Grade 10 Biology Unit Test Review

Front 1

What is cell theory?

Back 1

• Cells are the basic building block of life
- All living things are made up of cells
- All cells are made from previous cells

Front 2

substances move through the cell membrane by

Back 2

Diffusion

Front 3

If a microscope has a 10x objective lens in place and a 10x ocular lens, the total magnification of the microscope system under these conditions is _______x’s

Back 3

100x's

Front 4

What are the stages of mitosis?

Back 4

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Front 5

How do children and adult cells compare?

Back 5

• Children are growing organisms and undergo rapid mitosis of cells in the areas of growth whereas adults are mature causing much slower mitosis in their cells in the areas of growth

Front 6

What are tissues?

Back 6

• Tissues are specialized cells grouped together to perform tasks

Front 7

What are the 4 types of animal tissues?

Back 7

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

Front 8

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles? Examples of each.

Back 8

• Voluntary muscles you choose to control, involuntary muscles operate automatically such as the heart.
• Voluntary (moving limbs)
• Involuntary (blood vessels, organs, the heart)

Front 9

What are the 4 types of plant tissue?

Back 9

• Meristematic
• Epidermal
• Ground
• Vascular

Front 10

In what type of plant tissue does photosynthesis occur? _______________

Back 10

Epidermal --> Leaves

Front 11

What is the difference between the xylem and the phloem?

Back 11

• Xylem : Movement of water and minerals from the roots up through the stem to the leaves for photosynthesis (one way only and thicker walls)
• Phloem: Transports sugar produced in photosynthesis form the leaves to other parts of the plants to use as energy (Two-way flow and permeable walls)

Front 12

What is the difference between chromatin, chromosomes (single/double) and chromatids?

Back 12

• Chromatin: Form of DNA during interphase in small thin strands in the nucleus
• Chromosomes: During prophase DNA condenses (thicken) and become visible (Single). Chromosomes pair up to form a double strand joining at the centromere (Double).
• Chromatids: During anaphase the chromosomes detach from the centromere producing daughter chromosomes becoming chromatids

Front 13

How do plants bend towards light?

Back 13

The cells that are on the side of the plant away from the sun undergo rapid mitosis in response to the environment around them

Front 14

What is regeneration?

Back 14

The process whereby a body par is replaced/ regrown/

Front 15

What is the role of White Blood cells VS. Red Blood cells?

Back 15

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen

White blood cells protect the body from bacteria and viruses, and fight infection.

Front 16

Plants are primarily made up of...

Back 16

Ground tissue

Front 17

What are stomata?

Back 17

Tiny openings that allow carbon dioxide, water vapour, and oxygen into or out of the leaf.

Front 18

What is the role of mitochondria?

Back 18

Produce energy for cells to carry out their functions

Front 19

What is cytokinesis?

Back 19

• Occurs at the end of telophase, and involves the division of the cytoplasm, including organelles
• In an animal cell it pinches at the centre (cleavage furrow) and in a plant cell a wall forms between the two halves (cell plate)

Front 20

How can sunlight cause cancer?

Back 20

The ultraviolet radiation from the sun can mutate skin cells creating cancer cells.

Front 21

What are the reactants and products of Cellular respiration?

Back 21

Glucose + Oxygen ---> Water + CO2

(Glucose = C6 H12 O6)

Front 22

What is transpiration and how does it allow for plants to gain water?

Back 22

Transpiration is the evaporation of water through the stomata in the leaves . As each water molecule evaporates, a pull is created which draws more water up the xylem, so the plant is continuously hydrated.

Front 23

What is the relationship between skin and body temperature?

Back 23

- Produces sweat to cool the body upon evaporation
- Blood vessels in the skin give off heat

Front 24

What is the path of inhaled air in the respiratory system?

Back 24

Mouth/ Nose --> Pharynx --> Trachea --> Bronchi --> Bronchioles --> Alveoli --> Capillaries --> Bloodstream

Front 25

What is the path of food through the digestive system?

Back 25

Mouth/ Nose --> Tongue --> Esophagus --> Stomach --> Intestines

Front 26

Describe the chest cavity and diaphragm during breathing.

Back 26

• When you inhale your rib cage rises and your diaphragm contracts and moves downwards, increasing the size of your chest cavity due to lower air pressure rushing air in to the lungs.
• When you exhale your rib cage lowers and your diaphragm relaxes, and moves upwards decreasing the size of your chest cavity due to higher air pressure squeezing air out of the lungs.

Front 27

Describe the path of blood through the heart.

Back 27

Right atrium --> Right ventricle --> Lungs --> Left atrium --> Left ventricle --> Aorta (leads to arteries throughout the body)

Front 28

How does the excretory system work?

Back 28

Nephrons in the kidneys remove waste and form urine which moves to the ureters --> urinary bladder --> urethra

Skin is also part since it excretes water and salt

Front 29

Chemical product in the endocrine system are called...

Back 29

Hormones

Front 30

Which animal system helps fight disease?

Back 30

Lymphatic system

Front 31

What is homeostasis?

Back 31

A steady state amongst our body systems

Front 32

What is peristalsis?

Back 32

The rhythmic constriction and relaxation of smooth muscles that line the esophagus

Front 33

What is the role of the anther?

Back 33

Male sex cell that produces pollen

Front 34

Roots

Back 34

- Anchor/ stabilize the plant
- Collect water from soil and transport to stem
- Store food made in other parts of the plant

Front 35

Leaf

Back 35

- Accomplish photosynthesis
CO2 + Water = Glucose + Oxygen

Front 36

Stem

Back 36

- Transport water and nutrients throughout the plant
- Support the leaves and flowers

Front 37

Flower/ Fruit

Back 37

- Reproductive structure of the plant
- Male organs (STAMENS) has filament with anther which produces pollen
- Female organ (PISTIL) contains the ovary, style, stigma which produces eggs (female sex cell)

Front 38

Epithelial Tissue

Back 38

ANIMAL TISSUE
- Forms protective barrier
- Lines body cavities, and surfaces and forms glands

Front 39

Connective Tissue

Back 39

ANIMAL TISSUE
- Used to join other tissues together
-Tendons: Muscle to bone
-Ligments: bones to bones
-Cartilage
-Blood

Front 40

Muscle Tissue

Back 40

ANIMAL TISSUE
- Allows for movement
Skeletal -- Moving Limbs
Smooth -- Blood Vessels and organs
Cardia -- The heart

Front 41

Nervous Tissue

Back 41

Animal Tissue
- Create impulses
- Receive messages from outside the body

Front 42

Meristematic Tissue

Back 42

- Unspecialized cells
- Found in growing parts (responsible for growing new parts of the plant)

Front 43

Epidermal Tissue

Back 43

PLANT TISSUE
- Forms a protective outer coating
- Tiny openings called stomata (underside of the leaf)

Front 44

Ground Tissue

Back 44

PLANT TISSUE
- Makes up majority of the cell
Stem -- provides strength and support
Roots -- Stores food and water
Leaves -- where photosynthesis occurs called mesophyll

Front 45

Vascular Tissue

Back 45

PLANT TISSUE
Transports water and nutrients up up and down the plant
- Xylem (water and minerals one way + thick walls)
- Phloem ( Sugar and nutrients two ways + permeable walls)