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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Greek philosophers who believed that politics was a practical science which would result in political order, ensuring justice and stability
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Aristotle and Plato
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Elaborated on Aristotle's theory and related them to Christianity. Helped lay foundation of modern constiutionalism
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Saint Thomas Aquinas
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Modern Constitutionalism
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Theory stating that government is limited by law
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Machiavelli
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Disregarded ideals of Christianity in favour of realistic power politics
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Thomas Hobbe's most famous work
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Leviathan (a reaction to disorder caused by English civil wars)
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Who perceived people as rational beings, but did not have faith they could live in harmony without a gov't?
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Hobbes
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Who believed that people were selfish and the strong would take from the weak?
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Hobbes
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Regarded man's mind as a blank slate at birth
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John Locke
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Believed all me are born good
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John Locke
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What are many of Locke's ideas embedded in?
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U.S Constitution
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2 proponents of liberalism
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Montesquieu and Rousseau
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Willingness to change ideas, policies etc to solve current problems, and belief on emphasis on individual rights
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Liberalism
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Wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
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Rousseau
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Influenced the French Revolution
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Rousseau
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Theory that things should only be believed once seen with one's own eyes
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Empiricism
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Wrote about Liberal ideas, close to Socialism
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John Stuart Mill
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Germans who supported Liberalism
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Fitche and Hegel
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3 branches of govt |
Legislative, Executive, Judicial |
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2 parts of legislative branch |
Senate, House |
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2 parts of Executive branch |
President, Vice President |
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1 part of Judicial branch |
Supreme Court |
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Executes and enforces law |
Executive |
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Creates and establishes law |
Legislative |
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Interprets law |
Judicial |
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What is congress made of (2 things) |
House and Senate |
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Electoral College System |
Citizens vote for electors; these electors then cast vote for presidential candidate |
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Civil liberties |
Implies equal opportunities |
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Civil rights |
Guarantees rights against state authority |
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Govt must follow same fair rules for everyone bought to trial |
Due Process |
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Stating a falsehood against someone |
Slander |
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Age a citizen can vote since 1971 |
18 |
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Provinding state of federal legistlators with info on an issue and trying to persuade them to take action |
Lobbying |
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Largest source of campaign finance money |
Special interests (ie; a large company supporting a party who want to keep tariffs down) |
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Keeping a politicians in the public realm to increase recognition |
Public relations |
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Form of govt where a single person holds power |
Autocracy |
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Oligarchy |
A system of govt in which power is held by a small group of people |
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System that doesn't recognise the right for any aspect of society to be outside influence of state |
Totalitarianism |
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System which may leave some areas alone (such as church) as long as they don't interfere with state |
Authoritarianism |
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Belief as well as political system, one party state. Idealises one leader |
Fascism |
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People in a small area come together to vote |
Direct Democracy |
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When large areas send representatives to vote |
Indirect democracy |
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System with a division between head of state and head of govt |
Parliamentary |
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No division between head of state and govt in this system |
Presidential |
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4 schools of thought in international theory |
Realism, Liberalism, Instutionalism, Constructivism |
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Sees nation state as basic unit. No international authority above individual nations. |
Realism |
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Allows for cooperation of several states working in common interest |
Liberalism |
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Holds there is a structure to international relations that determines how nations will act |
Institutionalism |
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Recognises role of ideas and perceptions in international relations |
Constructivism |
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Libel |
Printing a known falsehood |
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Impeachment and removal of a federal official is an example of... |
Checks and balances |
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Who nominates federal judges to then have them confirmed by the senate? |
President |
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A way bingress can i fluence bureaucracy |
Holding investigations into activities of an agency |
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Money given from federal gov't to state gov't to fund a project. A clear way to exercise influence over state gov't policies.
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Grant-in-aid
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What is judiciary free of?
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executive or legislative influence (they are objective and impartial)
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What has reduced the power of political parties?
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Increase in number of direct primary elections
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Number of electors each state has in electoral college is equal to...
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Number of senators and state representatives the state has in congress
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Which kind of jurisdiction does does the supreme court most often exercise?
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Appellate
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Corporatist state
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Labour, business and gov't negotiate policy
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Presidential duty of taking action without congress' consent |
Chief executive |
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Voters who think of themselves as neither Republicans or Democrats |
Independent voters |
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How do gov'ts pay for long term expenditures like highway construction? |
Sell bonds |
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Provide policy makers with information about issues |
Interest groups |
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One power of the President in constitution |
Grant pardon for offenses against the US |
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Voter turn out in US is significantly... |
lower than in other democratic countries |
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Significant difference between House and Senate |
Only the Senate allows unlimited debate on all bills |
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Who verifies that bureaucracy is carrying out the intent of federal programs (legislative oversight) |
Congress |
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Right to make political decisions acted directly by citizens |
Direct democracy |
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Why have Western rightist political parties grown in strength during 1990's? |
Reaction to immigrant workers |
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3 roles of a diplomat |
Help resolve international conflicts, convey official information, negotiate agreements on issues such as trade and environment |
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Emphasised greatest happiness for greatest number |
Hume |
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Believed state of nature was chaotic and the natural state was war. Harmony meant submitting to the state |
Hobbes |
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Refers to the right of the president to keep some documents private |
Executive privilege |
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A presidential power |
Nominating judges |
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How has judicial review been inferred? |
From the logic, structure and theory of constitution |
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MuCulloch v. Maryland clarified which feature of government? |
Federalism |
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Founder's vision of how the Electoral College should function did not become a reality because of |
emergence of national political parties |
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Productivity |
Output per units of input |
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Difference between national and international law |
No central authority in international law |
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Writ of habeus corpus |
Must be charged to be held |
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Best way to distinguish between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes |
Examine government control over non government sectors of society |
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Concern shared by progressive reformers |
Curbing abuses of corporate power |
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Johnson's Great Society was part of an effort to... |
Fulfill New Deal of 1930s |
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Concurrent power of state and federal govts |
Establishing courts |
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Function of judicial branch |
Interpreting laws |
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Establishing min age for driving responsibility of... |
State govt |
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Power reserved exclusively for states |
Conducting elections for political office |
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What are standing committees? |
permanent committees that focus on a specific policy area, thus allowing members to gain expertise.
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Describes the process by which bureaucrats interpret the meaning of laws and decide how they should be implemented?
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Rulemaking |
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Full faith and credit clause establishes that...
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states have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”
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The framers of the Constitution argued that judicial independence would be best protected by
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Life tenure with good behaviour |
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Difference between House and Senate |
The Senate is governed by fewer formal rules than the House is.
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2 things interest groups do |
File amicus curiae briefs and donate to electoral campaigns.
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Amicus Curiae |
someone who is not a party to a case who offers information that bears on the case but who has not been solicited by any of the parties to assist a court.
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Selective incorporation is the process by which...
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certain Bill of Rights protections have been applied at the state level
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Political polarisation |
individuals’ political preferences increasingly resemble those of the political parties they are affiliated with
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Characterizes the Supreme Court’s ruling in Griswold v. Connecticut?
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Married couples have certain privacy rights that legislatures may not violate.
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pork-barrel politics
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directing federal funds to a representative’s district through legislation.
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Brown V Board of Ed relied on which of the following constitutional provisions to find that public school segregation is unconstitutional?
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The equal protection clause
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Reagan's economics |
Tax cuts lead to investment, lead to jobs |
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Consequence of divided gov't |
delays in confirmation of federal court nominees |
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Organisation of political parties |
separate and largely independent at national, state, local levels |
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When are interest groups influential in congress? |
Issue narrow in scope and low in public visibility |
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Determined by laws outside usual budgetary process |
Federal spending for Social Security and entitlement programs |
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Example of centrifugal political force |
Variation of language in country |
