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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sovereignty
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absolute power in a territory
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State
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Political community with organized gov., w/in a defined territory, and with the power to make and enforce laws without approval by higher authority
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Coup
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Political mutiny
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Status quo
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The way things are
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Laissez-faire
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Government leaves economy alone
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Bourgeoisie
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wealthy control production
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Proletariat
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Workers who produce goods
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Consensus
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agreement/majority
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Common law
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Category/group of commonly held beliefs
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Criminal law
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Violation of the law punishable by a fine of imprisonment
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Felony
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Punishable by a year or more jailtime
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Misdemeanor
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Maximum jail time 11 months 29 days or less
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Supremacy Clause
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The U.S. constitution est. as supreme law of the land
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Free enterprise
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Property and resources privately owned
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Command Economy
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Government owned
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Mixed Market Economy
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Combined economy of government and private ownership
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Law of Demand
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The lower the price, the higher the demand and vice versa
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Law of Supply
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The higher the price, the more of a product that will be provided to the market
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Elastic Demand
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When the price of a product goes up, the demand for the product goes down & vice versa
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Inelastic Demand
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When prices change, the demand stays the same
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Felony
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Punishable by a year or more jailtime
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Misdemeanor
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Maximum jail time 11 months 29 days or less
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Supremacy Clause
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The U.S. constitution est. as supreme law of the land
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Free enterprise
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Property and resources privately owned
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Command Economy
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Government owned
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Mixed Market Economy
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Combined economy of government and private ownership
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Law of Demand
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The lower the price, the higher the demand and vice versa
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Law of Supply
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The higher the price, the more of a product that will be provided to the market
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Elastic Demand
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When the price of a product goes up, the demand for the product goes down & vice versa
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Inelastic Demand
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When prices change, the demand stays the same
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Opportunity Cost
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Whatever I give up to buy an item
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Law of Diminishing Utility
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The more of a product we consume the less satisfaction we get from it
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Economic Equilibrium
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The place at which demand and supply are equal in the market
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Hammurabi's Code of Laws
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Established punishment of an eye for an eye, the punishment fits the crime
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Magna Carta
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Establishes the right to a trial by jury
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English Bill of Rights
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Establishes the right of no taxation without representation
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Mayflower Compact
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Established Religious Freedom in America
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Puritans
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Wanted to purify the Church of England; settlers of the new world
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Separatists
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Separated from the Church (Methodists, Baptists, Protestants)
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Aristotle's Natural Law
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Government should respect the rights of individuals
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Locke's Social Contract
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Relationship between government and individual like a contract
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Martin Luther
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Initiated protestant reformation
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William Penn
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Quaker leader
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Mercantilism
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Colonies required to sell raw materials to the mother country, and buy manufactured goods from the mother country
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Chattel
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Any piece of real property that is movable
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Levy
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to impose/collect a tax (by force or authority)
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Revenue
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Income a company receives from products sold or services
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Quartering
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Housing and accommodation of the military
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Providence
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God ordained it
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Abdicate
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leave, give-up
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Anarchy
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political disorder
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Protective Tariff
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Tax on imports to protect American economy from foreign country competition
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Militia
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Body of citizens enrolled for military services
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Progressive Tax
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They greater the person's income the higher percentage of tax they pay
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Regressive Tax
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Everyone pays the same percentage
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Albany Plan of Union
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First attempt to unite the colonies, failed attempt
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Unicameral
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One house legislature
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Bicameral
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Two house legislature
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Regionalism
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Loyalty to one region of the country
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Shay's Rebellion
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Rebellion against the Articles of Confederation for failing to support the farmers
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Poll Tax
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Money/tax you have to pay in order to vote
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"Grandfather" Clause
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Idea that when a person meets the rules, they are still qualified even if the rules are changed
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Confederation
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Loosely organized group of people/states (no power)
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Extradition
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Fugitive/criminal caught in one state will be returned to the state he/she is wanted
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Full Faith and Credit
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Idea that a state will honor the papers & rights of citizens of another state
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Letters of Marque and Reprisal
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Gives a civilian gov. permission to act: attack, seek revenge; on behalf of the gov.
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Posterity
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Future generation
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Delegated Powers
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Specific powers
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Implied Powers
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Powers not specifically given, they are implied
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Elastic Clause
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Congress can make all laws that are necessary and proper
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Naturalization
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Process of becoming a citizen
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Bankruptcy
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Legally broke
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Patents
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Protection for inventors and new ideas
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Copyrights
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Gov. issued protection (music, books, poems)
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Incumbent
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Person currently holding office
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Partisanship
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Loyalty to one's party
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Gerrymandering
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Draw congressional boundaries to one political party's advantage
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McCulloch v. Maryland
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Landmark case; Decision that U.S. constitution written with loose interpretation; Judge Marshall
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International Law
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System of laws that all nations agree to abide by
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Writ of Habeas Corpus
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Must be charged with a crime to be arrested
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Bill of Attainder
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Take away the right of trial by jury
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Ex Post Facto Law
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Act must have been against the law at the time of being committed to be considered illegal
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