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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Biology combines what 2 main forms of scientific expploration
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Discovery science
Hypothesis-based science |
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Which type of biology is mostly about describing nuture
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Discovery science
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Which type of biology is mostly about explaining nature
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Hypothesis-based science
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The scientific study of life
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Biology
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"Science" comes from what latin word
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To know
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The use of the senses like vision or hearing
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Observation
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Recorded observations
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Data
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Observations that can be recorded as measurements
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Quantitative
Scientists all use the metric system to measure |
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Data recorded as a description rather than a measurement
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Qualitative
Describes the quality like color or behavior |
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Name one important example of something observed by accident
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Alexander Fleming
Discovered penicillin from mold in 1928 Grew bacteria and saw it did not grow near mold |
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A logical conclusion based on observations
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Inference
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When there are many specific observations together you can make a general conclusion called
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Generalization
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When was the first cell discovered
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In 1600s in oak bark
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All living things are make of cells
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Cell theory
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Steps of the scientific method
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Observe
Question Hypothesis Prediction Test |
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Suggested answer to a scientific question
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Hypothesis
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A condition that can differ within the experiment
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Variable
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An experiment that tests the effect of a single variable
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Controlled experiment
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How can scientists deal with unwanted variables
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Make a control group and an experimental group
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Collected body of data from observations and experiments
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Evidence
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Well tested explantation that makes sense of a variety of scientific observations
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Theory
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Physical, mental or mathematical representations of how people understand a process or idea
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Model
Like a diagram of blood flow through the heart |
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Goal of science
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Understand nature through careful observation and testing of hypotheses
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Goal of technology
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Apply scientific understanding for some specific purpose
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Which is an example of qualitative data
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Water freezes at 32 degrees
The girl is 5 feet tall The fish swam in a zigzag way |
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What is a hypothesis?
a. prediction b. collection of data c. possible explanation that can be tested d. controlled experiment |
Possible explanation that can be tested
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A factor that can change in an experiment
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Variable
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Example of a use of technology
a. searching for cancer causes b. understanding muscle use c. using artificial skin for burns |
Artifical skin for burns
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Whan an animal does as it interacts with its environment
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Animal behavior
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An explanation in terms of a organisms immediate interaction with the environment
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Immediate cause
(answers a "how" question like how does a bird find the nest) |
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An explanation based on the organisms evolutionary adaptations
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Ultimate cause
(answers a "why" question about why a behavior is developed) |
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A behavior that is performed correctly by all members of a species, even if they have no previous experience
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Innate behavior
Born knowing how to do something |
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Innate behavior that occurs as an unchangeable sequence of actions
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Fixed action pattern
(Like goose that pushes at the air to move an egg even when egg is removed) |
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Daily innate rhythm with a cycle of about 24 hours
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Circadian
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What controls an organisms circadian rhythm
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Internal biological clock
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A change in an animals behavior resulting from experience
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Learning
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When an animal learns NOT to respond to a repeated stimulus
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Habituation
(Hearing a clock tick - your senses hear it but you stop listening because there is nothing to gain) |
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Learning that is limited to a specific time period in an animals life that is irreversible
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Imprinting
(Baby goslings who follow the mother goose) |
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When a particular stimulus or response is linked to a reward or punishment
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Conditioning
(A cat comes to the sound of a bag of treats) |
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A meaningless stimulus is associated with a reward or punishment
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Classic conditioning
(Dog associates the ringing of a bell with food and so salivates when a bell rings, even without food) |
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Trial and error learning that occurs when an animal learns to associate an act with a positive or negative response
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Operant conditioning
An animal avoids touching something that will cause it harm |
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Ability to respond appropriately to a new situation without previous experience
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Insight
Ability to analyze a problem and think of possible solution |
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Interactins between 2 or more of the same species
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Social behaviors
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Physical struggles or threatening behaviors
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Aggressive behaviors that test strength
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Aggressive behaviors within a group of animals that results in a ranking of individuals
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Dominance hierarchy
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An area that individuals defend and others are excluded
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Territory
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Elaborate behaviors before mating
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Courtship ritual
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Signals among animals that include sounds, odors, visual displays, touches
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Communication
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What is an example of a species with a very complex complex social system
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Honeybees
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Individuals work together in a way that is benficial to the group
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Cooperation
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What is an example of animal cooperation
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A pack of wolves work together to capture larger animals
Musk oxen form a ring around young oxen to protect them |
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What is the immediate cause of a fixed action pattern?
a. the task a stimulus and response c. imprinting |
Stimulus and response
A fixed action pattern happens when a stimulus occurs and the action doesn't stop until it is completed |
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How are flying squirrels who were kept in complete darkness able to keep rhythms of activity?
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They maintain ability to keep activity rhythms in darkness or light because of internal clock - CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
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Your brain ignores the constant sensation of touch from your clothes because of:
a. imprinting b. habituation c. fixed action pattern d. operant conditioning |
Habituation
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Small fish swimming together can protect them because they look like one big fish. This is an example of
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Cooperation
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