Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
atom |
smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element |
|
|
element |
a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances |
|
|
compound |
a pure substance that is made up of two or more different elements that have beencombined in a specific way |
|
|
protons |
subatomic particles that have a 1+ (positive) charge |
|
|
neutrons |
subatomic particles that do NOT have an electric charge |
|
|
electrons |
subatomic particles that have a 1− (negative) electric charge |
|
|
nucleus |
composed of protons and neutrons; at the centre of atom |
|
|
atomic number |
the number of protons = the number of electrons |
|
|
nuclear charge |
the electric charge on the nucleus = the number of protons |
|
|
periods |
Rows of elements (across) in the periodic table |
|
|
chemical families or groups |
Columns of elements (down) in the periodic table |
|
|
Bohr diagram |
a model of the atom that describes the arrangement of an element’s subatomic particles: neutrons and protons in the nucleus and electrons in electron shells |
|
|
electron shells |
regular patterns or energy levels around the nucleus |
|
|
valence electrons |
electrons in the outermost shell |
|
|
unpaired electrons |
electrons that exist singly |
|
|
paired electrons |
electrons that exist in pairs |
|
|
lone pair |
A pair of electrons in the valence shell that is not used in bonding |
|
|
ionic bonding |
the bond forms as a result of the attraction between positively charged ions and negatively charged ions |
|
|
covalent bonding |
the bond forms through the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons |
|
|
bonding pair |
The pair of electrons involved in a covalent bond |
|
|
molecule |
a group of atoms in which the atoms are bound together by sharing one or more pairs of electrons |
|
|
diatomic elements |
pairs of electrons are joined by covalent bonds because the two-atom molecules are more stable than the individual atoms |
|
|
Lewis diagrams |
diagram that represents the atom of an element by showing only the outer valence electrons |
|
|
polyatomic ions |
ions composed of more than one type of atom joined together by covalent bonds |
|
|
symbolic equation |
a set of chemical symbols and formulas that identify the reactants and products in a chemical reaction |
|
|
law of conservation of mass |
states that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction; the total mass of the products is always equal to the total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction |
