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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the hardest known mineral? (found in pipes)
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diamond
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What is any hollow space in the earth's crust that has formed maturally and is large enough for a person to enter.
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cave
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What are small deposits of igneous and metamorphic crystals?
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gemstones
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What is any trace of a plant or animal left in a rock?
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fossil
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Name for the rarest, most durable and beautiful gems
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precious stones
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What is a rock containing a metal together with impurities?
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an ore
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Name the metal that is a good conductor of electricity; two of its alloys are brass and bronze.
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copper
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the most commonly used practical metal; used for thousands of years to make tools
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iron
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area surrounding a magnet in which the force of the magnet affects other objects
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magnetic field
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The ends of a magnet are called _____.
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poles
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What kind of rock covers over 75% of the earth's surface?
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sedimentary
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magnetic field produced by the earth is called
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magnetosphere
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The hardest material that composes the earth's crust is ____.
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rock
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What kind of rock has been changed by extreme heat or pressure into a new kind of rock?
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metamorphic
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Which kind of rock is formed from sand and mineral fragments that have been pressed together?
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sedimentary
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Which rock is formed when molten rock solidifies?
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igneous
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type of igneous rock formed at the earth's surface, cools rapidly, and has a fine-grained texture
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extrusive
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most common igneous rock and can be found everywhere on land
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granite
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type of igneous rock remains in a pocket bylow the surface, cools slowly, and has a coarse-grained texture
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intrusive
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Which sedimentary rock is formed by chemical sediments and is used for salting roads and flavoring food?
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halite
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sedimentary rock used to make glass
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sandstone
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sedimentaruy rock that is the only stone formed by living animals
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reef limestone
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metamorphic rock that begins as shale, is very hard, and has leaflike layers
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slate
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metamorphic rock that is perhaps one of the most beautiful and most widely used, and began as limestone
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marble
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What is designed to live either in or above a cave?
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troglophile
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The study of caves is _____.
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speleology
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What visits a cave regularly but must return to the surface for food?
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trogloxene
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What is formed by the dissolving of underground rocks by water?
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solution cave
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Excplain how a solution cave is formed. Be able to tell if this physical or chemical weathering and why?
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See text p.
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hard, shiny, black coal
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anthracite
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visits a cave regularly but must return to the surface for food
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trogloxene
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formed by the dissolving of underground rocks by water
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solution cave
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What consists of rounded pebbles in hardened clay or sand?
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conglomerate rock
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most common type of coal
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bitumious
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poorest quality of coal
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lignite
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thick, dark, flammable liquid
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petroleum
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