Grade 9 English Exam Review

Front 1

Limerick

Back 1

- A short humorous poem
- Is a 5 line poem with an AABBA rhyming pattern
- Consists of 2 short syllables followed by 1 long one
- Lines 1,2, and 5 are longer with 8-12 syllables
- Lines 3 and 4 are shorter with 4-6 syllables
-Tells a story and has a lesson

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Sonnet

Back 2

- A fourteen-line poem that usually follows a set rhyme scheme and rhythm of either a Shakespearean or Italian sonnet.

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Couplet

Back 3

When the last two lines rhyme.

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Sestest

Back 4

Six lines together (e.g. CDE CDE)

Front 5

Shakespearean Sonnet Rhyming Pattern

Back 5

ABAB CDCD EFEF followed by couplet (GG)

Front 6

Italian Sonnet Rhyming Pattern

Back 6

ABBA ABBA followed by a sestest of CDE CDE (or CDC CDC / CDE DCE)

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Ballads

Back 7

- Always rhyme
- follows ABCB rhyming pattern.
- Catchy (has a beat)
- Tells a story (beginning, middle, end).
- Can have a chorus.
- Often sad

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Stanza

Back 8

- The grouping of lines in a poem to help with the organization of ideas

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Rhythm

Back 9

- The pattern of accented and unaccented words in a poem. The accented words are stressed (-) and the unaccented words are unstressed (~)

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Rhyme

Back 10

- The repetition of the same sound in different words

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Figures of speech

Back 11

- Figurative language that is not meant to be taken literally, it is meant to create a special effect or special meaning for the reader

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Simile

Back 12

- A comparison between two unlike things using like or as

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Metaphor

Back 13

- A direct comparison between two unlike things without using like or as.

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Personification

Back 14

Giving inanimate objects human characteristics

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Hyperbole

Back 15

- An exaggeration to invoke strong feelings or create a strong impression

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Aliteration

Back 16

- The repetition of the constant sound in a series of words

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Onomatopoeia

Back 17

The sound of a word resembles the meaning.

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Oxymoron

Back 18

The combination of two normally contradictory terms

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Allusion

Back 19

Reference to events or characters from history, myth, religion, literature, culture, etc.

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Ode

Back 20

- No specific rhyming patterns.
- Entire poem is talking about one subject
- Very long

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Plot

Back 21

Sequence of events in a novel/ short story.

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The point of view

Back 22

The perspective from which the story is told from.

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1st Person

Back 23

Uses "I" and is a character in the story.

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3rd Person Limited

Back 24

Tells the story from the point of view of one character, limited to what the character actually knows.

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3rd Person omniscient

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Story teller knows all about the characters' thoughts and motivation

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Theme

Back 26

The main idea underlying the plot
- (What message is the story trying to give us)

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Irony

Back 27

Irony is the use of words to mean the opposite of what is said or situation opposite of what is expected.

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Situational Irony

Back 28

The contrast between what is said and what is expected

- i.e. goes to vet for shots but gets put to sleep

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Dramatic Irony

Back 29

The contrast between what the character thinks is true and what is known by the audience to be true

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Verbal Irony

Back 30

Occurs where there is a contrast between what is said and what is meant

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Setting

Back 31

Where and when the story takes place.

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Atmosphere

Back 32

Also called mood; the atmosphere is the totality encompasses the story in which action occurs.

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Conflict

Back 33

The struggle between opposing forces or characters.

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Person VS. Themselves

Back 34

Personal, internal conflict

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Person VS. Person

Back 35

Two characters in either mental or physical opposition

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Person VS. Fate

Back 36

A character challenges his destiny, and usually loses

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Protagonist

Back 37

The central character or hero of the story

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Antagonist

Back 38

The person whom causes all the problems.
- Opposes or competes with the protagonist.

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Foreshadowing

Back 39

Literary technique the author uses to hint at what will happen next.

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Parentheses

Back 40

Used to set off comments or asides in a sentence

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Dash

Back 41

Used to set off words that interrupt the main thought of a sentence