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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeier
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Hazelwood school officials took out a student-written article out of the school newspaper because it was inappropriate. student argued under the 1st ammendment. Court decided that the students' rights were limited in school.
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Cruzan vs. Missouri health dept.
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Cruzan in bad car accident- on life support & parents want to remove life support b/c she was in vegetative state. Court decided she had the right to death and parents were denied the right to make that decision
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Tinker vs. Board of Education
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student and faculty wear black armbands to passivly protest the vietnam war. School demanded they be removed. There was no "evidence of substantial disturbance." court decided their right to wear these was protected under the first ammendement.
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Engle vs. Vitale
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schools required to recite a 22 word prayer at school. Parents protested saying it violated the first ammendment. Set a precedent: not prayer in public schools.
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New Jersey vs. T.L.O.
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girl was accused of smoking in school bathroom, principal searched her purse and found marajuana and girl was arrested. Claimed unreasonable search & seizure. Court decided students' rights at school are limited
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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Louisiana law-required seperate seating for white and blacks. 14th ammendment not intended for social equality, but political. "separate but equal"
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Brown vs. Board of Education
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overturned plessy vs. ferguson. Separate is NOT equal. Black girl wasn't allowed to attend a black school. precedent set: racial equality.
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Plantiff
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initiates case
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Only thing from judicial brach spelled out in constitution
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supreme court (article III)
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Dual court system
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federal courts and state courts
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Constitutional courts
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the fereal courts formed by congress
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Special courts
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hear cases arising out of some of the expressed powers given to congress
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4 types of cases that belong to a federal court
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1. cases involving national laws
2. cases involving maritime laws 3. where two or more states are involved 4. where foreign govts. are involved |
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How are federal judges appointed and confirmed?
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appointed by president, approved by congress
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inferior courts
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those beneath supreme court
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how were district courts created?
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by congress in the judiciary act of 1789
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Why were courts of Appeals created?
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to relieve the supreme cour of the burden of hearing appeals
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Which federal courts hear the majorit of cases?
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constitutional courts
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What kind of juristiction does the supreme court have?
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concurrent
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A court that hears appeals from lower courts has what kind of juristiction?
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appellate jurisdiction
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Judicial Review
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using past cases to make decisions for present cases
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What case established judicial review?
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marburry vs. madison
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Writ of certiorari
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an order issued by a higher court directing court to sen up the record of a case for its review
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When does the supreme court meet?
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from oct. to june/july
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Brief
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must be filed before they hear a case
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Amicus curiae
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filed by people who aren't actual parties to a case but have a substantial interest in its outcome
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In what order to justices vote during their conference?
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reverse order junior --> senior
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Majority opinion
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highest ranking justice assigns who writes the court's opinion. Decideds court decision and precedent set.
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Concurring opinion
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written by one of the majority to make or emphasize a point not made in the majority opinion
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dissenting opinion
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supreme court justice and disagree w/ majority of the court
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What kind of jurisdiction does a case have being heard for the first time?
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origional jurisdiction
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# of supreme court justices needed to make a decision
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4/9
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Current chief justice
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John roberts
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Only AA on supreme court
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Clarence Thomas
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