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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What bacteria is strict anaerobe, nonfermentative, requires charcoel, starch, bld or albumin to grow, and is sensitive to dessication?
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Bordatella pertussis
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Describe 3 stages of pertussis
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catarrhal - cold like, peak # of bacteria; paroxysmal - repetitive cough, mucous clearance impaired, vomittin; convalescent - bact # dec, 2ary complications
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What does hemagglutinin and pertactin do and what bacteria produces it?
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B. pertussis, binds galactose on glycolipids expressed on ciliated cells
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What is pathogenesis of pertussis toxin (PTX)?
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adherence by binding cilia and phag; glycosylated GI inhibitory ptn leading to inc mucous production combined w/ impaired cilia -> coughing
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What bacteria produces tracheal toxin and what is pathogenesis?
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B. pertussis, PG fragment destroys cilia and stimulates IL-1
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How is B/ pertussis tmitted?
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resp droplet
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How is B. pertussis detected in lab?
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Bordet-gengou media
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What bacteria is facultative anaerobe, ferments carbs, requires X & V factor to grow?
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Haemophilus infuenza
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What dx's does H. flu cause?
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haEMOPhilus - epiglottitis, meningitis, otitis media, pneuomonia
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Describe 2 virulence factors of H. flu
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pilus, capsule - polyribitol phosphate for adherence, dec ciliary action, phagoctosis
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What does IgA protease produced by h. flu do?
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for colonization
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How is H. flu tmitted?
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direct contact
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How is H. flu detected?
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agglutination w/ Ig, chocolate agar
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What does IgA protease produced by h. flu do?
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for colonization
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How is H. flu tmitted?
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direct contact
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How is H. flu detected?
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agglutination w/ Ig, chocolate agar
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What bacteria is strict aerobe, nonmotile, nonfermenter, does intracell replication in PMN and M0 phagosome, and requires few organisms for dx?
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Brucella
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Describe acute brucellosis
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2 mos after exposure, malaise fatigue, fever, myalgia, weight loss, nonproductive cough
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Describe systemic brucellosis
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persists in phagocyte in GI, spleen and liver, bones, joints, marrow, resp tract
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What Brucella species produces only acute dx?
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B. abortus
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What Brucella sp produces acute dx w/ systemic complications?
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B. melitensis and canis
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What Brucella sp produces chronic dx w/ granulomas?
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B. suis
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How is Brucella tmitted?
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direct contact w/ inf animal, ingest contaminated food, inhalation
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How is Brucella detected?
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chocolate agar, agglutination w/ Brucella Ag, ox and urease +
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What bacteria is strict aerobe, nonmotile, nonfermenter, intracellular replication in PMN and M0 phagosome, requires few organisms for ifn and has LIPID CAPSULE
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Francisella tularensis
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Describe tulamermia
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rabbit, tick, or deer fever; ulceroglandular lesions, abrupt onset of fever chills, sore throat
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How is F. tularensis tmitted?
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direct contact through bite, arthropod tfer, contaminated food, inhalation
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How is F. tularensis detected?
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chocolate and buffered charcoal yeast exract (BCYE)agar, Ag detection and agglutination
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What g- bacteria is facultative anaerobe,nonmotile, commensal of oropharynx, encapsulated, and does gluc/suc fermentation?
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Pasturella
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What are the 3 symtoms of pasturellosis?
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cellulitis, pneumonia, septicemia
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How is Pasturella tmitted?
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animal bite
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On what agar is Pasturella detected?
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blood agar
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What g- bacteria is microaerophile, motile, nonfermenter, encapsulated, and produces toxins not related to dx process?
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Campylobacter jejuni
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What are 2 dx's caused by C. jejuni?
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gastroenteritis (self-limiting) and colitis (chronic)
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How is C. jejuni tmitted?
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fecal-oral
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How is C. jejuni detected in lab?
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motility under scope, CAMP agar, ox and cat +
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What g- bacteria is microaerophile, motile, nonfermenter, easily killed below pH of 4, and rapidly produces urease?
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Helicobacter pylori
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What are 2 dx's caused by H. pylori?
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gastritis and peptic ulcers
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How is H. pylori tmitted?
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fecal-oral
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How is H. pylori detected in lab?
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gastric biopsy, rapid urease +
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What are 4 virulence factor of H. pylori?
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urease that neutralizes gastric acid, flagella, superoxide dismutase, catalase
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What g- bacteria is aerobic, nonmotile diplococci, nonfermenter, with some sp being encapsulated and others having neg-charged capsule-like surface?
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Neisseria
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What are 3 dx's caused by Neisseria?
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gonococcus, opthalmia neonatorum, meningococcus
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How does gonococcus present in males and females?
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males - dyuria and d/c, epididymitis, prostatitis, abscesses; females - dysuria and d/c, salpingitis, PID
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What are 5 virulence factors of Neisseria?
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pilis, opacity porin ptns, IgA protease, lipoligosaccharides, beta-lactamase
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How is Neisseria tmitted?
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sexual contact or resp droplets
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How is neisseria detected?
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gram stain for diplococci, PCR
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What g- bacteria is facultative anaerobe, motile, ferments glucose, reduces nitrate, cat and ox +, vigorous lactose fermenter?
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E. coli
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What g- bacteria is vigorous lactose fermenter?
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E. coli
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What g- bacteria has a lipid capsule?
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F. tularensis
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What g- bacteria is a diplococcus?
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Neisseria
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What gastroenteritis causes infant diarrhea and microvilli destruction?
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enteropathogenic
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What gastroenteritis causes watery infant diarrhea and makes heat labile and stable enterotoxins
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enterotoxigenic
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What type of gastroenteritis dauses mild diarrhea to hem. colitis or hemolytic uremic syndrome, and makes shiga toxin (O157:H7)?
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enterohemorrhagic
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What type of gasroenteritis causes dysentery?
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enteroinvasive
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What type of gastroenteritis causes traveler's/infant diarrhea and has stacked brick colonization?
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enteroaggressive
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What is the virulence factor of E. coli?
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A/E lesions - attachment/efacement - tlocated intimin receptor on host cell surface binds bacterial integrin that is similar to normal cell signal
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How is E. coli detected in lab?
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EMB (detects rapid lac ferm) and Mac (lac ferm)
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What g- bacteria is a motile bacillus and has 2500 sp based on O Ag?
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Salmonella enterica
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What are 2 dx's caused by Salmonella enterica?
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typhoid fever, samonellosis
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Desribe typhoid fever
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S. e. typhi, tmitted by flies, contaminated food, feces, has capsule to protect from stomach acid, causes fever, delerium, and rose spots, 5% recovering pts become carriers
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Describe samonellosis
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S. e. enteritidis or typhimurium, tmitted by fecal-oral, causes fever, nausea, vomittin, diarrhea, cramping
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Describe the virulence factor of S. e. typhimurium
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pathogenicity island SPI-1 - type III secretion system allows invasion into non-phagocytic cells and survive in vacuole inside cell
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Describe how Salmonella invades intestines
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colonizes intestines -> invades mucosa M cells -> inc cAMP -> inc fluid production -> diarrhea
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How is Salmoneela detected?
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+ sulfur reduction, growth on SS and hektoin enteric agar
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What g- bacteria is facultative anaerobe, motile, intracellular replication in host cytoplasm (plasmid-encoded), nonfermenter of lactose and no sulfur reduction?
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Shigells sonnei
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Describe shigellosis
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initially watery diarrhea due to enterotoxin, then cramps and tenesmus
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What bacteria invades M cells causing production of IL-1 for fever, IL-8 for neutrophils and PMN phagocytosis?
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Shigella sonnei
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How is Shigella sonnei tmitted?
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fecal-oral
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How is Shigella sonnei detected in lab?
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hektoin enteric and SS agar, high PMN's in stool
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What g- bacteria is facultative anaerobe, motile, intracellular repl in cytoplasm, ptn capsule, growth at 4 celcius?
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Yersinia
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Describe bubonic plague
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flea tmission, 7 days after exposure sustained high fever, bubo (swollen hemorrhagic LN) is groin/axilla,then septecemia w/ 80% death rate
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Describe pneumonic plague
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flea tmission, 72 hrs after exposure bacteria phag by M0 -> replicate in lungs* -> tissue necrosis -> septic shock (LPS) -> resp failure -> death 2-4 days; fever, chills, myalgia, SOB, hemoptysis*
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What are the 4 virulence factors of Yersinia?
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Yop E - inhibits phag; Yop T - inactivates G ptn; Yop H - phosphotase (blocks signals for bacterial uptake and supresses B cell expression of B7 and T cell exp of cytokines; Yop O - prevents reactivation of G ptns
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What are 2 ways Yersinia is tmitted?
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pestis - vector, infected animal, inhalation; enterolicitca - contaminated foods
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What bacteria are opporunists causing pneumonia, UTI, wound inf, and septecemia?
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Klebsiella pneumo, Serratia, Enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis
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What g- bacteria is curved bacillus, tolerated salinity, assoc w. chitinous shellfish?
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Vibrio
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What Vibrio serotype causes major pandemics?
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O1 - V. cholerae
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How is Vibrio tmitted?
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consumption of contaminated water or food, person-to-person rare b/c 10^8 bacteria needed for inf
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Describe cholera?
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2-3 days after exposure - abrupt watery diarrea and vomitting, rice-water stool, dehydration, acidosis
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What are 4 virulence factors of vibrio?
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cholera toxin - inc secretion of water and electrolytes; pilus - adherence; accessory enterotoxin and zonula occludens toxin - fluid secretion
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How is Vibrio detected?
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blood, Mac, TCBS agar
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