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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lobes of brain
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parietal - sensory
frontal - higher thinking temporal - audio occipital - visual |
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nerve cells are ____ at birth
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abundant
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age 3-10 neurons are
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balanced, repetitive experiences for reinforcement is needed
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age 10+ neurons are
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eliminated
pruning, shelping off of unused synapses energy saving mechanism (use only what is needed) |
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age 2- 10 the brain is the most ___ in life
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active
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after puberty, neurons _____ ____, and are biologically _____ for learning
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slow down
primed |
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what else can cause pruning?
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negative experiences
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key findings of development (3)
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**interplay ( nature and nuture)
benefit from experience **first years offer the best opportunities |
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brain is affected by ______ conditions, and this can impact direction and wiring
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environmental
Stimulation and care received effects how circuitry is connected |
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_____ _____and ____ has a decisive and long lasting impact on how people develop, their ability tolearn and their capacity to regulate emotions
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early care/ quality of INTERACTION
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______ experiences or _____ of appropriate stimultion are more likely to have serious and sustained effects
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negative experiences
EARLY INTERVENTION can help |
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stimulated neural pathway ____ and ____ a chemical signal, if repeated, a threshold is reached and pathway is ____ ____ ______
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receive and store, exempt from elimination
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brain selectively eliminates ______
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synapses
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early care and nurture - attachment
suppostion - children learn best in the context of ? |
important relationships
loving/caring environment - protects and helps child become immune from stress - cortisol empathetic and able to regulate emotions |
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at risk for impairment children are significantly impacted by the timing of ?
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intervention
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brain is able to compensate for deficits with early intervention due to ?
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plasticity
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What can even amerliorate some conditions (Autism and mental retardation)
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early intervention
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negative items that impact the brain
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trauma, neglect
maternal depression substance abuse institutionalization poverty |
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babies learn through ?
kids learn through ? |
play
direct sensory encounters with the world |
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Joint attention - 2 types
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We initiate it (we have the object)
The child initiates it - needs to learn how to gain someone's attention |
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perlocution
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birth - 8 months
concerned with how listeners interpret (listeners do the interpreting of the baby) |
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illocution and 2 types
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8-12 months
intention expressed by speakers protodeclarative - gestures to call attention to - show me protoimperative - gestures, control or manipulate, I WANT that |
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locution
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meaningful words combined with gestures
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role models?
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parents - toddlers imitate EVERYTHING
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very young children do not know the difference between a ____object and a _____ of an object.
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real, picture
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different types of ___ are needed at different levels
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play
example: at 5 years, children can learn rule based games (board games) |
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recommendations to families
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one ore more 'play' strategies
summarize the results next steps identify action items |
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Play at 2 years
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stacks blocks
finds objects when hidden shows defiant behaviors make believe play pulls toys behind her runs stands on tiptoes stairs scribbles simple instructions simple body parts emerging hand preference |
