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138 Cards in this Set
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additive inverse
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A number that when added to a given number results in a sum of zero.
Example: (+3)+(-3)=0 (-3) is the additive inverse of 3 |
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opposites
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Numbers that are the same distance from zero in opposite directions on the number line.
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integers
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The set of whole numbers and their additive inverses.
{...-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3...} |
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rounding
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To approximate the value of a number to a given decimal place.
Examples: 2.56 rounded to the nearest tenth is 2.6; 2.54 rounded to the nearest tenth is 2.5; 365 rounded to the nearest hundred is 400 |
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place value
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The value given to a place a digit may occupy in a numeral.
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benchmark
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A point of reference from which measurements can be made.
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ratio
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A comparison of two numbers.
Example: the ratio of consonants to vowels in the alphabet is 21:5 |
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proportion
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A statement that two ratios are equal.
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fraction
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A number representing some part of a whole. A quotient in the form a/b.
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decimals
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Decimals, like whole numbers, are based on the number ten. The digits and the position of each digit determine the value of a decimal. The decimal point separates the whole number part of the decimal from the part that is less than one.
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percents
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A number expressed in relation to 100, represented by the symbol %.
Example: 76 out of 100 students use computers 76 percent of students use computers |
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least common multiple
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The smallest nonzero whole number that is a multiple of two or more whole numbers.
Example: the least common multiple of 3,9, and 12 is 36 |
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multiple
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The product of a given number and an integer.
Examples: 8 is a multiple of 4 3.6 is a multiple of 1.2 |
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factor
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A number or expression that is multiplied by another to yield a product.
Example: 3 and 11 are factors of 33 |
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numerator
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The top number in a fraction, In the fraction a/b, a is the numerator.
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denominator
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The bottom number in a fraction.
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number line
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A line showing numbers at regular intervals in which any real number can be indicated.
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cross product
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A method used to solve proportions and test whether ratios are equal:
a/b=c/d if ad=bc |
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circle graph
(pie chart) |
A way of displaying statistical data by dividing a circle into proportionally-sized "slices".
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common denominator
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A whole number that is the denominator for all members of a group of fractions.
Example: the fractions 5/8 and 7/8 have a common denominator of 8 |
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least common denominator
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The least common multiple of the denominators of two or more whole numbers.
Example: 12 is the least common denominator of 1/3, 2/4, and 3/6 |
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improper fraction
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A fraction in which the numerator is greater than the denominator.
Example: 21/4, 4/3,2/1 |
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mixed number
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A number composed of a whole number and a fraction.
Example: 5 1/4 |
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simplify fraction
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Taking a fraction to the simplest form; when the GCF of the numerator and denominator is 1.
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products
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The result obtained by multiplying two numbers or variables.
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greatest common factor
(GCF) |
The greatest number that is a factor of two or more multiples.
Example: 30, 60, 75 the greatest common factor is 15 |
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sum
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The result of adding two numbers or quantities.
Example: 6+4=10 10 is the sum of the two addends, 6 and 4 |
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difference
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The result obtained when one number is subtracted from another.
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product
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The result obtained by multiplying two numbers or variables.
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quotient
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The result obtained from dividing one number or variable (the divisor) into another number or variable (the dividend).
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inverse operations
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Operations that undo each other.
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multiplicative inverse
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The number for any given number that will yield 1 when the two are multiplied, same as reciprocal.
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exponent
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A numeral that indicates how many times a number or expression is to be multiplied by itself.
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base
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(1)The side or face on which a three-dimensional shape stands.
(2)The number of characters a number system contains. |
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power
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Represented by the exponent n, to which a number is raised by multiplying itself n times.
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perfect square
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A number that is the square of an integer.
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square root
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A number that when multiplied by itself produces a given number.
For example, 3 is the square root of 9. |
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square
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A rectangle with congruent sides.
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cube
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(n.) A solid figure with six square faces.
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cube
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(v.)To multiply a number by itself again.
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cube root
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The number that must be multiplied by itself and then by itself again to produce a given number.
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rule
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A statement that describes a relationship between numbers or objects.
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prime number
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A whole number greater than 1 whose only factors are 1 and itself.
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composite number
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A number exactly divisible by at least one whole number other than itself and 1.
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place value
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The value given to a place a digit may occupy in a numeral.
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order of operations
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To find the answer to an equation, follow this 4 step process:
1)do all operations with parentheses first; 2)simplify all numbers with exponents; 3)multiply and divide in order from left to right; 4) add and subtract in order from left to right. |
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pattern
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A regular, repeating design or sequence of shapes or numbers.
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degree
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[1](algebraic) the exponent of a single variable in a simple algebraic term;
[2](algebraic) the sum of the exponents of all the variables in a more complex algebraic term; [3](algebraic) the highest degree of any term in an equation; [4](geometric) a unit of measurement of an angle or arc, represented by symbol |
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vertex
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The common point of two rays of an angle, two sides of a polygon, or three or more faces of a polyhedron.
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acute angle
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Any angle that measures less than 90°.
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obtuse angle
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Any angle that measures more than 90° but less than 180°.
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right angle
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An angle that measures 90°.
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complementary angles
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Two angles whose sum is 90°.
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supplementary angles
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Two angles whose sum is 180°.
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metric system
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A decimal system of weights and measurements based on the meter as its units of length, the kilogram as its unit of mass and the liter as its unit of capacity.
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meter
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The basic metric unit of length.
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liter
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A basic metric unit of capacity.
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gram
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A metric unit used to measure mass.
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customary system
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Units of measurement used in the United States to measure length in inches, feet, yards, and miles; capacity in cups, pints, quarts and gallons; weight in ounces, pounds, and tons; and temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
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height
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The distance from the base to the top of the figure.
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altitude
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The perpendicular distance from the base of a shape to the vertex; altitude indicates the height of a shape.
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pi
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The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. It approximately equal to 3.14.
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radius
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A line segment from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
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diameter
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A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and divides it in half.
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circle
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A perfectly round shape with all points equidistant from a fixed point, or center.
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polygon
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A simple, closed plane figure, having three or more line segments as sides.
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triangle
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A polygon that has three sides.
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quadrilateral
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A polygon that has four sides.
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pentagon
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A polygon that has five sides.
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hexagon
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A polygon that has six sides.
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heptagon
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A polygon that has seven sides.
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octagon
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A polygon that has eight sides.
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nonagon
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A polygon that has nine sides.
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decagon
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A plane polygon with ten angles and ten sides.
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parallel
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Straight lines or planes that remain a constant distance from each other and never intersect.
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perpendicular
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Two lines or planes that intersect to form a right angle.
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reflection
(flip) |
To "turn over" a shape.
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translation
(slide) |
A transformation in which a geometric figure is slid to another position without rotation or reflection.
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rotation
(turn) |
A transformation in which a figure is turned a certain number of degrees around a fixed point or line.
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x-axis
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The horizontal reference line in the coordinate graph.
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y-axis
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The vertical reference line in the coordinate graph.
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quandrant
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[1]One quarter of the circumference of a circle;
[2]On a coordinate graph, one of the four regions created by the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis. |
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area
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The size of a surface, usually expressed in square units.
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perimeter
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The distance around the outside of a closed figure.
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radius
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A line segment from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
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diameter
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A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and divides it in half.
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circle
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A perfectly round shape with all points equidistant form a fixed point, or center.
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vertex
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The common point of two rays of an angle, two sudes if a polygon, or three or more faces of a polyhedron.
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outcome
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A possible result in a probablilty experiment.
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probability
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The study of likelihood or chance that describes the chances of an event occurring.
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tree diagrams
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A connected, branching graph used to diagram probablilties or factors.
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theoretical probability
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The ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the total number of possible outcomes.
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random sampling
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A population sample chosen so that each member has the same probability of being selected.
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like terms
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Terms that include the same variables raised to the same powers; like terms can be combined.
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rule
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A statement that describes a relationship between numbers or objects.
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multiplicative inverse
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The number for any given number that will yield 1 when the two are multiplied; same as reciprocal.
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additive inverse
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A number that when added to a given number results in a sum of zero.
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parentheses
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The enclosing symbols (), which indicate that the terms within are a unit.
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variable
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A letter or other symbol that represents a number or set of numbers in an expression or an equation.
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equivalent expressions
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Expressions that always result in the same number, or have the same mathematical meaning for all replacement values of their variables.
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equivalent ratios
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Ratios that are equal.
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protractor
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Used to measure angles.
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distributive property
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This property states that multiplying a sum b a number is the same as multiplying each addend by that number and then adding the two products.
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negation
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Something considered the opposite of something positive.
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equal
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Of the same measure, quantity,amount, or number as another; identical in value.
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factor tree
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Used to find the prime factorization of a number.
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divisibility rules
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A whole number is divisible by:
2 if the ones digit is divisible by 2 3 if the sum of the digits is divisible is divisible by 3 5 if the ones digit is 0 or 5 10 if the ones digit is 0 |
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standard form
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Numbers written without exponents.
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meter
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Basic unit of length in the metric system; width of a doorway; 1m approximate to 1.1 yard.
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centimeter
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2.5cm approximate to 1 inch;
half the width of a penny |
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kilometer
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6.2km approximate to 1 mile; 6 city blocks
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inch
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width of a quarter
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foot
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equal to 12 inches; length of a large adult foot
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yard
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equal to 3 feet; length from nose to fingertip
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mile
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equal to 1,760 yards; 10 city blocks
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fluid ounce
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2 tablespoons of water
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cup
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8 fluid ounces;
coffee cup |
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pint
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2 cups
small ice cream container |
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quart
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2 pints;
large measuring sup |
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gallon
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4 quarts;
large plastic jug of milk |
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transversal
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The line that intersects a pair of parallel lines.
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favorable outcomes
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The specific outcome the player is looking for is an event or favorable outcome.
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sample space
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Set of all possible outcomes.
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biased sample
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Group whose inclination is marked with strong prejudice.
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term
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When a plus sign or minus sign separates an algebraic expression into parts, each part is called a term.
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multiplicative identity
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The product of any number and 1 is the number.
Example: 7x1=7 1xn=n |
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additive identity
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The sum of any number and 0 is the number.
Examples: 5+0=5 a+0=a |
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kilogram
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1 kg is approximate to 2 lb;
six medium apples |
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square units
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Number of squares that would cover a surface.
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pre-image
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An figure before it is transformed.
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image
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A figure in a coordinate plane that is produced from a transformation.
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1st Quadrant
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positive, positive
(+,+) |
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2nd Quadrant
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negative, positive
(-,+) |
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3rd Quadrant
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negative, negative
(-,-) |
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4th Quadrant
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positive, negative
(+,-) |
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like denominators
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Fractions having the denominator as the same number.
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unlike denominators
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Fractions that have different denominators.
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Fundamental Counting Principle
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Rule to determine possible outcomes when you multiply the number of possibilities in each group together.
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