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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3 Types of Presidential Power and Examples |
1. Executive (Commander in Chief) 2. Legislative (Presidential Veto) 3. Judicial (can appoint judges) |
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5 Functions of American Government |
1. Establish Justice 2. Ensure Domestic Tranquility 3. Provide for the Common Defense 4. Promote the General Welfare 5. Secure the Blessings of Liberty |
Preamble |
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Democracy |
direct rule by the people |
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Republic |
representative form of government in which the people's representatives govern |
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Associated Press |
source of independent news owned by journalists |
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Media Convergence |
the merging of traditional and digital media |
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Agenda Setting |
choosing what stories to cover and what is important
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Priming |
how people and events should be evaluated |
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Framing |
what media chooses to include or leave out in their coverage |
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Federalist Papers |
85 essays that contained arguments in favor of the constitution |
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Montesquieu |
Enlightenment thinker who first articulated the concept of separation of powers and the system of checks and balances |
Checks and Balances |
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Civil Rights |
citizenship rights guaranteed to the people and protected by the government |
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Civil Liberties |
individual freedoms guaranteed to the people primarily by the Bill of Rights |
Bill of Rights |
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14th Amendment |
granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States (included former slaves) |
This Amendment benefitted former slaves |
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19th Amendment |
Granted women the right to vote |
Suffrage |
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15th Amendment |
gave African American men the right to vote |
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13th Amendment |
Freed the slaves |
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Thomas Hobbes |
Enlightenment Thinker, main concern was man's state of nature |
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Originalists |
view the Constitution's meaning as fixed for the time of enactment, only to be changed by the process of Amendment |
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Reconstruction |
process of reuniting the nation after the civil war |
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Types of Interest Groups |
1. Economic 2. Equal Opportunity 3. Public 4. Government |
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Interest Group |
an organization of individuals who share a common political goal and unite to influence government decisions |
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Modernists |
view the Constitution as flexible and dynamic, changing as the morals and beliefs of the population shift |
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Separatists |
believe there is a wall between church and state |
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Accomodationists |
believe that governments should accomodate for the existence of religion |
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Federalism |
a political system where power is divided between central and regional units (federal and state gov.) |
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Naturalization |
process of acquiring citizenship |
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Popular Sovereignty |
citizens are the ultimate source of political power |
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Lobbying |
activity aimed at persuading policy makers to support an interest group's position |
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The Enlightenment |
time period of enlightened thinking, stressed reason, logic, and freedom of thought |
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Astroturf Lobbying |
indirect lobbying efforts that manipulate or create public sentiment |
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Separation of Powers |
1. 3 Distinct branches of government 2. Branches have separate staff to carry out their respective functions 3. constitutional equality and independence of each branch |
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Republican Virtue |
the ability to put the interest of the community ahead of one's own |
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Roman Republic |
political participation of the "many" and the "few" |
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Greek Democracy |
the "many" rule over the "few" |
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Mass Media |
means of conveying information to large public audiences cheaply and efficiently |
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The Cycle Effect |
the tendency for presidents to begin their terms of office with relatively high popularity (declines as they move through their terms) |
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Executive Office of the President |
mini bureaucracy created to help the president oversee the executive branch
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Executive Branch |
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The Presidential Cabinet |
formal body of presidential advisors who head the 15 executive departments |
Hillary Clinton |
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Bicameral Legislature |
Two Houses: House of Representatives and Senate |
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Roll Call Votes |
requires each member of Congress to vote yay or nay |
Yay or Nay |
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Partisanship |
loyalty to a political cause or party that influences perspective and determines solutions |
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Polarization |
measurement of how great the ideological differences are between the parties/how much idealogical agreement exists within the parties |
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Hyperpartisanship |
strong commitment to a part, leaving members of Congress to choose their party over national interest |
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Pardoning Power |
an executive grant providing restoration of all rights and privileges of citizenship to a specific individual charged or convicted of a crime |
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22nd Amendment |
Prevents the president from serving more than two terms |
Terms |
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National Security Council |
established in 1947 to advise the president on American military affairs and foreign policy |
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Aristotle's Types of Government |
1. Monarchy 2. Tyranny 3. Aristocracy 4. Oligarchy 5. Polity 6. Democracy |
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How did Aristotle Determine if a government was just or unjust? |
Just = benefits everyone Unjust = benefits only those in power |
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Social Contract |
first articulated by John Locke, if a government fails to protect its' citizens, they are entitled to a revolution |
REVOLUTION |
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Federalists |
supported the constitution (typically wealthy) |
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Pluralist Democracy |
focused on membership in groups that influence political decisions on their members behalf |
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Incorporation |
a nationalization of most, but not all of the protections in the Bill of Rights into the states' 14th Amendment obligation |
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Selective Incorporation |
the incorporation of right on a case by case basis |
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Griswold vs. Connecticut |
Court case surrounding the issue of the Right to Privacy, contraception |
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Lawrence vs. Texas |
Court case surrounding the issue of The Right to Privacy, private sexual behavior |
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Equal Rights Amendment |
Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of sex
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de jure discrimination |
discrimination as a result of a law or official policy |
Black Codes |
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de facto discrimination |
discrimination as a result of social practice |
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Title 9 |
bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students
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President pro tempore |
presides over the Senate in the absence of the vice president
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Politico |
An elected representative who acts as a trustee or as a delegate, depending on the issue.
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Trustee Approach to Representation |
listens to the opinions of constituents and then can be trusted to use his or her own best judgment to make final decisions
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Delegate Approach to Representation |
vote the way their constituents would want them to, regardless of their own opinions
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