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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trustee |
Idea of representation that says elected offi cials should do what they think best, even if the public disagrees.
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Delegate |
Idea of representation that says elected offi cials should do what the public wants and not exercise independent judgment
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Representation |
Idea that government o ceholders are elected by the people to act on their behalf. |
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Bicameral |
A legislature having two chambers |
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Constituency |
Defi ned group of citizens offi cially designated to elect a legislative representative.
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Census |
Constitutionally mandated count of the population every ten years. |
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Redistricting |
Process whereby state legislatures redraw the boundaries of congressional districts in the state to make them equal in population size. |
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Gerrymandering |
Redistricting that blatantly bene ts one political party over the other or concentrates (or dilutes) the voting impact of racial or ethnic groups. |
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General welfare clause |
Gives Congress the power to tax to provide for the general welfare. |
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Appropriate
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Allocate a set amount of federal dollars for a speci c program or agency |
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Authorize |
Grant the power to create a federal program or agency and spend federal funds to support that program or agency. |
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Commerce clause |
Gives Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, with Indian tribes, and among the various states. |
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Advice and consent |
Power of the Senate to approve or disapprove presidential appointments, such as cabinet secretaries, ambassadors, and judges, as well as international treaties. |
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Impeachment |
Process whereby the House brings charges against the president (or other federal o cials) that will, upon conviction by the Senate, remove him from o ce. |
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Enumerated Powers |
Powers of Congress listed in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution |
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Necessary and proper clause |
Gives Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper to the powers enumerated in Section 8 |
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Implied powers |
Powers not explicitly granted to Congress but added through the necessary and proper clause. |
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Judiciary Act |
Created the lower federal judiciary, district courts, and circuit courts of appeal |
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Marbury vs. Madison |
Established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review. |
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Judicial review |
Authority of courts to declare laws passed by Congress and acts of the executive branch to be unconstitutional. |
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Oversight |
Power of Congress to monitor how the executive branch implements laws. |
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Unified government |
Situation when the same party controls the executive and legislative branches. |
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Divided government |
Situation when one party controls the executive and the other party controls the legislature. |
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Hearings |
Congressional committee meetings to gather information or hear testimony on a bill, issue, or appointment. |
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Party caucus |
Group of party members in a legislature. |
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Speaker of the House |
Constitutional and political leader of the House. |
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House majority leader |
Leader of the majority party in the House |
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Whips |
Legislators designated to count votes within the majority or the minority party. |
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House minority leader |
Leader of the minority party in the House.
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President pro tempore |
Constitutional leader of the Senate.
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Senate parliamentarian |
O cial in charge of interpreting the rules of the Senate. |
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Senate majority leader |
Leader of the majority party in the Senate |
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Senate minority leader |
Leader of the minority party in the Senate. |
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Committee chair |
Majority party member of a House or Senate committee who has been chosen to lead the committee and determine which issues the committee considers |
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Standing committee |
Permanent committee in the House or Senate.
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select committee |
Committee in the House or Senate that has very limited powers over a specifi c issue
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joint committee |
Committee that includes members of both the House and Senate. |
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Special committee |
Committee formed to address a speci c issue area or controversy, typically for a de ned period of time. |
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Markup |
Process where bills are literally “marked up,” or written by the members of the committee. |
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Ranking member |
Leader of the minority party members of the committee. |
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Advocacy caucus |
Group of members of Congress from both parties who share a common background, economic interest, or opinion on an issue that re ects their constituents’ interests. |
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House Rules Committees |
Gatekeeping committee that sets the guidelines for debating, changing, and voting on a bill on the oor. |
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Amendment |
In Congress, a proposed change to a bill. |
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rule |
Guidelines issued by the House Rules Committee that determines how many amendments may be considered for each bill |
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filibuster |
Delay tactic of extended speech designed to delay or block passage of a bill in the Senate |
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Cloture |
Vote that can stop a libuster and bring debate on a bill to an end |
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Unanimous consent agreement |
Agreement among all 100 senators for how a bill will be debated, changed, and voted on in the Senate. |
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hold |
Power available to a senator to keep a bill from coming to the Senate oor for twenty-four hours without having to libuster it. |
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Bill sponsorship |
Act of introducing a bill on the House or Senate oor. |
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Omnibus bill |
One very large bill that encompasses many separate bills |
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Roll call vote |
Vote that a House or Senate member casts on a bill or amendment when his or her name is called. |
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Party-line votes |
Voting in Congress according to party position, so that a majority of one party votes against a majority of the other party. |
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Message politics |
Strategy of framing choices on legislation so as to push members into casting votes that could later be used against them in campaigns
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Conference committee |
Temporary committee created after a bill passes the House and the Senate to resolve any di erences in the provisions of the bills so a single bill can be sent to the president. |
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Federal deficit |
Dierence between the amount of money the federal government spends in outlays and the amount of money it receives from revenues. |
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National Debt |
Sum of loans and interest that the federal government has accrued over time to pay for the federal de cit |
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Concurrent budget resolution |
Congressional blueprint outlining general amounts of funds that can be spent on federal programs. |
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Continuing resolution |
Measure passed to fund federal programs when the appropriations process has not been completed by the end of the scal year on September 30. |
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Reconciliation |
A measure used to bring all bills that contain changes in the tax code or entitlement programs in line with the congressional budget. |
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Entitlement programs |
Federal programs, such as Social Security, Medicare, or Medicaid, that pay out bene ts to individuals based on a speci ed set of eligibility criteria. |
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Veto |
Authority of the president to block legislation passed by Congress. |
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Pocket Veto |
Automatic veto that occurs when Congress goes out of session within ten days of submitting a bill to the president and the president has not signed it. |
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Override |
Congress’ power to overturn a presidential veto with a two-thirds vote in each chamber. |
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Constituent services |
Individualized services performed by a member of Congress for a constituent, such as help with a passport, Social Security problem, or any other issue that requires federal government involvement. |
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Funding formula |
Formula written into law by Congress that determines how funds will be distributed in a federal program. |
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Earmark |
Amount of federal dollars devoted speci cally to a local project in a congressional district or state |
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Franking privilege |
Special free mail that a House or Senate member can use to send letters to constituents |
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Home style |
Way that incumbents portray themselves to constituents. |
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Incumbent |
Occupant of elected o ce. |
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Challenger |
Candidate who runs against an incumbent. |
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Blue Dog Democrats |
Democratic House members from conservative-leaning districts and who care deeply about scal discipline |
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Values |
Relative worth, merit, or importance; maerial worth |
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Beliefs |
Somethingbelieved; an opinion or conviction |
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Ideology |
Thebody of doctrine, myth, belief that guides an individual |
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Congressional districts |
Aperson who authorizes another to act in his or her behalf, as a voter in adistrict represented by an elected official A congressional district is based on population |
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District 1 |
Jim Bridenstine, Republican |
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District 2 |
Markwayne Mullin, Republican |
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District 3 |
Frank Lucas, Republican |
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District 4 |
Tom Cole, Republican |
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District 5 |
Steve Russell, Republican |
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Number of people in the House of Representatives |
435 |
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Number of people in the Senate |
100, 2 from each state |
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Number of people in Congress |
535 |
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Senators of Oklahoma |
Jim Inhofe and James Lankford, Republicans |
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Constituents |
Aperson who authorizes another to act in his or her behalf, as a voter in adistrict represented by an elected official |
