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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Federalism
political system in which power is divided and shared between the national/central government and the states (regional units) in order to limit the power of both.
Unitary
local and regional govt. derive all authority from a strong natl. gov.
Confederate
national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states
tenth amendment
protects the states
Reserved powers
reserved to the state by tenth amendment- states right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens
concurrent powers
shared by national and state governments
Denied powers
Art. 1 Sec. 9- powers denied to the central govt.

Art. 1 Sec. 10: powers denied to the states
bill of attainder
a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial
ex post facto law
makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was commited
full faith and credit clause
Art. 4- ensures judicial decrees made will transfer from state to state
privileges and immunities clause
Art. 4- guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states
extradition clause
art. 4: states must extradite or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are going to stand trial
interstate compacts
contracts between states that carry the force of lay; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns
11th amendment
right of a sovereign not to be sued in court without its permission

**Chisholm v. Georgia**
McCulloch v. Maryland
the supreme court upheld the power of the national gov. and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank using the supremacy clause. The court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding federal powers
Marshall Court
nationalism
Taney Court
Dual Federalism
Gibbons v. Ogden
the supreme court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerct. the Court's broad interpretation of the constitutions commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers
-Could New York grant a monopoly on the Hudson River?
Secession
the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity
Nullification
declaration by a state that a federal law is void within its borders because the state deems it unconstitutional
Dual Federalism
belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of govt. it the best arrangement
Dred Scott v. Stanford
Taney Court held that Scott was not a U.S. citizen so he could not sue. Scott remained a slave and congress now has no power to abolish slavery in the territories and slaves are private property
13th amendment
Abolish Slavery
14th amendment
citizenship to former slaves and equal right and protection of laws
15th amendment
extended right to vote regardless of race or national origin
16th amendment
congress can enact a national income tax
17th amendment
senators now directly elected by the people
New Deal
FDR in 1933 to bring the US out of the Great Depression- "Relief, Recovery, Reform"
-Increased the size, scope, power and spending of the federal govt.
-He wanted to make supreme court from 9 to 14
Constitutional Revolution of 1937
-Court abandons dual federalism (layer cake)
-from 1937 forward we have the modern period of federalism (swirl cake)
Modern/Cooperative Federalism
intertwined relationship between the national, state, and local govts. that began with the New Deal
- allows for more powerful nat'l gov't
Federal Grants
money appropriated by Congress to be distributed to state or local governments ($ from income tax)
- Categorical grants (for specific purposes or programs)
Federal Mandates
states have to comply
-unfunded mandates provide no money to meet the cost of complying with the law
New Federalism
federal and state relationship proposed by Reagan during the 80s;; returns administrative powers to the state governments
Block grant
a large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines
Preemption
allows the national gov. to override state or local actions in certain areas
-based on supremacy clause
-uniformity over flexibility