Government 1

Front 1

The institution through which society makes and enforces its public policies.

Back 1

Government

Front 2

The process by which a society decides how power and resources will be distributed within a society.

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Politics

Front 3

The government’s power to execute, enforce, and administer law.

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Executive Power

Front 4

The government’s power to make law and to frame public policies.

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Legislative Power

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The government’s power to interpret the law, to determine its meaning, and to settle disputes that arise within society.

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Judicial Power

Front 6

Outlines the powers of government and is the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and powers of government.

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Constitution

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A body of people living in a defined territory, organized politically, and with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority.

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State

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This form of government concentrates all power on a central government & local governments are there to carry out the will of that central power.

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Unitary Government

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This form of government divides power between a national government and state governments.

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Federal Government

Front 10

This form of government’s power is based on the people.

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Democracy

Front 11

This is an indirect form of democracy, where the people elect those who make their laws.

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Respresentative Democracy

Front 12

This form of dictatorship rests power on one individual

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Absolute Monarchy

Front 13

This form of government divides power between a separate and equal executive and legislative branches.

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Presidential

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This form of government is headed by a prime minister and a cabinet elected by the legislature and subject to its control.

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Parliamentary

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Popular political theory in the 17th century stating that monarchs were God’s representative on earth, and the people should, therefore, obey them as if they were God.

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Divine Right Theory

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English document forced upon King John by nobles in 1215, stating that the king was not above the law and had to protect basic rights of the nobility.

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Magna Carta

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English document placed upon William and Mary after the Glorious Revolution guaranteeing basic rights in 1689

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English Bill of Rights

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English philosopher who authored Leviathon, arguing that government was necessary because otherwise man would remain in a state of nature and a state of war against every man. Life would be lived in continual fear and danger, and would end brutishly.

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Thomas Hobbes

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English philosopher who authored Second Treatise of Government, arguing that people voluntarily create governments, sacrifice their natural rights for the greater good in order to preserve “life, liberty, and property.”

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John Locke

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French philosopher who authored The Social Contract, arguing that government is an “intermediate body” meant to protect the liberties of those who enter under its domain.

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Jean Jacques Rousseau

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A 1620 document in America that was the first to verify the social contract nature of government.

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Mayflower Compact

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A 1776 document that stated all men were equal, possessed unalienable rights, that governments were formed from the consent of the governed, and that government could be abolished if it failed to protect basic freedoms.

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Declaration of independence

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All colonies were established from this written grant of authority from the king.

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Charter

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The chief complaint of the colonists was not that taxes were too high, but that they?

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Taxation without representation

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This event brought severe punishment over Boston in 1773, including the shut down of the harbor, martial law, and another Quartering Act.

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Boston Tea Party

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These laws, sometimes referred to as the Coercive Acts, sparked the 1st Continental Congress in which delegates voted to support Boston in her time of need and to petition the King for redress of grievances.

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Intolerable acts

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The lengthiest portion of the Declaration of Independence is dedicated to what?

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Grievances to the king

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The famous painting by John Trumball shows how many men presenting the Declaration of Independence?

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5

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What examples does the Declaration state as unalienable rights?

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Life liberty pursuit of happiness

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“In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense.”

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Thomas Paine

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President of the Constitutional Convention.

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george washington

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The most avid advocate for independence, and coincidentally died on the 50th anniversary of the adoption of The Declaration of Independence.

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Thomas Jefferson, John Adams

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President of the 2nd Continental Congress.

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John Hancock

Front 34

Eloquent Virginia patriot who later became a staunch Anti-federalist.

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Patrick Henry

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New Yorker who co-wrote the Federalist Papers, and founded the Federalist Party.

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Alexander Hamilton

Front 36

Author of the Virginia Plan and the Bill of Rights.

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James Madison

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Lead ambassador to France during the American Revolution.

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Ben Franklin

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Nominated by John Adams to draft a declaration of independence.

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Thomas Jefferson

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This document was written in 1776, ratified in 1781, and scrapped by 1788 because it created a league of friendship with a weak national government.

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Articles of confederation

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This meeting from May-September of 1787 was a secret meeting that was to revise our first constitution, but instead scrapped it for a new constitution.

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Constitutional convention

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This plan of government was authored by James Madison and set the agenda by proposing three branches, a bicameral congress, and representation based on population.

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Virginia Plan

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. This was the counter-plan to the Virginia Plan, which retained many qualities of the Articles of Confederation, including a unicameral congress and equal representation in Congress.

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New Jersey Plan

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This solution created a bicameral congress with representation in the upper house based on equality and the lower house based on population.

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Connecticut Compromise

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What were the first and last states to ratify the Constitution?

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Deleware was first, Rhode Island was last

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A collection of 85 essays written to New York newspapers supporting the Constitution and co-authored by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay.

Back 45

The Federalist Papers

Front 46

The year and city in which our first congress met and in which our first President was inaugurated.

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President- New York, April 30, 1789
Congress-