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67 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
1833; Barron V. Baltimore
Supreme Court first held that the provisions of the Bill of Rights restricts only the National Government
1947; Everson v. United States
Did not aid the church directly, but provided for safety and benefit of the students
1962; Engle v. Vitale
Ruled unconstitutional - Violation of Establishment Clause
1985; Wallace v. Jaffrey
State law required a daily one-minute period of silence for meditation and voluntary prayer. Ruled unconstitutional, Lemon Test used: "Saw the rule as an endorsement of religion lacking any clearly secular purpose."
1971; Lemon v. Kurtzman
States may aid parochial schools but must meet three requirements
1985; Aguilar v. Felton
Could federally funded special education services for disadvantaged youth be provided on parochial school property? No - Excessive Entanglement
1997; Agostini v. Felton
Supreme Court overturns Aguilar v. Felton - "No longer good law." The Court's makeup was changed. Six of the nine justices who voted in 1997 where not involved in the 1985 case.
2000; Santa Fe ISD v. Doe
Texas school districts policy that permitted student-led prayer at high school football games. Ruled unconstitutional.
1980; Stone v. Graham
Kentucky law requiring Ten Commandments to be posted in all public schools was found to be unconstitutional.
1990; Westside Community v. Mergens
Students wanted to form a religious club, membership would be voluntary and open to all students. Purpose was to read and discuss the Bible, pray together, and have fellowship. School officials denied the students request because of the Establishment Clause. Later overturned in Federal Court.
1879; Reynolds v. United States
Reynolds, a mormon, practiced polygamy. Prohibited under Federal Law. Jailed, appealed under freedom of religion, court denied release, a crime is a crime and that is not protected under 1st Amendment.
1986; Goldman v. Weinberger
The Air Force can deny an Orthodox Jew the right to wear a yarmulke while on active duty
1990; Oregon v. Smith
State of Oregon denies employment benefits to two drug counselors who had been fired for using peyote in their religious services. They argued that it was part of their religious services.
1940; Minersville ISD v. Gobitis
Jehovah's Witnesses who refused to salute the flag. Court ruled that flag was symbol of national unity and that the students could be required to salute the flag.
1943; West Virginia v. Barnette
Court overturns its own decision in the Minersville case.
1972; Wisconsin v. Yoder
9th Grade Compulsory
1905; Jacobson v. Massachusetts
Court upheld laws requiring the vaccination of school children.
1993; Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Haileah
Court struck down a Florida city's ordinance that outlawed animal sacrifices as part of any church service
1993; Zorbrest v. Catalina Foothills School District
Court said use of public money to provide for an interpreter for a deaf student who attends a Catholic high school does not violate the Establishment Clause - Lemon Test.
1988; Bowan v. Kendrick
Provides that public agencies can teach about teen sex in both public/ rel. (private/parochial) school settings.
1968; Epperson v. Arkansas
Arkansas law prohibiting the teaching of evolution violated the Establishment Clause, in effect the law imposed religious standards on students
1990; C for PE + RL v. Regan
States can pay church-related schools what it costs them to administer the State's standardized tests.
1940; Thornhill v. Alabama
Right to picketing
Civil Liberties
protections against government
Civil Rights
the positive acts of government that seek to make the guarantees of the Constitution a reality for all people
Process of Incorporation
Inclusion of the essential Bill of Rights into the Due Process Clause
Establishment Clause
Separates church and state
Parochial
Church-related
Content Neutral
The government may not regulate assemblies on the basis on what might be said
Eugene Victor Debs
Prisoner who was nominated by the Socialist Party of the United States for President four times?
ARU
It took in all white railroad workers from engineer to engine wiper
scabs
workers who take strikers' jobs
blacklist
a list of workers not to hire, passed among employers
yellow-dog contracts
agreements that required a worker not to join a union while employed
arbitration
turning the dispute over to an impartial third party for settlement
George Pullman
President of the Pullman Palace Car Company, which produced dining cars, chair cars, and the famous sleeping cars for trains
dividends
a share of profits
injunction
court order
capitalists
owners of businesses
class struggle
The notion that the upper and lower classes in society could not live in harmony
socialists
Some supported U.S. loans and supplies for the Allies. Some even urged that the U.S. join the war against Germany. Also, some were fiercely opposed to U.S. involvement in the war.
Espionage Act of 1917
Law that made it a crime to speak or otherwise act against the war.
Alexander Hamilton
Leading Federalist
Thomas Jefferson
Leading Republican
John Adams
Second President who was involved with the Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Act
Gave the President the power to order out of the country any foreigners "he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States." Also, made it more difficult for foreigners to become citizens
Sedition Act
Prohibited statements bringing the government into contempt or opposing its laws
Federalists
Wanted to avoid a possible uprising in the United States; Supported the Sedition law
Republicans
Opposed the Sedition law, claiming it violated the First Amendment of the Constitution
XYZ Affair
Government would not begin to negotiate unless the U.S. government first paid a bribe of 250K and gave France a multimillion dollar loan
Matthew Lyon
First victim of the Sedition Act who was a congressman from Vermont
John Daly Burk
Another victim of the Sedition Act who was not even a citizen
Luther Baldwin
Became intoxicated and said that he wished the cannon would be fired at Adams' rear end
French Revolution
France overthrew its king and was now attacking other monarchies
Roger Williams
Left Massachusetts and later founded the colony of Rhode Island
Inward Light
God's will was written in the hearts of all people. If people sincerely examined their consciences, they could discover the true wishes of God.
libel
False and malicious use of printed words
slander
False and malicious use of spoken words
sedition
crime of attempting to overthrow the government by force or to disrupt its lawful activities by violent acts
prior restraint
Government cannot curb ideas before they are expressed
Shield law
Law which gives reporters some protection against having to disclose their sources or reveal other confidential info in legal proceedings
picketing
Patrolling of a business site by workers who are on strike
defamatory
insulting to a person's reputation
Minnesota Public Nuisance Law
Anyone who regularly published an obscene, scandalous, or defamatory newspaper could be guilty of being a public nuisance. If the publisher could show intent to print the truth without malice, there would be no penalty. If publishers knowingly printed false and damaging information, however, they could be ordered by a judge to stop printing their newspapers
The Saturday Press
Charged that gangsters had threatened the publishers and was often filled with hatred, lies, and prejudice
Eighteenth Amendment
Prohibited the sale, manufacture, or transportation of alcoholic beverages.
Jay Near and Howard Guilford
Began publishing charges of corruption and scandal in Minneapolis