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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Concave (Converging) Mirrors |
Inner surface of sphere is reflective. |
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Concave Mirror Terminology: C |
Centre of Curvature (or Centre of the Sphere) |
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Concave Mirror Terminology: R
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Radius of Curvature (or Radius of the Sphere) *Not a point on the diagram but technically the same as the centre of curvature* |
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Concave Mirror Terminology: Principal Axis
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Line through C and the Mirror |
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Concave Mirror Terminology: V
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Vertex: Where the principal axis meets the mirror. |
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Concave Mirror Terminology: F |
Focal Point (or Focus): Where the light rays come together (converge). |
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Concave Mirror Terminology: (Curvy F)
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Focal Length: Distance from focal point to vertex. |
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Locating Images on Concave Mirrors Ray 1 Ray 2 Ray 3 Ray4 |
1. Draw one light ray from the top of the object, parallel to the principal axis. This light ray will reflect through the focal point. 2. Draw one light ray from the top of the object through the focal point. This light ray will reflect parallel to the principal axis. 3. Draw one light ray through the centre of curvature. This light will meet the mirror along the normal for that point. As a result, it reflects back on itself. 4. Draw one light ray from the top of the object to the vertex. This light will follow the law of reflection (θi = θr) because the principal axis is normal to the mirror at this point. |
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Applications of Concave Mirrors |
- Used in search lights, flashlights and headlights: produces strong beams of parallel light (light that spreads out slightly). - Used in satellites in order to focus all incoming signals to a specific location. (Opposite of the application listed above) |
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Applications of Convex Mirrors |
Useful as security mirrors in stroes: wide range of view with their smaller virtual image. - Side-view mirrors on vehicles. |
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Convex (diverging) Mirrors |
Outer surface of sphere is reflective. |
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Convex Mirror Terminology: C |
Centre of Curvature (Centre of the Sphere) *Now, it's behind the mirror* |
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Convex Mirror Terminology: R |
Radius of Curvature |
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Convex Mirror Terminology: Principal Axis |
Line through C and Mirror |
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Convex Mirror Terminology: V
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Vertex, where the principal axis meets the mirror. |
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Convex Mirror Terminology: F |
*Virtual Focal Point or Virtual Focus; where the light rays come together (behind the mirror). |
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Convex Mirror Terminology: (Curvy F)
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Focal length; distance from virtual focal point to vertex. |
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Locating Images on Convex Mirrors Ray 1 Ray 2 Ray 3 |
1. Draw one light ray from the top of the object, parallel to the principal axis. This ray will reflect as though it had come through the virtual focal point. 2. Draw one light ray from the top of the object towards the virtual focal point. This light ray will reflect parallel to the principal axis. 3. Draw one light ray towards the centre of curvature. This light ray will meet the mirror along the normal for that point. As a result it reflects back on itself. |
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Mirror Equation |
1 / di + 1 / do = 1 / f di = distance to image do = distance to object f = focal length |
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Magnification Equation |
M = hi / ho = negative di / do M = magnification hi = height of image ho = height of object *M is never negative |
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Refraction |
The bending of light rays when it travels from one medium to another. |
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Why Refraction Happens |
When light enters a more dense medium, it cannont travel as quickly. |
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Rules of Refraction |
1. The incident ray, refracted ray, and normal all lie in the same plane. The incident ray and the refracted ray are on opposite sides of the line that separates the two media. 2. Light bends: Towards the normal when travelling from a faster medium to a slower one (ie. more dense). Away from the normal when travelling from a slower medium to a faster one (ie. less dense). |
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Partial Reflection / Partial Refraction |
Sometimes, when light reachs a boundary, light is both reflected and refracted. -This is why we can see through a window and sse our reflection at night! *However, both images are not as strong. |
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Phenomena Related to Refraction |
Apparent Depth Inferior Mirages Superior Mirages *Check 09 Refraction.pptx* |
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Index of Refraction (n) (Definition, Formula) |
The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium. n = c/v Where n is the index of refraction c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0x10*power of 8*m/s) v is the speed of light in the medium (m/s) |
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Index of Refraction (Cont'd) (Second Formula) |
Index of Refraction is also the ratio of sin of the angle of incidence to the sin of the angle of refraction. n = sin∠i / sin∠R |
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Index of Refraction (Characteristics) |
The index of refraction is an unique value for each medium. There is no unit. It can never be less than one (nothing is faster than light in a vacuum). Higher values represent slower mediums. |
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Total Internal Reflection The critical angle |
The angle of incidence that results in an angle of refraction of 90 degrees. |
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Total Internal Reflection |
The situation when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. |
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Two conditions of Total Internal Reflection |
1. Light is travelling more slowly in the first medium than in the second. 2. The angle of incidence is large enough that no refraction occurs in the second medium. Instead, the ray reflected back into the first medium. |
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Laws of Reflection |
1. Angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection 2. The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal all lie in the same plane. |
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Specular Reflection |
Reflection of light off a smooth surface |
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Diffuse Reflection |
Reflection of light off an irregular or dull surface |
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Dyslexia |
- Many ppl with dyslexic complain about the glar off white papaer: too much reflected light from the paper. |
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S.A.L.T L.O.S.T |
Size of Image Attitude of Image Location of Image Type of Image Location Orientation Size Type |
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Fibre Optics |
Technology that uses light to transmit information along a glass cable: light must not escape as it travels along the cable. -An endoscope |
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RETRO-REFLECTORSS |
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