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219 Cards in this Set

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1. Administrative Adjudication (pg. 550)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy Vocabulary Ch. 14 (pg. 586)

Applying rules and precedents to specific cases to settle disputes between regulated parties.
2. Bureaucracy (pg. 547)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

The complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles of organization that are employed by all large scale institutions to coordinate the work of their personnel.
3. Department (pg. 552)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

The largest subunit of the executive branch. The secretaries of the fifteen ___________ form the Cabinet.
4. Deregulation (pg. 572)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

A policy of reducing or eliminating regulatory restraints on the conduct of individuals or private institutions.
5. Devolution (pg. 572)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

A policy to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government, such as from the national government to the state and local governments.
6. Executive Privilege (pg. 580)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

The claim that confidential communications between a president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president.
7. Federal Reserve System (pg. 567)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

A system of twelve Federal Reserve Banks that facilitates exchanges of cash, checks, and credit; regulates member banks; and uses monetary policies to fight inflation and deflation.
8. Fiscal Policy (pg. 567)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

The government's use of taxing, monetary, and spending powers to manipulate the economy.
9. Government Corporations (pg. 552)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

A government agency that performs a service normally provided by the private sector.
10. Implementation (pg. 550)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

The efforts of departments and agencies to translate laws into specific bureaucratic routines.
11. Independent Agency (pg. 552)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

An agency that is not part of a Cabinet department.
12. Iron Triangle (pg. 556)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

The stable, cooperative relationship that often develops among a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and one or more supportive interest groups.
13. Merit System (pg. 552)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

A product of civil service reform, in which appointees to positions in public bureaucracies must objectively be deemed qualified for those positions.
14. Oversight (pg. 580)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

The effort by Congress, through hearings, investigations, and other techniques, to exercise control over the activities of executive agencies.
15. Privatization (pg. 574)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

Removing all or part of a program from the public sector to the private sector.
16. Regulatory Agencies (pg. 555)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

Departments, bureaus, or independent agencies whose primary mission is to impose limits, restrictions, or other obligations on the conduct of individuals or companies in the private sector.
17. Revenue Agencies (pg. 567)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

Agencies responsible for collecting taxes. Examples include the Internal Revenue Service for income taxes, the U.S. Customs Service for tariffs and other taxes on imported goods, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms for collection of taxes on the sales of those particular products.
18. Rule Making (pg. 550)
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

A quasi-legislative administrative process by which government agencies produce regulations.
B – Little Growth at All
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy Practice Quiz Ch. 14 (pg. 585)

1. Which of the following best describes the growth of the federal service in the past 25 years?

A. Rampant, Exponential Growth
B. Little Growth at All
C. Decrease in the total number of Federal Employees
D. Vast, Compared to the Growth of the Economy and the Society
A – Implementation
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

2. What task must bureaucrats perform if Congress charges them with enforcing a law through explicit directions?
C – A Spoils System
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

3. Which of the following was not a component of the Civil Service Act of 1883?

A. The Merit System
B. A Type of Tensure System
C. A Spoils System
D. All of the Above were Associated with the Civil Service Act of 1883
D – All of the Above
Devolution
Termination
Privatization
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

4. Which of the following is a way in which the bureaucracy might be reduced?

A. Devolution
B. Termination
C. Privatization
D. All of the above
A – Department of Justice
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

5. Which of the following is not an example of a clientele agency?

A. Department of Justice
B. Department of Commerce
C. Department of Agriculture
D. Department of Housing and Urban Development
A – Congress to make executive agencies accountable for their actions.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

6. The concept of oversight refers to the efforts made by:
D – Bill Clinton
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

7. Which president instituted the bureaucratic reform of the National Performance Review?
D – All of the Above are Parts of the Executive Branch
Cabinet departments
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

8. Which of the following are not parts of the executive branch?

A. Cabinet departments
B. Government Corporations
C. Independent Regulatory Commissions
D. All of the Above are Parts of the Executive Branch
Efficiency

Bureaucracy is simply a form of organization. Specialization and repetition are essential to the (Efficiency) of any organization.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy Study Outline Ch. 14 (pg. 585)

1. Bureaucracy is simply a form of organization. Specialization and repetition are essential to the __________ of any organization.
Service

Despite fears of bureaucratic growth, the federal service has grown little during the past 25 years. The national government is large, but the federal (Service) has not been growing any faster than the economy or the society.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

2. Despite fears of bureaucratic growth, the federal service has grown little during the past 25 years. The national government is large, but the federal _______ has not been growing any faster than the economy or the society.
Congress

The primary task of bureaucracy is to implement the laws passed by Congress.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

3. The primary task of bureaucracy is to implement the laws passed by ________.
President

Because statutes and executive orders often provide only vague instructions, one important job of the bureaucracy is to interpret the intentions of Congress and the (President) prior to implementation of orders.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

4. Because statutes and executive orders often provide only vague instructions, one important job of the bureaucracy is to interpret the intentions of Congress and the _________ prior to implementation of orders.
Private

The lower efficiency of public agencies can be attributed to the added constraints put on them, as compared with those put on (Private) agencies.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

5. The lower efficiency of public agencies can be attributed to the added constraints put on them, as compared with those put on _______ agencies.
Protection

Through civil service reform, national and state governments have attempted to reduce political interference in pubic bureaucracies by granting certain public bureaucrats legal (Protection) from being fired without a show of cause.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

6. Through civil service reform, national and state governments have attempted to reduce political interference in pubic bureaucracies by granting certain public bureaucrats legal __________ from being fired without a show of cause.
Executive

Cabinet departments, agencies, and bureaus are the operating parts of the bureaucracy. Not all government agencies are part of Cabinet departments. Independent agencies, government corporations, and independent regulatory commissions also are part of the (Executive) branch.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

1. Cabinet departments, agencies, and bureaus are the operating parts of the bureaucracy. Not all government agencies are part of Cabinet departments. Independent agencies, government corporations, and independent regulatory commissions also are part of the _________ branch.
Clientele

The different agencies of the executive branch can be classified into 3 main groups according to the services that they provide to the American public. The 1st category of agencies provides services and products that seek to promote the public welfare. Some of these agencies are particularly tied to specific group or segment of American society that is often thought of as the main (Clientele) of that agency.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

2. The different agencies of the executive branch can be classified into 3 main groups according to the services that they provide to the American public. The 1st category of agencies provides services and products that seek to promote the public welfare. Some of these agencies are particularly tied to specific group or segment of American society that is often thought of as the main _________ of that agency.
Threat

The 2nd category of agencies work to promote national security from internal and external (Threat).
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

3. The 2nd category of agencies work to promote national security from internal and external ______.
Economy

The 3rd group of agencies provides services that help to maintain a strong economy. Foremost among these are the agencies that are responsible for fiscal and monetary policy. In addition, the federal government may directly provide services or goods that bolster the (Economy).
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

4. The 3rd group of agencies provides services that help to maintain a strong economy. Foremost among these are the agencies that are responsible for fiscal and monetary policy. In addition, the federal government may directly provide services or goods that bolster the _______.
Bureaucracy

The National Performance Review was an effort to make the (Bureaucracy) more efficient, accountable, and effective.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

1. The National Performance Review was an effort to make the ___________ more efficient, accountable, and effective.
Political

Although government bureaucracies can be made more responsive and efficient, reform is not simply a matter of management techniques but also a (Political) matter.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

2. Although government bureaucracies can be made more responsive and efficient, reform is not simply a matter of management techniques but also a _________ matter.
Privatization

The bureaucracy can be reduced in 3 ways: termination, devolution, and (Privatization).
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

1. The bureaucracy can be reduced in 3 ways: termination, devolution, and _____________.
Responsible

Each expansion of the national government during the 20th century was accompanied by a parallel expansion of presidential management authority, but the expansion of presidential power cannot guarantee (Responsible) bureaucracy.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

1. Each expansion of the national government during the 20th century was accompanied by a parallel expansion of presidential management authority, but the expansion of presidential power cannot guarantee ___________ bureaucracy.
Clarify

Although Congress attempts to control the bureaucracy through oversight, a more effective way to ensure accountability may be to (Clarify) legislative intent.
Government Ch. 14 – Bureaucracy in a Democracy

2. Although Congress attempts to control the bureaucracy through oversight, a more effective way to ensure accountability may be to _______ legislative intent.
1. Contributory Programs (pg. 681)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy (pg. 677 - 713) Vocabulary Ch. 17 (pg. 713)

Social programs financed in whole or in part by taxation or other mandatory contributions by their present or future recipients.
2. Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA) (pg. 682)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

A change made to the level of benefits of a government program based on the rate of inflation.
3. Entitlement (pg. 685)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

A legal obligation of the federal government to provide payments to individuals, or groups of individuals according to eligibility criteria or benefit rules.
4. Equality of Opportunity (pg. 691)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

Widely shared American ideal that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential.
5. Food Stamps (pg. 684)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

A debit card that can be used for food at most grocery stores; the largest in kind benefits program.
6. Indexing (pg. 682)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

Periodic process of adjusting social benefits or wages to account for increases in the cost of living.
7. In-Kind Benefits (pg. 684)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

Non cash goods and services provided to needy individuals and families by the federal government.
8. Libertarian (pg. 707)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

The political philosophy that is skeptical of any government intervention as a potential threat to individual liberty.
9. Means Testing (pg. 683)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

A procedure by which potential beneficiaries of a public-assistance program establish their eligibility by demonstrating a genuine need for the assistance.
10. Medicaid (pg. 683)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

A federally and state-financed, state-operated program providing medical services to low-income people.
11. Medicare (pg. 682)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

A form of national health insurance for the elderly and the disabled.
12. Noncontributory Programs (pg. 683)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

Social programs that provide assistance to people on the basis of demonstrated need rather than any contribution they have made.
13. Social Security (pg. 681)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

A contributory welfare program into which working Americans contribute a percentage of their wages, and from which they receive cash benefits after retirement.
14. Tax Expenditures (pg. 703)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

Government subsidies provided to employers and employees through tax deductions for amounts spent on health insurance and other benefits.
C – Food Stamps
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy Practice Quiz Ch. 17 (pg. 712)

1. Which of the following is not an example of a contributory program?

A. Social Security
B. Medicare
C. Food Stamps
D. All of the Above are Examples of Contributory Programs
C – The deserving poor and the undeserving poor.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

2. Prior to 1935, the private welfare system in the U.S. made a distinction between?
C – The Great Depression
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

3. America’s welfare state was constructed initially in response to?
A – Medicaid and Food Stamps
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

4. Which of the following are examples of in-kind benefits?

A. Medicaid and Food Stamps
B. Social Security Payments and Cost-of-Living Adjustments
C. Medicare and Unemployment Compensation
D. None of the Above
C – Some definite need for assistance plus an inability to provide for it.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

5. Means testing requires that applicants for welfare benefits show?
D – Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

6. In 1996, as part of welfare reform Aid to Families with Dependent Children was abolished and replaced by?
C – The elderly are more organized and more politically powerful than are the working poor.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

7. In terms of receiving benefits of social policies, what distinguishes the elderly from the working poor?
D – The Middle Class
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

8. Who are the chief beneficiaries of the “shadow welfare state”?
A – Drug Policies
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

9. Which of the following is not aimed at breaking the cycle of poverty?

A. Drug Policies
B. Education Policies
C. Employment Training Programs
D. Health Policies
Problems

Tomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence enshrined equality of opportunity, a widely shared American ideal, but (Problems) associated with this ideal persist.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy Study Outline Ch. 17 (pg. 711)

1. Tomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence enshrined equality of opportunity, a widely shared American ideal, but ________ associated with this ideal persist.
Opportunities

The lowest income brackets are disproportionately composed of members of groups who have been deprived of (Opportunities).
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

2. The lowest income brackets are disproportionately composed of members of groups who have been deprived of _____________.
Obligation

Prior to 1935, the welfare system in America was composed of private groups rather than government. State governments gradually assumed some of the (Obligation) to relieve the poor.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

1. Prior to 1935, the welfare system in America was composed of private groups rather than government. State governments gradually assumed some of the __________ to relieve the poor.
Social Security

The founding of the welfare state can be dated to the (Social Security) Act of 1935; this act provided for both contributory and noncontributory welfare programs.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

2. The founding of the welfare state can be dated to the ______ ________ Act of 1935; this act provided for both contributory and noncontributory welfare programs.
Contributory

(Contributory) programs – such as Social Security and unemployment compensation – provide “forced savings” for individuals who, as a consequence of making a contribution, can receive program benefits at a later time.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

3. ____________ programs – such as Social Security and unemployment compensation – provide “forced savings” for individuals who, as a consequence of making a contribution, can receive program benefits at a later time.
Demonstrated

Noncontributory programs – such as food stamps and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) – provide assistance to people based on (Demonstrated) need rather than on any contribution they may have made.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

4. Noncontributory programs – such as food stamps and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) – provide assistance to people based on ____________ need rather than on any contribution they may have made.
Entitlement

Spending on social policies, especially Social Security and Medicare, has increased dramatically in recent decades, raising concerns about how (Entitlement) programs will be paid for in future decades.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

5. Spending on social policies, especially Social Security and Medicare, has increased dramatically in recent decades, raising concerns about how ___________ programs will be paid for in future decades.
Redistribute

Education, employment, health, and housing policies are 4 ways to break the cycle of poverty and (Redistribute) opportunities.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

1. Education, employment, health, and housing policies are 4 ways to break the cycle of poverty and ____________ opportunities.
Opportunity

The education policies of state and local governments are the most important single force in the distribution and redistribution of (Opportunity) in America.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

2. The education policies of state and local governments are the most important single force in the distribution and redistribution of ___________ in America.
Welfare

Employment and job training programs have not been a consistent goal of the modern (Welfare) state.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

3. Employment and job training programs have not been a consistent goal of the modern _______ state.
Pollution

Although states also took the early lead in the arena of public-health policy, the federal government began to adopt policies during the early 1900’s to protect citizens from the effects of (Pollution) and other health hazards.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

4. Although states also took the early lead in the arena of public-health policy, the federal government began to adopt policies during the early 1900’s to protect citizens from the effects of _________ and other health hazards.
Poor

Federal housing policy consists of many pork-barrel programs, but it also is a commitment to improving the conditions and opportunities of the (Poor).
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

5. Federal housing policy consists of many pork-barrel programs, but it also is a commitment to improving the conditions and opportunities of the ____.
Interest

The elderly are the beneficiaries of generous social policies in part because they are perceived as being a deserving population and because they have become a strong (Interest) group.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

1. The elderly are the beneficiaries of generous social policies in part because they are perceived as being a deserving population and because they have become a strong ________ group.
Employees

The middle class benefits from social policies in many ways; one way is through the use of tax expenditures, which provide that certain payments made by employers and the government does not tax (Employees).
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

2. The middle class benefits from social policies in many ways; one way is through the use of tax expenditures, which provide that certain payments made by employers and the government does not tax _________.
Organization

People who are working but are still poor receive limited assistance from government social programs. Although they may be seen as deserving, they receive only limited assistance because they lack (Organization) and political power.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

3. People who are working but are still poor receive limited assistance from government social programs. Although they may be seen as deserving, they receive only limited assistance because they lack ____________ and political power.
Spending

Medicaid and TANF are programs aimed at the able bodied, nonworking poor, but they receive assistance only if they are parents caring for children. The unpopularity of such programs has prompted efforts to decrease (Spending) in recent years.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

4. Medicaid and TANF are programs aimed at the able bodied, nonworking poor, but they receive assistance only if they are parents caring for children. The unpopularity of such programs has prompted efforts to decrease ________ in recent years.
Pragmatic

The development of social policy in the U.S. reflects the tensions among the values of liberty, equality, and democracy. Various conservative and liberal perspectives attempt to reconcile these tensions with differing views on social policy. Each of these approaches seems out of step, however, with the more (Pragmatic) view held by most Americans.
Government Ch. 17 – Social Policy

1. The development of social policy in the U.S. reflects the tensions among the values of liberty, equality, and democracy. Various conservative and liberal perspectives attempt to reconcile these tensions with differing views on social policy. Each of these approaches seems out of step, however, with the more _________ view held by most Americans.
1. Antitrust Policy (pg. 654)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy Vocabulary Ch. 16 (pg. 675)

An effort to regulate the economy through the manipulation of the supply of money and credit. America's most powerful institution in this area of monetary policy is the Federal Reserve Board.
2. Budget Deficit (pg. 651)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

Amount by which government spending exceeds government revenue in a fiscal year.
3. Categorical Grants (pg. 640)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

Congressional grants given to states and localities on the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by the law.
4. Contracting Power (pg. 658)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

The power of government to set conditions on companies seeking to sell goods or services to government agencies.
5. Deregulation (pg. 657)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

A policy of reducing or eliminating regulatory restraints on the conduct of individuals or private institutions.
6. Discretionary Spending (pg. 653)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

Federal spending on programs that are controlled through the regular budget process.
7. Federal Funds Rate (pg. 647)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

The interest rate on loans between banks that the Federal Reserve Board influences by affecting the supply of money available.
8. Federal Reserve System (pg. 646)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

A system of twelve Federal Reserve Banks that facilitates exchanges of cash, checks, and credit; regulates member banks; and uses monetary policies to fight inflation and deflation.
9. Fiscal Policy (pg. 648)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

The government's use of taxing, monetary, and spending powers to manipulate the economy.
10. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (pg. 635)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

The total value of goods and services produced within a country.
11. Inflation (pg. 638)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

A consistent increase in the general level of prices.
12. Keynesians (pg. 644)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

Followers of the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes, who argued that the government can stimulate the economy by increasing public spending or by cutting taxes.
13. Laissez-Faire Capitalism (pg. 643)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit with minimal or no government interference.
14. Loophole (pg. 650)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

Incentive to individuals and businesses to reduce their tax liabilities by investing their money in areas that the government designates.
15. Mandatory Spending (pg. 653)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

Federal spending that is made up of "uncontrollables" budget items that cannot be controlled through the regular budget process.
16. Monetarists (pg. 644)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

Followers of economic theories that contend that the role of the government in the economy should be limited to regulating the supply of money.
17. Monetary Policy (pg. 645)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

An effort to regulate the economy through the manipulation of the supply of money and credit. America's most powerful institution in this area of monetary policy is the Federal Reserve Board.
18. Monopoly (pg. 654)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

The existence of a single firm in a market that controls all the goods and services of that market; absence of competition.
19. Open-Market Operations (pg. 647)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

Method by which the Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve System buys and sells government securities, etc., to help finance government operations and to reduce or increase the total amount of money circulating in the economy.
20. Progressive Taxation (pg. 649)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

Taxation that hits upper income brackets more heavily.
21. Public Good (pg. 635)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

A good or service that is provided by the government because it either is not supplied by the market or is not supplied in sufficient quantities.
22. Public Policy (pg. 633)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

A law, rule, statute, or edict that expresses the government's goals and provides for rewards and punishments to promote their attainment.
23. Redistribution (pg. 650)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

A policy whose objective is to tax or spend in such a way as to reduce the disparities of wealth between the lowest and the highest income brackets.
24. Regressive Taxation (pg. 649)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

Tax that hits lower income brackets more heavily.
25. Reserve Requirements (pg. 646)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

The amount of liquid assets and ready cash that banks are required to hold to meet depositors' demands for their money.
26. Subsidy (pg. 657)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

A government grant of cash or other valuable commodities, such as land, to an individual or an organization; used to promote activities desired by the government, to reward political support, or to buy off political opposition.
27. Supply-Side Economics (pg. 644)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

Posits that reducing the marginal rate of taxation will create a productive economy by promoting levels of work and investment that would otherwise be discouraged by higher taxes.
28. Tariff (pg. 648)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

A tax on imported goods.
29. Uncontrollable (pg. 653)
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

A budgetary item that is beyond the control of budgetary committees and can be controlled only by substantive legislative action in Congress. Some uncontrollable, such as interest on the debt, are beyond the power of Congress, because the terms of payments are set in contracts.
B – Adam Smith
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy Practice Quiz Ch. 16 (pg. 675)

1. The argument for laissez-faire was first elaborated by who?
B – Keynesianism
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

2. Which of the following economic perspectives argues for an ongoing role for government in the economy?

A. Laissez-Faire
B. Keynesianism
C. Monetarism
D. Rational Expectations
A – John Maynard Keynes
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

3. The theories of which economist were used to help justify the increase in government spending during the New Deal?
D – The Federal Reserve System
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

4. Monetary policy is handled largely by?
B – The Availability of Credit and Money
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

5. Monetary policy seeks to influence the economy through?
C – A Fiscal Policy
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

6. A situation in which the government attempts to affect the economy through taxing and spending is an example of?
B – Progressive
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

7. A tax that places a greater burden on those who are better able to afford it is called?
C – Business Groups
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

8. Which groups currently have the most political influence in economic policy making?
D – Budget Surplus
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

9. Which of the following is not a reason that government forms and changes regulatory policies?

A. Public Opinion
B. Politics
C. Morality
D. Budget Surplus
A – To Guarantee Economic Equality
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

10. Which of the following is not one of the reasons that government is involved in the economy?

A. To Guarantee Economic Equality
B. To Protect Property
C. To Regulate Competition
D. To Provide Public Goods
Sanction

Public policy is an officially expressed intention backed by a (Sanction), which can be a reward or a punishment.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy Study Outline Ch. 16 (pg. 673 – 674)

1. Public policy is an officially expressed intention backed by a ________, which can be a reward or a punishment.
Exchange

At the most basic level, government makes it possible for markets to function efficiently by setting the rules for economic (Exchange) and punishing those who violate the rules.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

2. At the most basic level, government makes it possible for markets to function efficiently by setting the rules for economic ________ and punishing those who violate the rules.
Protecting

Government promotes stable markets by (Protecting) the welfare and property of individuals, maintaining law and order, providing protection of private property, and regulating competition.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

3. Government promotes stable markets by __________ the welfare and property of individuals, maintaining law and order, providing protection of private property, and regulating competition.
Providing

Government makes the market economy possible by (Providing) public goods.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

4. Government makes the market economy possible by _________ public goods.
Conflict

A strong and prosperous economy is the basic goal of all economic policy. Gut the key elements of a strong economy – economic growth, full employment, and low inflation – often appear to (Conflict) with each other.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

5. A strong and prosperous economy is the basic goal of all economic policy. Gut the key elements of a strong economy – economic growth, full employment, and low inflation – often appear to ________ with each other.
Direct

Government promotes business development indirectly through categorical grants and supports specific business sectors with (Direct) subsidies, loans, and tax breaks.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

6. Government promotes business development indirectly through categorical grants and supports specific business sectors with ______ subsidies, loans, and tax breaks.
Reduced

From the 1930’s to the 1980’s, the government regulated industrial relations by overseeing union elections and collective bargaining between labor groups and management. But more recently, with the exception of the minimum wage, the government has significantly (Reduced) its involvement in industrial relations.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

7. From the 1930’s to the 1980’s, the government regulated industrial relations by overseeing union elections and collective bargaining between labor groups and management. But more recently, with the exception of the minimum wage, the government has significantly _______ its involvement in industrial relations.
Products

The federal government plays an active role in protecting consumers from unsafe (Products).
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

8. The federal government plays an active role in protecting consumers from unsafe ________.
Economy

There are different theories about whether, how much, and in what ways government should be involved in the (Economy).
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

9. There are different theories about whether, how much, and in what ways government should be involved in the _______.
Flourish

Proponents of laissez-faire argue that the economy will (Flourish) if the government leaves it alone.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

10. Proponents of laissez-faire argue that the economy will ________ if the government leaves it alone.
Stimulating

Proponents of Keynesianism argue for an ongoing role for government in the economy by redistributing money and (Stimulating) consumer demand.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

11. Proponents of Keynesianism argue for an ongoing role for government in the economy by redistributing money and ___________ consumer demand.
Regulating

Proponents of monetarism argue that the role of government in the economy should be limited to (Regulating) the supply of money.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

12. Proponents of monetarism argue that the role of government in the economy should be limited to __________ the supply of money.
Investment

Proponents of supply-side economics argue that reducing the government’s role in the economy, particularly through tax cuts, will promote (Investment) and spur economic growth.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

13. Proponents of supply-side economics argue that reducing the government’s role in the economy, particularly through tax cuts, will promote __________ and spur economic growth.
Banks

Monetary policies manipulate the growth of the entire economy by controlling the availability of money to (Banks) through the Federal Reserve System.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

1. Monetary policies manipulate the growth of the entire economy by controlling the availability of money to _____ through the Federal Reserve System.
Spending

Fiscal policies include the government’s taxing and (Spending) powers.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

2. Fiscal policies include the government’s taxing and ________ powers.
Progressive

During the 19th century, the federal government received most of its revenue from a single tax, the tariff. Since then, the federal government has added new sources of tax revenue, the most important being the income tax and social insurance taxes. One of the most important features of the American income tax is that it is a (Progressive) tax.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

3. During the 19th century, the federal government received most of its revenue from a single tax, the tariff. Since then, the federal government has added new sources of tax revenue, the most important being the income tax and social insurance taxes. One of the most important features of the American income tax is that it is a ___________ tax.
Congress

The federal government’s power to spend is one of the most important tools of economic policy because spending decisions affect every aspect of the economy. These decisions, which are typically contentious, are made as part of the annual budget process involving the president and (Congress).
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

4. The federal government’s power to spend is one of the most important tools of economic policy because spending decisions affect every aspect of the economy. These decisions, which are typically contentious, are made as part of the annual budget process involving the president and ________.
Federal

The federal government can establish conditions that regulate the operation of big businesses to ensure fair competition and can force large monopolies to break up into smaller companies. In addition to economic regulation, the (Federal) government can also impose conditions on businesses to protect workers, the environment, and consumers.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

5. The federal government can establish conditions that regulate the operation of big businesses to ensure fair competition and can force large monopolies to break up into smaller companies. In addition to economic regulation, the _______ government can also impose conditions on businesses to protect workers, the environment, and consumers.
Terminated

By the late 1970’s, a reaction against regulation set in. Although the deregulation movement has resulted in a reduction in the amount of regulatory laws, few regulatory programs have actually been (Terminated).
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

6. By the late 1970’s, a reaction against regulation set in. Although the deregulation movement has resulted in a reduction in the amount of regulatory laws, few regulatory programs have actually been __________.
Economic

Subsidies and contracting are the carrots of (Economic) policy. Their purpose is to encourage people to do something they might not otherwise do or to get people to do more of what they are already doing.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

7. Subsidies and contracting are the carrots of ________ policy. Their purpose is to encourage people to do something they might not otherwise do or to get people to do more of what they are already doing.
Economy

During the 1970’s, environmental policy emerged as a major component of federal action, with the passage of new laws reaching into many aspects of the (Economy). During this time Congress enacted the National Environmental Policy Act (which created the Environmental Protection Agency), the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

1. During the 1970’s, environmental policy emerged as a major component of federal action, with the passage of new laws reaching into many aspects of the _______. During this time Congress enacted the National Environmental Policy Act (which created the Environmental Protection Agency), the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Climate

Concerns about climate change pose complex new challenges for economic policy. Policymakers are considering a variety of solutions including policies designed to reduce greenhouse gases, development of alternative technologies, and policies that promote adaptation to a changed (Climate).
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

2. Concerns about climate change pose complex new challenges for economic policy. Policymakers are considering a variety of solutions including policies designed to reduce greenhouse gases, development of alternative technologies, and policies that promote adaptation to a changed _______.
Responsible

Since the Great Depression of the 1930’s the public has held the government (Responsible) for maintaining a healthy economy.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

1. Since the Great Depression of the 1930’s the public has held the government ___________ for maintaining a healthy economy.
Republicans, Democrats

Politicians disagree about what the priorities of economic policy should be. Both Democrats and Republicans want to promote economic growth, but (Republicans) stress the importance of maintaining economic freedom whereas (Democrats) are more willing to support economic regulation to attain social or environmental objectives.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

2. Politicians disagree about what the priorities of economic policy should be. Both Democrats and Republicans want to promote economic growth, but ___________ stress the importance of maintaining economic freedom whereas _________ are more willing to support economic regulation to attain social or environmental objectives.
Influential

Consumer groups, environmentalists, businesses, and labor all attempt to shape economic policy, though business groups are the most consistently (Influential) today.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

3. Consumer groups, environmentalists, businesses, and labor all attempt to shape economic policy, though business groups are the most consistently ___________ today.
Balance

Historically, Americans have been more concerned about ensuring economic liberty that with promoting economic equality, although debates about the appropriate (Balance) between the two are an ongoing feature of economic policy in the United States.
Government Ch. 16 – Government and the Economy

4. Historically, Americans have been more concerned about ensuring economic liberty that with promoting economic equality, although debates about the appropriate _______ between the two are an ongoing feature of economic policy in the United States.
1. Appeasement (pg. 719)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy Vocabulary Ch. 18 (pg. 756)

Effort to forestall war by giving in to the demands of a hostile power.
2. Balance-of-Power Role (pg. 745)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

The strategy whereby many countries form alliances with one or more countries in order to counterbalance the behavior of other, usually more powerful, nation-states.
3. Bilateral Treaty (pg. 741)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

Treaty made between two nations.
4. Bush Doctrine (pg. 727)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

Foreign policy based on the idea that the United States should take preemptive action against threats to its national security.
5. Cold War (pg. 719)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

The period of struggle between the United States and the former Soviet Union between the late 1940s and about 1990.
6. Deterrence (pg. 719)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

The development and maintenance of military strength as a means of discouraging attack.
7. Diplomacy (pg. 735)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

The representation of a government to other foreign governments.
8. Economic Expansionist Role (pg. 746)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

The strategy often pursued by capitalist countries to adopt foreign policies that will maximize the success of domestic corporations in their dealings with other countries.
9. Executive Agreement (pg. 730)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

An agreement, made between the president and another country, that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate's "advice and consent".
10. General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) (pg. 722)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

International trade organization, in existence from 1947 to 1995, that set many of the rules governing international trade.
11. Holy Alliance Role (pg. 745)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

A strategy pursued by a superpower to prevent any change in the existing distribution of power among nation-states, even if this requires intervention into the internal affairs of another country in order to keep a ruler from being overthrown.
12. International Monetary Fund (IMF) (pg. 738)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

An institution established in 1944 that provides loans and facilitates international monetary exchange.
13. Isolationism (pg. 718)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

Desire to avoid involvement in the affairs of other nations.
14. Most Favored Nation Status (pg. 721)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

Agreement to offer a trading partner the lowest tariff rate offered to other trading partners.
15. Napoleonic Role (pg. 744)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

A strategy pursued by a powerful nation to prevent aggressive actions against it by improving the internal state of affairs of a particular country, even if this means encouraging revolution in that country.
16. Nation-State (pg. 720)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

A political entity consisting of a people with some common cultural experience (nation) who also share a common political authority (state), recognized by other sovereignties (nation-states).
17. Non-State Actor (pg. 718)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

Groups other than nation-states that attempt to play a role in the international system. Terrorist groups are one type of non-state actor.
18. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (pg. 722)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

Trade treaty among the United States, Canada, and Mexico to lower and eliminate tariffs among the three countries.
19. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (pg. 741)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

A treaty organization, comprising the United States, Canada, and most of Western Europe, formed in 1948 to counter the perceived threat from the Soviet Union.
20. Preemption (pg. 720)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

Willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack.
21. Preventive War (pg. 719)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

Policy of striking first when a nation fears that a foreign foe is contemplating hostile action.
22. United Nations (UN) (pg. 736)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

An organization of nations founded in 1945 to serve as a channel for negotiation and a means of settling international disputes peaceably. The ___ has had frequent successes in providing a forum for negotiation and on some occasions a means of preventing international conflicts from spreading. On a number of occasions, the ___ has been a convenient cover for U.S. foreign-policy goals.
23. World Trade Organization (WTO) (pg. 722)
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

International trade agency promoting free trade that grew out of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
D – Highly pluralistic, involving a large mix of both official and unofficial players.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy Practice Quiz Ch. 18

1. The making of American foreign policy is?
B - Congress
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

2. The Constitution assigns the power to declare war to?
C – The period of struggle between the U.S. and the Soviet Union between the late 1940’s and the late 1980’s.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

3. The “Cold War” refers to the?
C – Canada, and most of Western Europe
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

4. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1948 by the U.S., and who else?
B – Isolationist
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

5. Which of the following terms best describe s the American posture toward the world prior to the middle of the 20th century?

A. Interventionist
B. Isolationist
C. Appeasement
D. None of the Above
D – Both B (The World Bank) and C (The International Monetary Fund) are Correct
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

6. Which of the following are important international economic institutions created after WWII?

A. The Federal Reserve
B. The World Bank
C. The International Monetary Fund
D. Both B and C are Correct
A – Deterrence
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

7. Which of the following terms describes the idea that the development and maintenance of military strength discourages attack?

A. Deterrence
B. Containment
C. “Minuteman” Theory of Defense
D. Detente
A – The Marshall Plan
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

8. Which of the following was dedicated to the relief, reconstruction, and economic recovery of Western Europe?

A. The Marshall Plan
B. The Lend-Lease Act
C. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
D. The North American Free Trade Agreement
Economic

Foreign policy refers to the programs and policies that determine America’s relations with other nations and foreign entities. Foreign policy includes diplomacy, military and security policy, international human rights policies, and various forms of (Economic) policy.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy Study Outline Ch. 18 (pg. 754)

1. Foreign policy refers to the programs and policies that determine America’s relations with other nations and foreign entities. Foreign policy includes diplomacy, military and security policy, international human rights policies, and various forms of ________ policy.
Decision

The foreign-policy arena seems similar to America’s other policy domains, but differs in at least 3 ways: history, questions of national interest are more predominant in the foreign-policy arena, and the foreign-policy arena is affected by America’s wariness of foreign commitments and the difficulty of foreign-policy (Decision) making.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

2. The foreign-policy arena seems similar to America’s other policy domains, but differs in at least 3 ways: history, questions of national interest are more predominant in the foreign-policy arena, and the foreign-policy arena is affected by America’s wariness of foreign commitments and the difficulty of foreign-policy ________ making.
Infrastructures

Today, American security policy is concerned not only with the actions of other nations, but with the activities of terrorist groups and other hostile non-state actors, as well as with food and energy supplies and transportation and electronic (Infrastructures).
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

1. Today, American security policy is concerned not only with the actions of other nations, but with the activities of terrorist groups and other hostile non-state actors, as well as with food and energy supplies and transportation and electronic _______________.
Economic

America’s international (Economic) policies are intended to expand employment opportunities in the U.S., maintain access to foreign energy supplies at a reasonable cost, promote foreign investment in the U.S., and lower the prices Americans pay for goods and services.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

2. America’s international ________ policies are intended to expand employment opportunities in the U.S., maintain access to foreign energy supplies at a reasonable cost, promote foreign investment in the U.S., and lower the prices Americans pay for goods and services.
Interfere

International environmental policy, international human rights policy, and international peacekeeping, in addition to American contributions to international organizations, are important U.S. foreign policy goals but are often forced to give way if they (Interfere) with security or economic policy goals.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

3. International environmental policy, international human rights policy, and international peacekeeping, in addition to American contributions to international organizations, are important U.S. foreign policy goals but are often forced to give way if they _________ with security or economic policy goals.
President

All foreign policy decisions must be made and implemented in the name of the (President).
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

1. All foreign policy decisions must be made and implemented in the name of the _________.
Bureaucracy

The key players in foreign policy in the (Bureaucracy) are the secretaries of state, defense, homeland security, and treasury; the Joint Chiefs of Staff (especially the chair); and the director of the CIA.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

2. The key players in foreign policy in the ___________ are the secretaries of state, defense, homeland security, and treasury; the Joint Chiefs of Staff (especially the chair); and the director of the CIA.
Foreign

Although the Senate traditionally has more foreign-policy power than the House, since WWII, the House and Senate have both been important players in (Foreign) policy.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

3. Although the Senate traditionally has more foreign-policy power than the House, since WWII, the House and Senate have both been important players in _______ policy.
Foreign

Many types of interest groups help shape American (Foreign) policy. These groups include economic interest groups, ethnic or national interest groups, and human-rights and environmental interest groups.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

4. Many types of interest groups help shape American _______ policy. These groups include economic interest groups, ethnic or national interest groups, and human-rights and environmental interest groups.
Influence

The media communicate issues and policies to the American people, and communicate the public’s opinions back to the president. One definite (Influence) of TV on foreign policy has been to make the American people more cynical and skeptical than they otherwise would be.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

5. The media communicate issues and policies to the American people, and communicate the public’s opinions back to the president. One definite _________ of TV on foreign policy has been to make the American people more cynical and skeptical than they otherwise would be.
Influence

Individual or group (Influence) in foreign policy varies from case to case and from situation to situation.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

6. Individual or group _________ in foreign policy varies from case to case and from situation to situation.
Subordinated

Diplomacy is the representation of a government to the foreign governments, and it is the foreign-policy instrument to which all other instruments must be (Subordinated).
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

1. Diplomacy is the representation of a government to the foreign governments, and it is the foreign-policy instrument to which all other instruments must be ____________.
Underestimated

The U.N. is an instrument whose usefulness to American foreign policy can too easily be (Underestimated).
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

2. The U.N. is an instrument whose usefulness to American foreign policy can too easily be ______________.
Economic

The international monetary structure, which consists of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, was created to avoid the (Economic) devastation that followed WWI.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

3. The international monetary structure, which consists of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, was created to avoid the ________ devastation that followed WWI.
Imperial

Economic aid had been important as an instrument of American foreign policy, but it was put together as a balance between traditional values and the modern needs of a great, (Imperial) power.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

4. Economic aid had been important as an instrument of American foreign policy, but it was put together as a balance between traditional values and the modern needs of a great, ________ power.
Multilateral

After WWII, the U.S. recognized the importance of collective security, and subsequently entered into (Multilateral) collective security treaties and other bilateral treaties.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

5. After WWII, the U.S. recognized the importance of collective security, and subsequently entered into ____________ collective security treaties and other bilateral treaties.
Policy

WWII broke the American cycle of demobilization-remobilization and led to a new (Policy) of military preparedness.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

6. WWII broke the American cycle of demobilization-remobilization and led to a new ______ of military preparedness.
Human

Military force is sometimes necessary, but it is a response of last resort because of its extreme risk and high cost in both financial and (Human) terms.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

7. Military force is sometimes necessary, but it is a response of last resort because of its extreme risk and high cost in both financial and _____ terms.
Protection

Dispute arbitration, which allows neutral 3rd parties to settle international disputes, ensures the flow of international trade by providing for the (Protection) of property and contractual rights.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

8. Dispute arbitration, which allows neutral 3rd parties to settle international disputes, ensures the flow of international trade by providing for the __________ of property and contractual rights.
Economic Expansionist

There are 4 roles available to a nation in the conduct of its foreign policy: the Napoleonic role, the Holy Alliance role, the balance-of-power role, and the (Economic Expansionist) role.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

1. There are 4 roles available to a nation in the conduct of its foreign policy: the Napoleonic role, the Holy Alliance role, the balance-of-power role, and the ________ ____________ role.
Region

Although the U.S. played the Napoleonic role during the postwar era and then switched to the Holy Alliance role during the Cold War, it is now beginning to adopt all 4 roles, playing whichever one is appropriate to a particular (Region) and set of circumstances.
Government Ch. 18 – Foreign Policy and Democracy

2. Although the U.S. played the Napoleonic role during the postwar era and then switched to the Holy Alliance role during the Cold War, it is now beginning to adopt all 4 roles, playing whichever one is appropriate to a particular ______ and set of circumstances.
Federal Bureaucracy is needed to delegate the business of the business of the government. All are executive agencies and go through the president.
Government Class Notes

Why is the Federal Beaucracy needed and who are they directly accountable to?
Like Legislative power; like executive power.

Indirect (legislative or judicial) power, created through Congress and delegated to Agencies.
Government Class Notes

What is Quasi Legislative, Quasi Judicial?
Appointed by the president, approved by the Senate.
Government Class Notes

How do you become Head of an Agency?
DEA, FBI, EPA, FEMA, IRS, Post Office, DOD (Department of Defence)
Government Class Notes

Name some Executive Agencies:
All the Departments; all the Department Heads deal directly with the President.
Government Class Notes

What makes up the Cabinets and who do they deal with?
It takes the "politics" out of those who get the Department or position, to where the person who is most qualified is granted the postion (changed the system from spoils system - being appointed (patronage) to being merit-based)
Government Class Notes

What did the 1883 Civil Service Act accomplish?
Amendment XIII (13) this led to a big shift of power from the State government to the Federal government (or "sovereignty" strong influence).
Government Class Notes

Which Amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery and what else did it accomplish?
Amendment XIV (14) if a child is born here, he/she is automatically a citizen.
Government Class Notes

Which Amendment to the Constitution defines Citizenship and what is an Anchor Baby?
Amendment XV (15) grants the right to vote to black males, but NOT WOMEN.
Government Class Notes

Which Amendment to the Constitution granted "Black Male Suffrage"?
They ALL limit states rights; or grant more power to the federal government (both are the same thing).
Government Class Notes

What do Amendments XIII (13) through XVII (17) all have in common?
Amendment XVI (16) the right for the Federal Government to tax (such as the Income Tax). They can do WHATEVER they want with it (they don't have to share it with the states).
Government Class Notes

Which Amendment to the Constitution gives the Federal Government the right to tax, and what can they do with it?
Amendment XVII (17) allows direct election of Senators.
Government Class Notes

Which Amendment to the Constitution allows citizens to elect Senators instead of them being appointed by the States?
It is how the Congress (creates agencies), Agencies (performs act), and Interest Groups (have a "singular" focus) work together in order to accomplish something. It is a back and forth (Centergistic) process between all 3 of these groups.
Government Class Notes

What is an Iron Triangle?
The Executive Branch
Government Class Notes

Who do Federal Agencies work for?
Where State Agencies have to renew their agency every 12 years.
Government Class Notes

In Texas, what is the Sunset Advisory Commission (SAC)?
Medicare
Unemployment
Social Security
Medicaid
WIC
Welfare (Food Stamps)
Government Class Notes

Name some Contributory Programs:
6.2% for Social Security
1.45% for Medicare
=7.65% Total + Employer matches funds (15.3%)
Government Class Notes

How much (and what) is taken out of our paychecks?
Means Testing - Determines who fits qualifications of criteria.

Contributary Programs - Everyone contributes to the program.
Government Class Notes

What is the difference between Means Testing and Contributary Programs?
Run by Texas Workforce Commission.

Unemployment - someone who lost their job through no fault of their own.

Can draw for 123 weeks.

100% Employer Funded

Comes from General Funds

Chargeback (define)
Government Class Notes

Describe Unemployment in Texas:
1946, and created Administrative Law Judges (ALJ).
Government Class Notes

When was the Administrative Procedures Act (APA) passed and what did it create?
1. Published - Federal Register
2. Period of Comment - 30 days (min), could be longer
3. Clearly states the purpose
Government Class Notes

Agencies are allowed to make rules with 3 exceptions, name them: