Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Mayflower Compact
|
A governing document created by Mayflower members to temporarily establish self-government in colonies.
|
|
|
Individualism
|
De Tocqueville; moral, political, and ethical philosophy of life that emphasizes rights, effort, independence.
|
|
|
Popular Sovereignty
|
The belief that the authority and legitimacy of govt is based on consent and authority of individuals living w/i its boundaries
|
|
|
Equality of Opportunity
|
All individuals, regardless of race, gender, or circumstance have opportunity to participate in politics, self-government, and the economy.
|
|
|
Freedom of Religion
|
The belief that individuals living in a society should be free toe exercise their personal religious convictions without government restrictions.
|
|
|
Economic Liberty
|
the belief that individuals should be allowed to pursue their economic self-interest with-out govt restrictions.
|
|
|
Distinctive Constitutional Democracy?
|
..
|
|
|
Government
|
The processes and institutions through which binding decisions are made for a society.
|
|
|
Politics
|
The process by which decisions are made and carried out within and among nations, groups, and individuals
|
|
|
Politician
|
An individual who participates in politics and govt, often in the service of a group or political community.
|
|
|
Political Science
|
An academic discipline; studies the theory and practice of politics/govt. Uses data and methods to overlap w other sciences.
|
|
|
Social Contract
|
An agreement whereby individuals VOLUNTARILY COMMIT to establish a government that will PROTECT COMMON INTERESTS OF ALL. LOCKE
|
|
|
Thomas Jefferson
|
Author of the Declaration of Independence
|
|
|
Democracy
|
Government by the people, bot directly or indirectly, with free and frequent elections.
|
|
|
Direct Democracy
|
Govt. in which citizens vote on laws and select officials directly. GREW UNRULY IN ROME
|
|
|
Direct Primary
|
An election in which voters choose party nominees.
|
|
|
Initiative
|
A procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters.
|
|
|
Referendum
|
A procedure for submitting to popular vote measures passed by the legislature or proposed amendments to a state constitution
|
|
|
Recall
|
A procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term.
|
|
|
Representative Democracy
|
Govt in which the people elect those who govern and pass laws; also called a REPUBLIC. HOW WE DO THINGS NOW
|
|
|
constitutional Democracy
|
Govt that enforces recognized limits on those who govern and allows the voice of the people to be heard through free, fair, and relatively frequent elections
|
|
|
Constitutionalism
|
The set of arrangements - including checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, rule of law, due process, and a bill of rights - that requires leaders to listen, think, bargain, and explain before they make laws.
|
|
|
Statism
|
The idea that the rights of the nation are supreme over the rights of the individuals who make up the nation.
|
|
|
Popular Consent
|
The idea that a just govt must derive its powers from the consent of the people it governs.
|
|
|
Majority Rule
|
Governance according to the expressed preferences of the majority
|
|
|
Majority
|
The candidate or party that wins more than half the votes cast in an election.
|
|
|
Plurality
|
The candidate or party with the most votes cast in an election, not necessarily more than half..
|
|
|
Constitutional Convention
|
The convention in Philidelphia, from May 25 - Sept 17, 1787, that debated and agreed on the Constitution of the United States!
|
|
|
Shay's Rebellion
|
A rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western MASSACHUSETTS in 1786-1787 protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national govt just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out!.
|
|
|
Bicameralism
|
The principle of a two-house legislature.
|
|
|
Virginia Plan
|
The initial proposal at the Constitutional Convention made by the Virginia delegation for a strong central govt with a bicameral legislature dominated by the big states.
|
|
|
New Jersey Plan
|
The proposal at the Const. Conv. made by WILLIAM PATERSON of New Jersey for a central govt. with a SINGLE HOUSE legislature in which each state would be represented equally.
|
|
|
Connecticut Compromise
|
The compromise agreement by states at the Const. Conv. for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in which representation would be based on POPULATION and an upper house which each state would have TWO SENATORS.
|
|
|
3/5ths Compromise
|
The compromise bw northern and southern states at the Const. Conv. that 3/5 of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.
|
|
|
Electoral College
|
used in electing the president and vice president, in which voters vote for electors pledged to cast their ballots for a particular party's candidates.
|
|
|
FEDERALISTS
|
Supporters of ratification of the constitution and of a strong central government.
|
|
|
ANTIFEDERALISTS
|
Opponents of ratification of the constitution and of a strong central government.
|
|
|
THE FEDERALIST
|
Essays promoting ratification of the Constitution, published anonymously by ALEXANDER HAMILTON, JOHN JAY, JAMES MADISON - 1787-88!!
|
|
|
"Give me liberty or give me death"
|
PATRICK HENRY
|
|
|
Natural Law
|
God's or nature's law that defines right from wrong and is higher than human law.
|
|
|
Federalism
|
A constitutional arrangement in which power is distributed b/w a central govt and a subdivisional govt, called states in the Unite States. The national and the subdivisional govts both exercise direct authority over individuals!
|
|
|
James Maddison?
|
4th president of the United States!! Author of Fed. Papers. Believed each branch of power should check another.
|
|
|
Separation of Powers
|
Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Legislative = making law; Executive = applying law; Judiciary = interpreting the law.
|
|
|
Checks and Balances
|
A constitutional grant of powers that enables each of the three branches of govt to check some acts of the others and therefore ensures that no branch can dominate
|
|
|
Autocracy
|
A type of govt in which one person with UNLIMITED POWER RULES.
|
|
|
Judicial Review
|
The power of the court to refuse to enforce a law or a govt regulation that in the opinion of the judges conflicts w the Constitution or, in a state court, the state constitution.
|
|
|
Most influential supreme court justice?
|
John Marshall
|
|
|
WRIT OF MANDAMUS
|
A court order directing an official to perform an official duty.
|
|
|
Congressional elaboration
|
Congressional legislation that gives further meaning to the Constitution based on sometimes vague constitutional authority, such as the necessary and proper clause.
|
|
|
Impeachment
|
A formal accusation by the LOWER house of a legislature against a public official; the FIRST STEP in removal from office!
|
|
|
Executive Order
|
A directive issued by a president or governor that has the force of law.
|
|
|
Executive Privilege
|
The power to keep executive communications CONFIDENTIAL, esp if they relate to national security.
|
|
|
Impoundment
|
Presidential refusal to allow an agency to spend funds that Congress authorized and appropriated.
|
|
|
Originalist Approach
|
An approach to constitutional INTERPRETATION that envisions the document as having a FIXED MEANING that might be determined by a strict reading of the text or the framers' intent.
|
|
|
Adaptive Approach
|
A method used to interpret the Constitution that understand the document to be flexible and responsive to the changing needs of the times.
|
|
|
To propose an amendment!
|
2/3 vote of BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS
|
