typhi |
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What causes salmonella food poisoning? |
S. enterica |
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Small nonmotile gram negative rods |
Shigella sonnei, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii |
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How is shigella distinguished from E. coli? |
Motility - Shigella is nonmotile, E. coli is motile |
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What is the normal habitat of shigella? |
Human pathogen, from the five F's (feces, food, fingers, flies and fomites) |
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What is the virulence factors of Shigella? |
Heat labile shiga toxin, which causes injury to nerve cells, the intestine and kidneys |
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Explain the disease/infection with shigella |
Shigella invades the mucosa of the large intestine, with the initial damage being caused by an inflammatory response. As the disease progresses, endotoxins promote fever, while enterotoxins damage the intestinal mucosa and villi, leading to bleeding and heavy mucus secretion |
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Small gram negative encapsulated rod. Stain darker at the end giving them a safety pin look |
Yersinia pestis |
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Where is Y. pestis found? |
In over 200 small rodents, which never get the disease, but serve as a reservoir. Fleas serve as vectors, spreading it from the primary host to amplifying hosts such as rats, squirrels and rabbits |
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What is the virulence factors of Y. pestis? |
Capsular and envelope protein that all it to survive and multiply withing phagocytic cells. Produces coagulase Very small infective dose (3-50 cells) Produces both endotoxin and exotoxin |
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What is the cause of bubonic plague |
Y. pestis |
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A symptom of the bubonic plague is enlarged lymph nodes. What is this called? |
Bubos |
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What is septicemic plague and what causes it? |
Y. pestis massive growth of bacteria in the blood and release of virulence factors leadds to disseminated intravascular coagulation, subcutaneous hemorrage, and necrosis. |
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What is another name for septicemic plague? |
The black death |
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What is a unique characteristic of many isolates of pseudomonas useful in identification is |
fluorescent green pigment |
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Human brucellosis is also known as |
undulant fever |
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F. tularensis has which portal of entry? |
Tick bite intestinal Respiratory |
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A classic symptom of pertussis is |
paroxysmal coughing |
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The severe symptoms of pertussis are due to what effects? |
The destruction of the respiratory epithelium blocked airways |
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E. coli displays which antigens? |
capsular somatic flagellar |
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Which of these is NOT an opportunistic enteric bacterium : Serratia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Shigella |
Shigella |
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Which of the following represents a major difference between Salmonella and Shigella infections: Mode of transmission Likelihood of septicemia the portal of entry presence/absense of fever and diarrhea |
Likelihood of septicemia |
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What are complications of typhoid fever |
Intestinal perforation liver abscesses |
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Shigella is transmitted by |
food flies feces
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The bubo of bubonic plague is an |
enlarged lymph node |
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Haemophilus influenzae is __________ and requires special _______ for growth |
fastidious blood factors |
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Which of the following is not associated with H. infuenzae infections? Fever Flu Stiff neck headache |
Flu |
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Which of the following are primarily zoonoses? Tularemia Salmonellosis Shigellosis Brucellosis Pasteurellosis bubonic plague |
Tularemia Salmonellosis Brucellosis Pasteurellosis Bubonic Plague |
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What disease is Francisella tularensis most associated with? |
Rabbit Fever |
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What disease is Yersinia pestis most associated with? |
Bubonic Plague |
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What disease is E. coli 0157 H7 most associated with? |
Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
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What disease is Shigella species most associated with? |
Dysentery |
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What disease is Salmonella enterica most associated with? |
Enteric fever |
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What disease is Salmonella typhi most associated with? |
Typhoid fever |
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What disease is Pseudomonas aeruginosa most associated with? |
Folliculitis |
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What disease is Bordetella pertussis most associated with? |
Whooping cough |
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What disease is legionella pneumophila most associated with? |
Pontiac Fever |
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What disease is H influenzae aegyptius most associated with? |
Pink Eye |
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What disease is Haemophilus infuenzae most associated with? |
Meningitis |
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What disease is Haemophilus ducreyi most associated with? |
Chancroid |
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What disease is Pasteurella multocida most associated with? |
Local abcess |
