Govt 2 Exam 2 Review

Front 1

capitalism

Back 1

economic system of free enterprise with private owners own means of production

Front 2

mixed enterprise system

Back 2

economic system in which both private industry and gov't play important roles

Front 3

laissez faire

Back 3

philosophy that government should intervene as little as possible. hands off.

Front 4

monetary policy

Back 4

government regulation of economy through its control over the supply of money and cost of availability of credit

Front 5

supply side economics

Back 5

economic philosophy that advocates both tax and budget cuts to increase incentives to produce in order to expand the total supply of the nations goods and services

Front 6

discount rate

Back 6

affects intrest rates in the economy. if rate is lowered banks can borrow money from the fed and more money to lend to customers

Front 7

deficit

Back 7

fap between governments income and outlays

Front 8

tariff

Back 8

federal tax on imports

Front 9

john maynard keys

Back 9

economics, fiscal policy

Front 10

milton friedman

Back 10

monetary policy

Front 11

adam smith

Back 11

scottish economist, wealth of nations

Front 12

general accounting office

Back 12

services an important watchdog into waste and fraud in bureaucracy and conducts investigations at the request of congressional committees

Front 13

federal reserve system

Back 13

established in 1913. contracts the money supply according to the economy needs, controlling the flow of money and credit within the USA

Front 14

officials and institutions available to aid the prez. in making economic policy

Back 14

council of economic advisors, national economic council, office of management and budget, secretary of treasury, department of labor, economists/experts

Front 15

which of the two major political parties favor a larger role for gov'ts in regulating the welfare of the indvidual and society?

Back 15

democrat

Front 16

economic theory end of 19th century until 1937

Back 16

lassez-faire

Front 17

how did the gov't end lassez faire

Back 17

rising tide of populism created public demands and federal regulation laws regulating industry

Front 18

monopoly

Back 18

control of a market by a single company

Front 19

oligopoly

Back 19

concentraion of economic power in the hands of a few large corporations

Front 20

conglomorate

Back 20

large multintrest coporations under one roof

Front 21

social security

Back 21

compulsory national insurance program financed by taxes on employers and employees. insurance falls into 4 catagories: old age and survivors, disability, medicare and unemployment

Front 22

entitlement program

Back 22

programs mandated by law and not subjected to annual review by congress or the president

Front 23

micheal harrington

Back 23

author of: the other america. federal antipoverty program resulted from publication.

Front 24

what does glasnost and prestrokia mean? which political leader are these policies associated with?

Back 24

change, reconstruction of soviet society.

mikhail gorbacheav

Front 25

isolationist

Back 25

policy of avoiding forgeign involvment

Front 26

interventionist

Back 26

military involvment

Front 27

internationalist

Back 27

policy that america must take active leadership in foreign affairs

Front 28

monroe doctrine

Back 28

monroe declaration warned european powers to keep out of the weastern hemisphere with a pledge that the US would not intervene with europe

Front 29

marshall plan

Back 29

secratary of state george c. marshall to provide billions of dollars of american aid to weatern eurpoe to speed economical and socially after ww2

Front 30

truman doctrine

Back 30

hary s truman doctrine declaring that American security and world peace depended on the protection by the us

Front 31

containment

Back 31

foreign policy of the US during the period after ww2 designed to contain the expansion of soviet power

Front 32

national security council

Back 32

advice and help prez help and coordinate US and foreign policy

Front 33

cia

Back 33

central intelligance agency

Front 34

george kennan, foreign policy he advocated

Back 34

sr american diplomat, later ambassador to moscow.

us policy toward the soviet union

Front 35

henry kissinger policy he made

Back 35

nixons advisor for national security

Front 36

branch of gov't that dominates conduct of forgein policy

Back 36

congress

Front 37

constitutional powers of congress in the area of foreign policy

Back 37

declare war, raise and support armies, appropriate war money for defense.

senate: approve or disaporve treaties and ambassador nominations by the prez

Front 38

countries that are premanent members of the un security councial. passes a veto over the un policies

Back 38

us, russia, britian, france, china

germany and japan... 15 in total

Front 39

define SDI and which president embraced it as a tool with foreign policy

Back 39

secrity defense initiative

truman

Front 40

natural law

Back 40

belief that all people possess certain basic rights that may not be abridge by gov't

Front 41

common law

Back 41

cumulative body of judicial decision, custom and precdent rather than law created by stature

Front 42

statutory law

Back 42

lae enacted by congress or by stat legiatiers or local legislative bodies

Front 43

earl warren court catogorized as an activist court

Back 43

innovative tribunal that brought far reaching change in the meaning of th constitution

Front 44

how federal judges are elected

Back 44

selecteed by senate patraonage system

Front 45

how state judges are elected

Back 45

elected or appointed

Front 46

judicial restraint

Back 46

supreme court should avoid constitutional questions whenever possible and uphold acts of congress unless they cleary violate a specific section of the constution

Front 47

judicial activism

Back 47

supreme court rest and other judges apply the constitution to social and political questions

Front 48

which institution determines the size of the supreme court

Back 48

congress

Front 49

# out of 10 million court cases that reach the supreme court

Back 49

7,000

Front 50

federal courts that are considered as federal trial courts

Back 50

disctrict courts

Front 51

head of the justice department

Back 51

attourney general

Front 52

historical background of texas economy

Back 52

based on natural reasources (land, water, oil)

Front 53

estimated texas rev for 04-05

Back 53

118,666,9 billion

Front 54

what are non tax sources

Back 54

federal grants, borrowing, user fee

Front 55

where does texas revenue money come from

Back 55

taxes, federal grants, fees and fines, penalties, interests, investments, land leases, lottery, lawsuits ect

Front 56

progressive tax

Back 56

tax rate that increases in rate with the wealth of the paying the tax

Front 57

regressive tax

Back 57

flat rate tax that is not based on ablility to pay. the poorer the payer the larger percent of income goes into tax

Front 58

inherintance tax

Back 58

collected at the time of beneficiaries in inherit estates

Front 59

property tax

Back 59

collected on real properties (land and buildings)

Front 60

general sales tax

Back 60

collected on most goods and services, paid by consumers only

Front 61

exise tax

Back 61

included in the price (ex: sin tax and gas)

Front 62

corporate franchise tax

Back 62

assesed against corporations as the price of doing buisness in the state

Front 63

severance tax

Back 63

levied on natural reasources

Front 64

states tax collector

Back 64

comptroller

Front 65

two agencies that help form budget board

Back 65

LBB and gov

Front 66

largest spending in tx

Back 66

education

Front 67

2nd largest spending

Back 67

health and human servies

Front 68

significance of oil and gas to tx's economy

Back 68

texas once depended on gas and oil to fueled the encomony, but not anymore

Front 69

key to creating a prosperous future in texas 21st century (according to reich)

Back 69

the higher % in the class three jobs, the better off the country will be. education is the key

Front 70

1994 texas passed which state in population

Back 70

new york

Front 71

method of judicial selection in texas

Back 71

periodically radified by voters in partisan elections

Front 72

resposiblities of justice of peace in texas

Back 72

minstimeanor crimian cases when potential punishment is only a fine. can act as judges

Front 73

six methods in selecting judges in the US

Back 73

1 partisan elections
2 non partisan elections
3 appointed by legislature
4 appointed by gov
5 merit plan
6 combo of the 5

Front 74

which court has fine appellate jurisdiction in sivil cases/

Back 74

supreme court

Front 75

which court has final appellate jurisdiction in criminal cases

Back 75

court of criminal appeals

Front 76

exempt from jury duty

Back 76

full time students

Front 77

functions of trial juries in texas

Back 77

make actual decisoins about truth and falsehood, guilty or innocent

Front 78

functions of grand juries in texas

Back 78

consider the material sumbitted and determinds if there is enough evidence to issue a formal indicment

Front 79

indictment

Back 79

official accusation normally involving felaonies

Front 80

courts decision in the case of ruiz v. estelle

Back 80

violating prisioners constitutional rights

Front 81

tort

Back 81

private or civil wrong or injury resulting from a breach of a legal duty that exists by reason of society's expectations about appropriate behavior rather than contract

Front 82

awards cap for "pain and suffering" in medical malpractice suits

Back 82

250,000

Front 83

missouri plan

Back 83

selecting od judges

1 nomination od judges by a non partisan comission made up of laywers, a judge and citizens
2 appointed by gov
3 approval by voters after on initial term on the bench

Front 84

predent

Back 84

an earlier court case that serves as justification for a decision in a later case

Front 85

state decisis

Back 85

an earlier court case that serves as justification for a decision in a later case

Front 86

which of the following staments accuratley describes laissez faire

Back 86

the theory argues for a hands off economic policy

Front 87

the 2001 tax cuts combined with a faltering economy ___

Back 87

turned the federal gov't's budget surplus into deficeits

Front 88

following steps must be taken by congress before federal funds may be spent

Back 88

- budgets resolution is passed to set overall spending targets
-an authorization to be spent federal money is adopted
- an appropriations bill is passed to pay for the spending that has been authroized

Front 89

which of the following is responsible for controlling the supply of money and the cost and availibilty of credit

Back 89

federal reserve board (the fed)

Front 90

one result of the reagan program was that

Back 90

many social services were cut

Front 91

budgest deficit

Back 91

the gap between gov'ts income and outlays

Front 92

federal tax on imports is a

Back 92

tarrif

Front 93

NAFTA

Back 93

a trade agreement btwn mexico canada and us

b labor bitterly opposed the agreement

c buisness generally supported the agreement

Front 94

aim of the sherman antitrust act was to

Back 94

encourage competition in buisness and prevent growth of monoploies

Front 95

1998 justice department filed a suit against what computer giant

Back 95

microsoft

Front 96

the federal gov't fills what roles?

Back 96

regulator, promotor, protector

Front 97

crusader for auto safety who brought dederal legislation to bear and who prodded the automobile industry to produce safer cars and to reacall those suspsected defects was....

Back 97

ralf nadar

Front 98

what do the auto safty law and the truth in packaging law and the meat and poultry inspection law have in common

Back 98

they are among the principal federal consumer laws

Front 99

social security act and amendments to provide for

Back 99

disablity insurnacem old age and survivors income, medicare

Front 100

federal law that established federally insured loans for college students and established the work study programs was known as

Back 100

- the morill act
-the higher edu act of 1965 (pell grants
- national defense edu act

Front 101

controversy surrounding the northern spotted owl illustrates wich of the following?

Back 101

the controversy that may develop when enviormental concerns effect employment

Front 102

controversial secratary of the interior in the reagan administaraion who seemed to favor development over enviormental concerns was

Back 102

james watt

Front 103

potential nuclear disaster take place in the USA

Back 103

three mile island, pennsylvania

Front 104

farmers can decide what to grow due to

Back 104

a major overhall in domestic farm policy

Front 105

legislation designed to move us agriculture from gov't dependence toward a freemarket approach is known as the 1996....

Back 105

freedom to farm act

Front 106

nations farm policy used to protect farmers through a program gov't

Back 106

subsides that fluctuated with market parices

Front 107

invoking a seventy yr old statue called the rail way labor act president clinton intervened because a strike threatned

Back 107

the interstate commerce

Front 108

the tax system in texas is not easily asjusted to ups and downs in the economy beacuse it is said to...

Back 108

lack elasticity

Front 109

provided the greatest share of revenue in the 00-01 biennium

Back 109

taxes

Front 110

type of federal grant that could olny be used for programs specified int he grant

Back 110

categorical grant in aid

Front 111

framers of th estate consitution beleived in pay-as-you-go gov't emergency borrowing by the state must by approved by....

Back 111

4/5 majority of the leg. vote

Front 112

tax texas DOES NOT HAVE

Back 112

personal income tax

Front 113

tax that is both regulatory and revenue producing

Back 113

tobacco and alchol (sin) tax

Front 114

reliance on strict benefit theory of taxation would affect ___________ the most.

Back 114

lower income citizens

Front 115

state agencies that play a major role in the initial formulation of the budget are the office of budget and planning and the...........

Back 115

LBB

Front 116

most revenue comes from these taxes

Back 116

sales tax

Front 117

professor newell, a good tax system is one that....

Back 117

collects they money that it needs.... fair baleanced and equitable.

Front 118

the sum of goals, decisions, and actions that govern a nation's relations with the rest of the world is?

Back 118

foreign policy

Front 119

by deciding to join the UN after ww2 the US was adopting which foreign policy?

Back 119

internationalism

Front 120

coducting foreign policy the president plays what roles?

Back 120

commander in chief, chief dimplomat

Front 121

constitutional powers of congress

Back 121

- declare war
-apprpropiate money for defiense
-rase and support armies

Front 122

created to advise the prez on integration of domesting foreign and military policys national security

Back 122

national security counsial

Front 123

what is the CIA director responsible for

Back 123

-the defence intelligence agency
- fbi
-national security agency

Front 124

jyndon johnson's decision to not seek reelection to the prezy in 1968 illustrates

Back 124

that intense domestic reaction to foreign policy has a great impact on government and the political fortunes of public officials, including the president

Front 125

those who advocate apolicy of avoiding foreign involvment are said to be proponets of

Back 125

isolationism

Front 126

domestic influence on foreign policy includes

Back 126

intrest groups

Front 127

the relationship between foreign policy and defense policy

Back 127

- foreign policy and defense policy are intimately linnked
-idealy foreign policy establishes the broat outliners within wich the defense establishement must work
-the prez must see that the generals serve the prez's foreign poliocy goals rather than the other way around

Front 128

principal deeply rooted in the constutiton and tradition of the usa

Back 128

military establishment should be under civilian control

Front 129

traiing special forces in guerrilla war fairl and counterinsurgency is a defense strategy called

Back 129

flexible response

Front 130

end of ww2 the two super powers were

Back 130

soviet union and the usa

Front 131

jan 1991 the us militiary target was not communist aggression but rather the protection of

Back 131

middle east oil

Front 132

gulf war demonstrated that the us military could be used in a new way eve.....

Back 132

in the absense of a comunist threat

Front 133

in 1998 the NATO invited three new countries, the new countries were once

Back 133

adversaries, allied with the former soviet union

Front 134

the cilinton adminstration had been involved with ireland by

Back 134

-giving the us visa to ggerry adamns, head of sinn fein
-meditating an ira cease fire
-establishing peace talks and possible agreement

Front 135

signigicance of texas's economy and gas and oil

Back 135

significance of gas and oil to the states ecnomy is steaily diminishing

Front 136

robert reich's prediction concerning globalization of the labor market. the key to creating a prosperous texas int he 21st century will be

Back 136

education

Front 137

economic envoironment in texas

Back 137

has shifted away from agriculture and oil to more diverse manufacturing and high tech industries

Front 138

NATO is designed to

Back 138

remove import tariffs and other trade barriers between the us, canada and mexico

Front 139

manquila industry

Back 139

-provides a worker with only min. wage
- offers medical and food services in addiation to salaries
-assembly line industry with regimented work conditions

Front 140

enviornmental concerns in the border reigon ....

Back 140

-are being adresssed by the border environmental cooperation commission
-will be addressed by new wastewater treatment plans

Front 141

inland port concept that the free trade alliance is promoting is a way to utilize the reasources in san antonio

Back 141

- to facilitate manufacturing and deilivery systems between mex and the us

- bring buisness together in a trade zone

Front 142

included in a us mission in a foreign capital

Back 142

-military attaches
-agents of the cia
- reps of the agency for international develpoment (aid)

Front 143

played a role between the us and soviet uniion to reduce number of nuclear arms in both countries

Back 143

the arms control and disarmament agency

Front 144

permanent members of the UN

Back 144

great britian, france, china

Front 145

the administration of the UN is the responsibility of the

Back 145

secretariat

Front 146

2004 the un had expanded from its orioginal 50 memebers to 191 members. the secratary general was

Back 146

kofi annan from ghana

Front 147

first treaty the us and ussr agreed to reduce their nuclear arsenals was

Back 147

the intermediate range nuclear forces treaty

Front 148

prez negotiated the start II treaty radified the senate in 1996

Back 148

bush

Front 149

most prominent bodies of the UN are the

Back 149

general assembly and the security counsul

Front 150

the goal of the un peacekeeping mission in somalia was to

Back 150

squash gang violence and distribute food

Front 151

in 196 secratary of state warren christopher visited brazillian rain forrest was the ___________ had become a foreign policy priority

Back 151

envioronment

Front 152

trade issues sometimes interfere with US concern for .....

Back 152

global human rights

Front 153

policy makers calculate the global consequences of all the situaions EXCEPT

Back 153

- destroying forests in south america
= punishing ocuntries b/c the way they address human rights
- require help of nongov't groups to carry out foreign policy

Front 154

mythical vision of americans hold of judges sees them all BUT

Back 154

passionate

Front 155

which is not a part of the tx judiciary system

Back 155

commissioner's courts

Front 156

courts in texas deal with violations of traffic laws

Back 156

municipal courts

Front 157

the principal trial courts for both civil an criminal cases is/are the

Back 157

district courts

Front 158

courts of appeals in ttexas do not have jurisdiction over

Back 158

criminal cases involving capital murder

Front 159

dictrict judges in texas may ve removed from office by impeachment by action of the texas supreme court or by the gov after..l.

Back 159

2/3 majority vote in leg

Front 160

qualifications to serve on jury in texas

Back 160

-be a citizen of the usa
-qualified voter
-able to read and write
-neither convicted or under indictment for a felony

Front 161

automatically exempt from jury duty in texas

Back 161

full time student

Front 162

violient crimes by _______ increased dramatically in texas

Back 162

juvinials

Front 163

what is considered a white collar crime

Back 163

embezzlement

Front 164

ruiz vs estelle federal court case found the texas department of corrections

Back 164

guilty of cruel and unusual punishment in the administration of the states prision system

Front 165

not a stated purpose for the confienment of persons convicted of crimes

Back 165

use of the proceeds from convict labor to compensate victims for injuries they have suffered

Front 166

tx has delt with overcrouding in county jails and state prisions by....

Back 166

releasing prisoners early and building new prisions

Front 167

ruiz vs estelle in 1980 held that

Back 167

texas prisions were overcrowedded and characterized by conditions that violiated the US constitution

Front 168

innovative measures that have been take by parole offices in the dallas reigion inculde

Back 168

-job fairs
- specialized programs to help build self esteem
-longer visits with family members and the parolee

Front 169

powers of the courts to declare acts of congress, federal executive or laws that are enacted by any leve l of gov't to be unconstitutional is the power of

Back 169

judicial review

Front 170

describes the warren court

Back 170

-handed down decisions that called for the end of segregation in pub. schools
-handed down decisions that made it mroe difficult for law enforcment officials to prosecute criminals
-handed down decisions that banned gov't-sponsered prayer in schools

Front 171

which of the following would be considered a liberal ruling made by the burger court?

Back 171

- legalized abortion
- declined to stop publication of the pentagon papers
- extended the right of counsel to poor defendants even in misdemeanor cases

Front 172

correctly describes the rehnquis court

Back 172

-courts conservative bloc was often the dominant force
-on some cases the court handed down liberal decisions

Front 173

describes presidential nominations of persons to the supreme court?

Back 173

senate has confirmed the vast majority of prez's nominations

Front 174

under the constitution which of the following desides the size of the supreme court?

Back 174

congress

Front 175

congress may attempt to overturn specific supreme court rulinggs by utilizing what?

Back 175

-propsing an amendment to the constitution
- passing legislation
- altering jurisdiction

Front 176

supreme court cases hears a case direction - this is called

Back 176

origional jurisdiction

Front 177

an opionin assigned by the chief justice when the chief justice votes with the majority of the court is __________ opionon

Back 177

the majority

Front 178

where do most federal cases begin

Back 178

district courts

Front 179

federal judges recive their positions by appointment by ......

Back 179

the president, subjected to senate approval

Front 180

what president appointed more african american woment judges due to an executive order encouraging merit consideration rather than political patronage?

Back 180

clinton

Front 181

after appoitned to the bench which of the following actions is not true of supreme court justices?

Back 181

may recieve donations for renomination

Front 182

romver vs evans, justice kennedy state that colorado's amendment 2 violates the us constitution's

Back 182

equal protection clause

Front 183

bush vs vera affected not only candidates but also....

Back 183

voters

Front 184

political envorinment of the supreme court affects decisions in diffrent ways such as....

Back 184

-general social climate of the times
-specific political pressures creating intolerable conflict

Front 185

the best system for gaining represenatation in the judicuary for women and minorites according to the judicial task force leauge of women voters is...

Back 185

gubernational appointments

Front 186

advantage of the merit system

Back 186

- protects against partisan sweeps and encourages voters to consider each judge's qualification
-lowers reelection costs in money for incumbent judges and justices
- takes less tiem and energy for judges to spend on campaigning and fuding

Front 187

major disadvantage to a partisan elective system for selection of judges

Back 187

- expensive campaign costs
- lower voter awarness
- perceived infulence of odnations from law firms and coroporations

Front 188

james harrington sees the partisan election system as an advantage because....

Back 188

it forces judges to come out and talk to people

forces judges to at least identify with a political party and reveal so,mething about themselves

Front 189

1988 league of united latin american citizens filed a suit in federal court in an effort to change tx's system of electing...... at large

Back 189

county judges

Front 190

critics of the judicial selection prescess in texas complain that

Back 190

partisan elections create a divide and nonneurtral judiciary

Front 191

plea bargining

Back 191

defendent agrees to plea guity to a less serious charge

Front 192

bail

Back 192

a fixed amount of money to be posted with the court as security in exchange for the defendant's freedom.

Front 193

precedent

Back 193

an earlier court case that serves as a justification for a decision in a later date

Front 194

writ of certiorari

Back 194

legal document issued by the supreme court agreeing to review a case. the overwhelming majority of cases present to the court cam come in the form of petitions for a writ of certiorari. the court can choose which of the cases it wants o heear by denying or granting certiorari

Front 195

stare decisis

Back 195

latin phrase meaning stand by past decisions. a principle that judges often use in deciding cases

Front 196

missouri plan

Back 196

selecting of judges