Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Scalar Quantity |
A measurement that has magnitude only |
|
|
Vector Quantity |
A quantity that has magnitude and direction only. |
|
|
Distance |
The total path length travelled |
|
|
Displacement |
Change in position |
|
|
How do you get a v-t graph from an x-t graph |
Calculate the slope of the x-t graph, which is the velocity of the object. |
|
|
What does the area of a v-t graph give you? |
Displacement |
|
|
What does the slope of a v-t graph give you? |
The acceleration. |
|
|
What does the area of an a-t graph give you? |
Change in velocity |
|
|
What assumptions are you making for kinematic equations? |
Acceleration is constant. |
|
|
When dealing with vectors it is important to... |
Set which direction is positive and which is negative. Make sure to state the directions in the final answer if required. |
|
|
For a projectile pathway, what is the vertical velocity at the maximum height? |
Zero |
|
|
For a projectile pathway, what is the acceleration at the top? |
9.8 m/s^2 |
|
|
What is a projectile? |
An object travelling through air(falling), without wings, or motor, or engine, etc. |
|
|
What's instantaneous velocity vs average velocity? |
Instantaneous velocity is velocity at one point. Average velocity is velocity between two points. |
|
|
What is Newton's First Law of Motion? |
Objects in motion tend to stay in motion and objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force. |
|
|
What is Newton's Second Law of Motion? |
A sum of forces causes a mass to accelerate. |
|
|
What is Newton's Third Law? |
Every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force. |
|
|
Is it true that the normal force and weight of an object are equal because of Newton's Third Law? |
No because the normal force and force of gravity are not the same type of force. Also, normal force and weight are not always equal to each other. |
|
|
What are the forces that exist universally? Describe each. |
Gravity, electromagnetic forces, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear forcd and "dark" energy. Gravity is a force that only attracts. Electromagnetic forces can attract or repel. Strong and weak nuclear forces are special types of electromagnetic forces and are not really discussed anymore. Dark energy is a mystery to us, and is the majority of the universe's energy. |
|
|
What are the forces that exist locally? Describe them. |
Gravity Normal Force (perpendicular to surface, PUSH) Tension(PULLING, rope, string, thread, etc. Friction: Rubbing force between two surfaces. |
|
|
Mass |
Amount of matter in an object. Always stays constant. |
|
|
Weight |
The force of gravity acting on an object. It can change depending on the gravitational acceleration constant of your location. |
|
|
What are the two things that friction is dependent on? |
The quality of the surfaces and the normal force. |
|
|
Define the two types of friction |
Static Friction:Friction before an object starts moving. Kinetic friction is the force of friction once the object starts moving. Kinetic friction is usually less than static friction. |
|
|
What are the features of the coefficient of friction? |
It is unitless and depends on the quality of the 2 surfaces. It is also between 0 and 1. |
|
|
What happens when an elevator accelerates up? |
You feel heavier. |
|
|
What happens when an elevator accelerates down? |
You feel lighter. |
|
|
What happens when an elevator is going at a constant speed? |
Your true weight is equal to your apparant weight. |
|
|
What does a weight scale measure? |
Normal Force |
|
|
True or false: All objects with mass exert gravity. |
True |
|
|
What are two ways to look at gravity? |
On the surface of a planet/moon. Also, alway from the surface of a planet/moon when g is not constant. |
|
|
What are the 3 names for gravity? |
Gravitation acceleration constant. Gravitational field strength. Gravitational field intensity. |
|
|
Energy |
The ability to do work |
|
|
Work |
Energy transferred into or out of an object |
|
|
Nuclear Energy |
Potential; Energy inside atom's nucleus. |
|
|
Thermal Energy |
Kinetic; Energy due to particle motion |
|
|
Light |
Kinetic; disturbance in the electromagnetic field. |
|
|
Gravitational potential energy |
Potential; energy due to a difference in height |
|
|
Kinetic Energy |
Energy posessed by objects in motion |
|
|
Electricity |
Potential or Kinetic; Energy due to charges attracting or repelling. |
|
|
Chemical Energy |
Potential; Energy due to change in compounds. |
|
|
Sound Energy |
Kinetic; Vibration of particles that travel in waves. |
|
|
Elastic Energy |
Potential; energy due to compression or stretching |
|
|
Force |
A push or a pull |
|
|
State the Law of Conservation of Energy. Is it always true? |
Energy can not be created or destroyed, but can only be transformed from one form to another. This is not true during a nuclear reaction. |
|
|
How much work is done on an object where the force is perpendicular to the direction of motion? |
0 Joules |
|
|
How much work is done on an object that moves without a force applied to it? |
0 Joules |
|
|
How much work is done on an object that has force applied to it, but does not move? |
0 Joules |
|
|
What happens to work when the force and distance are in opposite directions? |
Work is negative; energy is transferred out of an object. |
|
|
What happens to work when the force and distance are in the same direction? |
Work is positive. |
|
|
How do you calculate work when the force is not parallel to the distance, but an angle? |
W=Fdcos(thetha) |
|
|
What is Power? |
The rate of doing work. Power=work/time |
|
|
What is percent efficiency? |
The amount of useful energy in an energy transformation, expressed as a percentage. |
|
|
What is thermal energy? |
Molecular kinetic energy |
|
|
Heat |
Amount of thermal energy transferred into or out of an object |
|
|
Temperature |
Related to the average kinetic energy of molecules |
|
|
What are the three types of particle motion? |
Translation, Vibration, Rotation |
|
|
What is Specific Heat Capacity? |
Amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature by 1°C for that substance. |
|
|
What is the relationship between power and work? |
Power decreases when work decreases. |
|
|
Sensible Heat |
The transfer of thermal E that leads to a change in temperature |
|
|
Latent Heat |
The transfer of thermal energy due to changes of state. |
|
|
What are the 3 ways to transfer thermal Energy? |
Conduction: Transfer of thermal energy through vibrations Convection: Transfer of thermal energy by translation Radiation: Transfer of thermal energy as electromagnetic waves |
|
|
What is a nuclear reaction? |
It involves changes in the nuclei of atoms, sometimes resulting in completely new elements. |
|
|
Fission |
When a large nucleus splits apart |
|
|
Fusion |
When two smaller nuclei combine to make one nucleus |
|
|
What is an isotope? |
An isotope has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. |
|
|
Radioactive Decay |
Process by which a radioactive atom's nucleus breaks apart and forms different atoms. |
|
|
What is half life? |
The amount of time it takes for 1/2 of the mass to have decayed for a substance. |
|
|
Alpha Particle |
A helium nucleus. It can be stopped by paper. |
|
|
Beta Particle |
It is a high energy electron. It can be stopped by clothing. |
|
|
Gamma Rays |
They are the most dangerous. They are a form of light with a very high frequency. It can be stopped by lead. |
|
|
What is a transverse wave? |
A wave where particles move perpendicular to the direction of the wave |
|
|
What is a longitudinal wave? |
A wave where particles move parallel to the direction of the wave |
|
|
What is amplitude? |
The maximum displacement from equilibrium. |
|
|
What is wavelength? |
Distance from one point on the wave to the next corresponding point. |
|
|
Period |
Amount of time for 1 full cycle (seconds) |
|
|
Frequency |
# of cycles/time (Hertz) |
|
|
Frequency affects... |
Pitch |
|
|
Amplitude affects... |
Loudness/Volume |
|
|
What is the principle of superposition? |
When waves overlap the amplitudes add together to form one wave. |
|
|
Standing Waves |
Wave interference pattern that looks like it is not moving |
|
|
Resonance |
Small input oscillation causing large amplitude output. It happens when the input frequency matches the natural frequency of the oscillator. |
|
|
What is an example of a resonating air column where both ends are open? |
Flute |
|
|
What is an example of a resonating air column with one end closed? |
Trumpet |
|
|
The Doppler Effect is...? |
The change in frequency of a wave for an observer movinf relative to its source. |
|
|
Current |
Flow of positive charge. I=Q/t |
|
|
Charge |
Q=ne |
|
|
Electrical potential (voltage) |
Energy per charge. |
|
|
Resistance |
How much an object opposes electrical flow (current). At a resistor, electrical energy turns to heat. The circuit is losing energy and theres a drop in voltage at a resistor. |
|
|
Whats ohm's Law? |
Voltage drop=IR |
